مجله مطالعات باستان شناسی پارسه
پیاپی 5 (پاییز 1397)

Tepe Betaki is one of the most known ancient area in Aleshtar and for the reason there were some studies about it from so yours ago. The primitive studies shows that there is cultural periods from prehistory periods to Islamic periods. In this connection to maintain of Tepe Betaki, the writer had mission to study to determine the limits of it. The surface analyzing was continued in this mound from 29 July to 11 August 2018. In the time, it was studied carefully and 17 trench 1/5×1/5 m were made in different directions during the surface analyzing. The purpose was to record the ancient cultural findings in different areas. For this purpose, the mound was divided to 5 zones North, West, South, east and central and each was studied carefully. The purpose was to separate different zones to record cultural findings and to recognize the different cultural material of the mound. Therefore, the analyzing of bronze era existence in Tepe Betaki and the mound studying to show the spreading cultural material of different zones are the samples of Bronze era were collected and studies typologically. These samples were selected from 330 samples. It means that only 22 tile samples were about Bronze era. Therefore, in spite of wide extent of Tape Betaki and enrichment of culture in the next period the Bronze era is not considerable. 

In the history of architecture, one of the elements to transfer the vertical forces in buildings has been columns. They appeared in various forms depending on the nature of forces, architectural styles, available materials and joints applied. Examination of columns may revive and reveal certain parts of the lost knowledge of Persian architecture. Also, such an examination may help to categorize columns in terms of form and structure. The final form of the stone columns in pre-Islamic Iran has been directly influenced by their size and form of the trunk, base as well as capital. In this regard, columns have been often examined only in case studies. The present article, however, has studied the stone columns in pre-Islamic Iran in terms of geometric aspects. Data were mainly gathered based on library sources and field studies. In order to do a systematic classification, the stone columns were photographed. This article aimed to study the impact of form and size on the structure of the stone columns in pre-Islamic Iran. The results implied that the forms of base and shaft in stone columns of ancient Iran were mainly influenced by the vernacular motifs common at the time; bases of the stone columns were in cubic form or in the form of inversed vase. Similarly, the shafts of the columns were in simple, fluted and gadrooning forms. However, formation of the capitals is an adoption of forms found in columns of other civilizations. The forms include floral, zoomorphic a human images.

Throughout the period of Sassanids, as well as in the Islamic period, trade played a very important role in their economies and livelihoods. Meanwhile, due to political reasons in Late of Sassanid period, access to the Persian Gulf has been of particular importance. The city of Kuvar was part of the Fars province’s trade route because it led to the Persian Gulf on one side and to the central areas of the empire, for this reason, it has played a colorful role throughout history. Due to the presence of the riverside (Qara-aqag) near this city, the commercial convoys had to use a bridge to cross the river. In this study, attempts to by studying archaeological studies as well as library research investigate the water source of Kuvar city by, the role of Kuvar, bridge in connection with Persian Gulf as well as the etymology of city name. Bridge Kovar’s survival has been one of the possible caravans pass options. By examining the original geographical texts from the early centuries of Islam, as well as examining the current bridge structure, one can infer that this city had a very important role in establishing and sustaining trade from the Sassanid period to the Islamic period. Also, the durability and survival of this city has historically been dependent on water obtained from the Bahman Dam through specific facilities. Accordingly, in the present study, it has been attempted to explain how and these facilities function, as well as, in addition to Paul Kuvar’s ontology of construction technique and its application and performance, based on existing written sources, the landscape of the area has been reviewed and finally Evaluate the results, report the proposed chronology. This study attempts to answer the following questions: How is the main source of water in the city of Kuvar evaluated and what is the mechanism of water transfer to the city of Kuvar? How is the role of Kuvar city as a Midways on the route to the Persian Gulf and Siraf evaluated and the main evidence that what was the significance of the historic bridge of Kuvar?

