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Hormozgan Medical Journal - Volume:22 Issue: 3, Aug-Sep 2018

Hormozgan Medical Journal
Volume:22 Issue: 3, Aug-Sep 2018

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1397/06/03
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Mohammad Bagher Rahmati*, Alireza Nikbakht , Mehran Ahmadi Page 1
    Background
    Acute gastroenteritis is one of the major causes of pediatric hospitalization and mortality worldwide. Vitamin D can improve the immune system, and its deficiency may exacerbate the severe symptoms of any infectious disease. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin D on children admitted to a hospital due to acute gastroenteritis.
    Methods
    In this double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial, 100 children aged 3 months to 14 years old hospitalized due to acute gastroenteritis in Bandar Abbas pediatric hospital, Iran, were enrolled. The participants were divided into two groups of case and placebo (n = 50 per group). Patients were excluded from the study if they met the exclusion criteria. After obtaining parental (or guardian) consent, in addition to the conventional treatment of gastroenteritis, the placebo group received 2 cc of olive oil (as placebo) and the cases received 100000 IU of vitamin D (ZAHRAVI Vit D3). Discharge criteria included reduction of fever and defecation and improvement of the patient’s general condition. The required data including age, sex, baseline serum vitamin D level, level of dehydration, axillary temperature, and length of hospital stay were recorded in a checklist by a physician. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and Student’s t-test were used to compare the recorded data in SPSS, version 24.
    Results
    The mean lengths of hospital stay were 3.46 and 2.54 days in the placebo and case groups, respectively, indicating a significant difference between the two groups in this regard (P < 0.001). However, there were no significant age and sex differences between the two groups regarding hospital stay (P = 0.09 and P = 0.14). Furthermore, there was no significant relationship between length of hospital stay and the level of dehydration in either group (P = 0.15). We found that axillary temperature at discharge was significantly lower in the vitamin D group than the placebo group (P = 0.017). In general, length of hospital stay was shorter in the vitamin D group, and there was no difference between patients with baseline vitamin D level of < 30 ng/mL and those with vitamin D level of ≥ 30 ng/mL in the vitamin D group regarding length of hospital stay (P = 0.057). On the contrary, in placebo group, hospital stay was significantly longer in those with vitamin D level of < 30 ng/mL (P = 0.039).
    Conclusions
    This prospective study demonstrated that vitamin D supplementation is significantly related to the reduction of hospital stay in pediatric acute gastroenteritis patients aged 3 months to 14 years old. This finding was achieved after unification of the confounding variables such as socioeconomic status. We also noted that the effect of vitamin D on hospital stay was not associated with age, sex, and level of dehydration.
    Keywords: Gastroenteritis, Vitamin D, Hospital Stay, Pediatrics
  • Shima Mirzaie Parsa , Mohammad Javad Soltani Banavandi *, Mohammad Hassan Shahhosseiny Page 2
    Background
    Nosocomial infection caused by antibiotic resistance bacteria is increasing in the world. Resistance to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBLs) is one of the most important antibiotic resistance mechanisms.
    Objectives
    According to prevalence of E. coli producing ESBL, the aim of this study was to identify the blaCTX and blaSHV genes, which are the causing genes of the resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics by Multiplex-PCR method.
    Methods
    A total of 100 isolates of E. coli were collected from the Milad Hospital in Tehran. Disk diffusion method was done and ESBL positive isolates were determined by combination disc test. DNA extraction of them was carried out and the presence of blaCTX and blaSHV genes was evaluated by using the M-PCR method.
    Results
    By using the molecular method on all isolates, 46 of them were positive for the CTX gene, three isolates were positive for the SHV gene, and none of the isolates have both blaCTX and blaSHV genes. Antibiogram test was done on all samples in which 17 of them were resistant to antibiotics.
    Conclusions
    Based on the goals of this study for investigation of frequency of SHV and CTX antibiotic resistance genes in collected isolates in order to improve PCR detection method, achieved results emphasized that the M-PCR method, with high accuracy and sensitivity, should be used as the substitution of phenotype tests in clinical laboratories. In addition, avoiding the indiscriminate prescribing of antibiotics is an important necessity.
