نشریه حدیث حوزه
پیاپی 15 (پاییز و زمستان 1396)

The act or deed of Infallible is one of the most important sources of inference and has an effective role in the discovery of religious teachings. An analysis for references made to act of Infallible indicates the dedication of Shiite scholars to this source of inference. The present research with an analytical-historical method, tries to show the efficacy of an Infallible act in inference of religious teachings, and express the diversity of the effectiveness of this source of inference in different periods. The result of the references to the Infallible act shows that this hadith feature has been considered by the Ahl al-Bayt, companions and Shi'i scholars in the three periods, and has used as the source of inference. Meanwhile, the frequency of references to prophetic acts, as compared to the other Infallibles, indicates a prominent role for the Prophet of Islam in Shi'i thought

The development of a tree for the super knowledge such as hadith sciences and the compiling a knowledge system for it, in order to identify all the existing knowledge and determining the place and type of interaction of each knowledge, as well as the achievement of the development philosophy of knowledge, consider among foundations of every knowledge and its first related issues. The discussion about the system of hadith knowledge is part of the new hadith debate in Shi'a, and Shi'a scholars in recent years have provided several geometrical systems for this kind of knowledge. The purpose of this paper is compiling a rational and accurate system for Shi'a hadith knowledge by looking at philosophy of science and emphasis on active knowledge. Therefore, after explaining the concept of knowledge and determining the area of study, with using the traditions and following the linguistic analysis, this study expresses seven hadith knowledge in a tree system. According to this system, in the area of "issuing and editing", the knowledge includes: the date of hadith issuance, the areas of hadith, and the source study of the hadith; in the area of "validation", the knowledge includes: the men of hadith, critique of hadith, and wisdom of hadith; and the area of "understanding the hadith" includes science of fiqh for hadith. The presentation of the titles of pseudo knowledge is also one of the other aims of this paper, which it leads to collect more than 30 other titles.

In rehearsing the sources of Rijalians, we see adjustment and weakening of a many narrators. It seems that narrators have different types in the view of the Rijalites and the early Mohaddesin (until the fifth century AH). This research tries to find that if it was necessity for the old Rijalites to adjusting and weakening all the narrators, or some of the narrators have a priority about that? This research suggests that in the Rijalites books we see three groups of narratives: narrators for oral hadith, narrators owner of hadith books, and narrators of the ways to hadith books. The Rijalians have less tried to adjusting the narrators of oral hadith and narrators of the ways, and have paid more attention to discussing the classes of these two categories. Also, the weakness for the narrators of the ways, provided that they are well-known to one way of one work, or the great hadith narrators have trusted them and have narrated many hadith from them in the field of the requirements, has no harm to their hadith. But Rijalians have paid a special attention in the area of adjustment to the narrators owner book and the authors.

Dating of hadith is a new topic in contemporary hadith research. Knowing the orientalist approach in dating and analyzing the effectiveness of their methods seems to be necessary; since their endorsement or rejection of their results without familiarity with the Western method of hadith research, would not be possible. Dating based on document analysis, considered as one of these Orientalist approaches in the dating of the hadith. The present paper tries to dating the Hadiths of " رفع عن امتی " as a comparative example for documentary. Choosing this method and this group of hadiths will lead to a clearer picture of the dating topic. Hence, after explaining the method for the documentary dating, the hadiths of " رفع " are explained in the Fariqain, and the hadiths of " رفع عن امتی " in public resources are dated based on document analysis.

The apostasy of the Companions has been one of the doubts that since past to now have been attributed to Shia. One of the sources of this doubt is the hadith of " " ارتد الناس بعد النبی الا ثلاثه [after Prophet, all of people became apostates, except three]. The dignity of Companions and their place in the Quran and traditions, make it necessary to discussion about this hadith. The present writing tries to use the sources, texts and documents in the hadith books; firstly, in order to evaluate this hadith based on issuance, and then in order to explain the meaning of the hadith words and to express the views of the Sunni and Shia scholars. This writing, for the first time, validates the above-mentioned hadith and its implication it, and analyzes it with a narrative - literary method, and by using the textbooks and Quranic - Hadithic implications, would explain the types of apostasy and offers a proportionate meaning to this hadith.

During the history, hadith has suffered from reference and textual damages. This factor has led to some people criticized over the traditions and caused less attention for some people. Identifying the increasing criteria for the validity of the traditions is a necessary requirement. Hadith derivation reveals various documents, multiple sources, various contents and similar texts for each tradition. Of course, this article will examine the content further. Comparing and matching the multiple documents and texts with each other, eliminates many of the apparent and basic problems of tradition and improves its validity. The purpose of this research is to explain the role of hadith derivation in increasing the validity of the hadith and its usefulness in addition to identifying the effective criteria in the validity of tradition, fixing of documentary and textual problems for many hadiths. This research, for the first time, by presenting numerous examples, would prove the role of derivation in the validation of tradition in two areas of the document and text.