The Caspian Sea surface has undergone many changes and fluctuations. As the sea level has changed, many postal land has fallen underwater or parts of shallow coastal waters have left the water. In the past ten years, due to changes in the surface water of the Caspian Sea and the drop in water, a number of historic ships have been revealed. Identifying several wooden logs on the banks of Talesh, Rudsar, Neka and the Gulf of Gorgan will provide valuable information on the structure of the Caspian Sea historical ships and shipping. In this paper, which is based on field research and library study, Introducing historic ships that have emerged due to sea-level changes, the lack of older prototypes in this closed sea-due to the absence of monsoon winds, irregular wave movements, the absence of neighboring civilizations, And, consequently, the absence of maritime business routes, the progressive and sequential return of seawater and other factors will be studied. This wood is an imported product and now it comes from Russia to Iran. The oil found in the wood chips seems to have the stability of wood in the presence of water. The drilling of the lower parts of the ship showed that the body of the ship was saturated with water and its texture was sponge-shaped. The enclosure of the Neka coastal shores is made from wood-framed wood of the needle leaf trees, and puts outer-wall nails to vertical beams and internal walls.

The first spark of music in the human mind began with hearing the sound of nature, and it has probably been accompanied by dancing and singing. These acts have been performed at ceremonies, prayers, and perhaps celebrations of the product’s gathering, gradually uniforming they have been creating rhythmic movements, multiplication, and rhythm. They could by playing hand together and body, knocking two sticks together and hitting two hollow logs and any other object get the sound out. They came slowly to assonance and believed that these sounds had magical effects. There are also legends about the emergence of music in different ethnic groups that have been quoted for many years. Among the Lear instrument mad white Apollo casings or back turtle bowls cut by Hemes or the goddess of the sun, and even the Emperor’s chains command, Hakong T is to invent music and imitate the sound of birds with the instrument music. The focus of this research is necked incense, whose works can be found in the art of ancient Ilam and Mesopotamia. The main purpose of this study also focuses on the study and analysis musical instrumentation, its types and methods of construction, and has attempted to explain the necked incense in a field method and library. Also about the turtle found in archaeological excavation, especially in the tombs, and the main trunk of these instruments, in this research has been studied. Two types of necked incense instruments including Melodic structure and Harmonic necked incense were investigated from the author’s point of view, that these instrument are show the evolving music instruments in the present age. The instruments of Tar, Setar, Tanbour, and other instruments are music multiplicative.

In architecture a native of Iran is one of the principles of designing urban spaces people heir. Iranian architect has always been the human needs and demands into consideration. The architect of the past based on the desired climate space architecture in order to provide the human comfort design. Climatic conditions, along with other environmental factors, including the most important factors in the formation of the urban tissue. According to the characteristics of the architecture of the hot and dry climate of the burning sun of Iran and high thermal grade set, one of the last in the direction of the architect prolegomena ghosting in designed and produced Gzarha, awning. The awning are enable in the alley and Gzarha, which is part of Ford’s baths and climatic elements as well as the optimum biological requirements, in addition to making in retrofitting buildings of both sides of the Gzarha role. Unfortunately, nowadays in Iranian architecture, awning, to have been forgotten and the urban tissue of the awning or totally destroyed or have been to have been abandoned. With the recognition and evaluation of the architectural had knowledge of the geometry of the design knowledge can be structural elements of the ‘ climate-and once again, and also can be found in contemporary design and the urban tissue of the upcoming hot and dry climate of these special elements of the template. Between the geometry and the architecture of Yazd Fahadan quarter awnings body, and there is significant direct relationship. Based on the literature reviewed thus far, little research on the subject of the typology of Iranian awning and reviews of this climatic elements-from the perspective of structural knowledge of geometry.