    Keywords: Escherichia coli, ESBL, blaCTX, blaSHV, PCR
  • Elham Sadat Mousavi , Mohammad Reza Asad , Ali Barzegari *, Mahbobeh Gholizadeh Ahangari Page 3
    Background
    Aging impairs function of the heart and is associated with mechanical remodeling. This process involves accumulation of collagen and dysfunction in the regulation of active matrix metalloproteinase. On the other hand, exercise training improves cardiac function and regulates the increase of pro-inflammatory molecules, such as interferon gamma, yet the impact of exercise training on aging has not yet been defined.
    Objectives
    This study examined the effect of continuous endurance training on mRNA expression of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in male elder rats.
    Methods
    For this purpose, 14 Wistar male rats with age of 24 to 26 months and an average weight of 380 ± 20 g were randomly divided to two groups, including training (n = 7) and control (n = 7). Training groups performed continuous endurance training for six weeks. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 mRNA and interferon (IFN)-γ mRNA expression in heart tissue were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. To analyze of the data, the independent t-test was used at a significance level of P < 0.05.
    Results
    The findings of this statistical analysis showed that six weeks of continuous endurance training had a significant effect on MMP-9 mRNA expression (P = 0.001). Also, this training protocol did not have a significant effect on expression of IFN-γ gene (P = 0.628).
    Conclusions
    Continuous endurance training attenuated aging-induced cardiac inflammation of rats. There are numerous questions that remain to be answered to complete the understanding of the moderator effects of exercise on MMP-9 and IFN-γ, as a muscle conformity or indicate an inflammatory condition.
    Keywords: Endurance-Continuous Training, Interferon-Gamma, Matrix Metalloproteinase-9, Elder Rats
  • Mohammadreza Rezaeipour *, Apanasenko Gennady Leonidovich Page 4
    Background
    Age-related obesity, besides genetics, depends on diet and exercise. There are various strategies for the time duration of exercise. Nevertheless, there continues to be little knowledge about its diverse models for women in middle-age.
    Objectives
    This study investigated the impacts of interval training on the loss of weight and coronary risk panel and compared its effectiveness with continuous training effectiveness.
    Methods
    This research was a simplified randomized trial. Participants (n = 86) were selected among sedentary overweight or obese women aged 45 - 65 years who had attended (during the three months before the study) weight-loss consulting programs. Of all 86 participants, 74 completed the study. They were randomly divided into 2 groups: A group with continuous training and a group with interval training. The weight assessment parameters, including change of weight, body composition, and blood sample tests, were carried out before and after the 12-week intervention.
    Results
    In comparison with baseline data, all parameters changed significantly in both groups. The study groups showed a similar weight loss pattern after the intervention. The same changes were noticed in the body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels in post-test groups (P > 0.05). Elevation in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels differed significantly in post-test groups (P < 0.05). The decrease in the ratio of TC to HDL-C was more in interval exercise than in continuous training.
    Conclusions
    Both exercise time models could improve significantly the weight loss parameters but it seems that the interval-training pattern provides more health along with weight loss. This may be clinically useful and provide a physical activity guideline for body weight loss in middle-aged women.
    Keywords: Exercise Test, Middle Aged, Obesity, Overweight, Problems, Exercises, Weight Reduction Programs
  • Mitra Zarei , Mahmoud Salari *, Zahra Jafarzadeh Page 5
    Background
    Structural holes as a considerable issue in network approach can be tracked in central indices.
    Objectives
    This research aims to survey indices that can measure structural holes. We are looking for the most important scientific authors and their connections in the field of medical genetics to facilitate information flow in the network of medical genetics relations.
    Methods
    First, co-authorship network of Iranian medical genetics scientists (faculty members) was extracted via searching Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases, as a result of which 7451 articles were retrieved. With co-authorship techniques, the most central nodes in the network were picked as highlighted scientists. In the next phase, two other indices (i.e., hypertext induced topics search [HITS] and PageRank) were calculated with the help of Sci2 and compared to redundancy, efficiency and effective size as structural hole indices.
    Results
    There was a significant relationship between the two groups of indices. There were few structural holes in our network because redundancy and constraint were low. Constraint index and centrality indices can be used for extracting structural holes.
    Conclusions
    In confirmation of previous studies, the constraint index can be used as a method for extracting structural holes. Compared to the HITS algorithm, the constraint index works best in this regard. At the same time, the study of HITS and PageRank indicators showed a significant association between the figures derived from the calculation of these two indicators, and each one can be employed to find structural holes.
    Keywords: Structural Holes, Co-authorship, Social Network Analysis, Centrality Measures, HITS Algorithm, PageRank Algorithm, Genetics, Medical
  • Shahrokh Rajaei , Mohammad Bagher Rahmati , Shahram Zare , Ghassem Attarzadeh Yazdi * Page 6
    Background
    Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children younger than five years old. This disease is an important factor for hospitalization during the winter months.
    Methods
    To determine the percentage of RSV infection in infants younger than 60 months old in different seasons, the current study was performed during 12 months in 2014 in Bandar Abbas, southern Iran. Overall, 182 children aged less than five years with clinical symptoms of tachydyspnea, fever, cold/cough, sore throat, and aches (examined by one specialist pediatrician) were consecutively selected from inpatient or outdoor patients of the children’s hospital in Bandar Abbas, Iran. Children’s throat swabs were collected and RSV infection was detected by real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
    Results
    In total, 57.14% of all children were male and 42.86% were female. Respiratory syncytial virus infection was found in 46 out of 182 patients (25.3%). Among the 46 children with RSV infection, 22 patients (47.83%) were male and 24 patients (52.17%) were female with no significant difference between males and females. Most RSV infections were found in infants younger than 36 months old. There were significant differences between RSV positivity in winter and summer as 86.96% of positive RSV was during winter and 13.04% was during summer.
    Conclusions
    This study indicates that RSV is an important cause of respiratory tract infection in winter time in infants less than 36 months old in Bandar Abbas.
    Keywords: RSV, Bandar Abbas, Iran, Age, 2014
  • Solmaz Keymaram , Parvin Farzanegi*, Leila Azadbakht , Hadi Alinejad Page 7
    Background
    The prevalence of obesity in the world shows the impact of environmental factors such as sex, marital status, and changes in eating patterns as well as the replacement of high-fat diets rather than healthy diets.
    Objectives
    The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between dietary diversity score, general obesity, and abdominal obesity among female athlete students of Mazandaran University of Medical Science.
    Methods
    In this cross-sectional study, 143 healthy amateur athletes aged 18 to 28 years old were randomly selected as female students. The usual food intake was evaluated using a 24-hour recall questionnaire for three consecutive days. Dietary scores were calculated based on scores of five food groups. Weight, height, waist circumference, and hip circumference were measured based on standard methods. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression were used.
    Results
    There was an inverse and significant relationship between the dietary diversity score and general and abdominal obesity in amateur female students (P ≤ 0.05).
    Conclusions
    There is an inverse and significant relationship between the adherence to a high-diversity diet and obesity patterns. Finding dietary patterns associated with obesity can help obesity prevention and provide a healthy diet for controlling this epidemic in the community.
    Keywords: Dietary Diversity Score, Dietary Diversity, Abdominal Obesity
  • Shahrokh Rajaei , Pantea Adibi , Mohammad Bagher Rahmati*, Mehran Ahmadi , Maziar Rastegar Page 8
    Background
    Kawasaki disease (KD) is one of the main causes of acquired heart disease. Due to the fact that there is no prospective study regarding the involvement of coronary arteries in patients with non-KD febrile diseases.
    Objectives
    The aim of this study was to compare coronary artery changes between non-KD febrile children and patients with (complete) KD who were hospitalized.
    Methods
    This study was performed on 56 patients aged one month to eight years (26 KD cases and 30 non-KD febrile cases) admitted to the Bandar Abbas Pediatric Hospital. After obtaining parental or guardian consent, demographic data, coronary artery involvement, and lab tests were recorded. Chi-square and Student’s t-test were used to compare the recorded data.
    Results
    We found that coronary artery involvement was significantly higher in KD cases (50% vs. 6.7%), especially left coronary artery (LCA) dilatation (30.8 % vs. 3.3%) and right coronary artery (RCA) brightness (11.5% vs. 0%) were significantly higher in KD cases compared to non-KD febrile cases (P = 0.05). Meanwhile, we found that in both non-KD febrile cases and KD cases with WBC ≥ 15 109/L the risk of abnormal findings increased.
    Conclusions
    These findings suggests that non-KD febrile children, especially those with WBC ≥ 15 (109/L), as well as all KD cases should undergo echocardiography five to six days after the onset of the illness.
    Keywords: Kawasaki Disease, Cardiovascular Diseases, Coronary Artery, Vasculitis, Echocardiography, Coronary Aneurysm