The city has more than one enclosed enclosure inside the barrow, and it introduces more than one area. Cities have seen profound changes in industrial, social, economic, political, and in particular their demographic, in their relatively long history. The oldest cities between the end of the 4th millennium and the beginning of the third millennium BC They emerged in western Asia and in places where their climate was favorable, and the fertile land suitable for cultivation .Also, the city’s urbanization in Iran dates back to the fourth millennium BC, But the process of city formation and the continuity of urbanization has been gradual in its own way. The Iranian city’s security includes the features and values of the architecture and urbanization of Iran, prior to the arrival of Islam. After the arrival of the Arabs in Iran and the formation of a unified Islamic state in the lands under Islamic domination, the emergence of sprouts The early buds of the new towns, these new towns, originated mostly from Islamic teachings, are divided into two main categories Cities left from civilizations before Islam or cities built by Muslims. The Islamic mayor was structurally persistent in the urbanization of the Sasanian era, and its physical elements were mostly derived from culture. The rich are Islam and represent Islamic civilization and culture. One of these cities is Qazvin, whose core was formed during the Shapur Sassanid dynasty and gradually developed and expanded during the Islamic era, and during Safavid times, Shah Tahmasb was chosen as the second capital of this dynasty.

Hamadan great mosque, the oldest mosque in the old urban context, is located between the city market and the central square. This prominent mosque belongs to the early Islamic centuries, which has been rebuilt during various periods, especially the Safavid and Qajar periods, but isn’t remains of the ancient structure of the mosque, and the current structure belongs to the Qajar period. Despite the general features of this work, the shape of the mosque building has a great impact on bringing the building in line with the climate. Now the question arises to what extent has the region’s climate been able to influence the process of mosque formation?  And to what extent does climate modeling ensure the durability of the mosque’s structure? Based on the above questions, the purpose of the present study is to introduce and analyze architecture of great mosque by using descriptive-analytical method and relying on study resources and field studies to provide answers to the questions raised. The result of such a study can be seen in influencing the architectural features of the mosque from the region’s climate; this work, in addition to its religious function, the location of the mosque and its location along the main market of the city, has led the mosque to play an important role. According to the architectural structure of the mosque, the major developments in the building are related to the Qajar and contemporary periods; the structure of the columns of the nave of the mosque, It has a dome, minaret and sangab, and is the only example of a dome mosque of historical value in the urban context of Hamadan.

The Shahnameh of Madhi was painted by ottoman artists in the first half of the seventeenth century. Introducing this book and Studying the paintings is important because ottoman paintings has existed in the history of Islamic art, especially in Iran, because there is a close connection between the Safavi and Ottoman governments that can clarify many issues around the two countries and a historical analysis of the historical name and identity of one of the prestigious manuscripts of the Shahnameh is performed in a language other than Persian abroad. This book is writing in Arabic and in Turkish in Istanbul. The Turkish translation book is one of the Iranian texts with a worldwide reputation. The purpose of this study was to identify and understand the art of the Ottoman period and the impact of Iranian culture and literature on that art. Is referred to the Uppala library repository for reading and researching this book. The library has registered this book as a miniature Shahnameh 29. Original version of the book, for information on the paintings of this book, reference was made to Islamic art books, especially Ottoman painting, especially to the second Ottoman whose writing was commissioned by him.

The coffeehouse painting, a school of oil color narrative painting, was formed in the late Qajar government during the constitution movement by untrained artists in coffeehouses with martial, artistic and religious themes. With the suppression of people’s liberty by such tyrannical government, the constitution revolution led to people’s movement in coffee houses where was made as one of the most important societies in the Qajar era playing a major role in shaping this movement. In the following article, it has been attempted to establish the coffee house as an institution with social and cultural functions in order to strengthen the national and religious spirit of the individuals. The research methodology includes library and field study based on the research of coffeehouse painting, the constitution revolution, and the study of Qajar coffeehouse atmospheres. After having analyzed and adapted the data, the following results are presented: the process of coffeehouse painting in coffee houses during the constitution Revolution was an anti-authoritarian and a critical movement against the Qajar government. Also, the content of the discourse in coffeehouses during the noted regime affected the themes of the paintings with a significant influence on the constitution revolution.