فصلنامه روش ها و مدلهای روان شناختی
سال نهم شماره 34 (زمستان 1397)

bullying is one of the problems in teens that can be seen in schools. therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of social skills training on improving social well-being of bullying students. the type of this research is was an experimental study with the pre-test, post-test one with control group design. research population included all male 1th grade secondary school students with bullying (case study: 1th grade male secondary school students with bullying in Tehran city in 2017). research sample included 40 Bullying Students who were selected through accicdental sampling and classified into two groups: experimental group (n=20 subjects) and control group (n=20 subjects). for data collection we used social well-being scale, bully/victim questionnaire. the results of maltivariate analysis of variance (MANCOVA) showed the social skills training positive effect on improving on the social well-being in bullying students. based on the findings of this study can be considered because of that social skills training can develop to adaptive behaviors and empathy. thus, this can result in positive effect on improving on well-being in this students.

The purpose of present study was to determine the effectiveness of Behavior management training for mothers of children with symptoms of attention deficit – hyperactivity on ADHD symptoms of children and mental health of mothers. Thirty four mothers that their children were diagnosed with ADHD were matched and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received a 8 sessions of instruction within the framework of a behavior management training Program. The subjects were assessed by General Health Questionnaire and List the Signs of Child Illness (CSI-4) in 2 sections (before and after treatment). The collected data were then put to the Multivariate Covariance Analysis. Findings show that the instruction has caused significant mental health improvement in the experimental group compared to control group mothers. The behavior management training program was found effective for the mental health of the mothers who had children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Also, results showed that group behavior management training program has led to significant reduction in ADHD index, hyperactivity, oppositional behaviors, cognitive and attention problems in ADHD children. Therefore, the program is recommended to be used for mothers of such children.

In order to evaluate to determine the effect of Personal, situational and psychological traits on behavior impulse buying were conducted. The statistical population of this research is includes customers of retailing industries in Shiraz City and a random sample used to collect information from customers of retailing industries. In this research the variables of Personal traits (Shopping enjoyment and Impulse buying tendency) ,Situational traits (Money availability,Time Availability, Browsing in store,Store Environment ,Group's Buying and direction of sellers) and psychological traits (Emotional intelligence and Self-esteem) were measured and the data were analyzed. For statistical analysis, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics and correlation, hierarchical regression and structural equation modeling was used. The results, a significant relationship between the dimensions of the shopping enjoyment and Impulse buying tendency related to Personal traits and dimensions of the Money availability, Time Availability, Browsing in store, Store Environment, Group's Buying and Direction of sellers related to situational traits and Emotional intelligence related to psychological traits as well as the lack of a significant relationship between the self-esteem of psychological factors on impulse buying

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) training on academic procrastination and adjustment to school among high school girl students. This study was semi-experimental study with two groups and pre-test and post-test. The statistical population of the present study comprised all high school girl students of the 10th grade of Mashhad in the academic year of 1396-97. To select the participants, a random multi-stage cluster sampling method was used. A total of 60 students were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. To collect the data, academic procrastination and adjustment to school questionnaires were used. For data analysis, the method of One-Way Covariance Analysis of Variance (ANCOVA), and Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) were used. The findings showed that the effectiveness of ACT training on academic procrastination, and social, emotional, and academic adjustment were statistically significant (P<0.001). According to the research findings, it can be concluded that ACT training can lead to decreasing academic procrastination and promoting high school students’ social, emotional, and academic adjustment.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of mediation in the components of temperament, character and individual beliefs the relationship between family-social factors and substances use. The research method was descriptive-correlational. All the 18-35 year-old substance consumer men in Qom who were coming to camps and Qom addiction centers in 1396 and 1397, were the statistical population. A sample of 320 people was selected by targeted method. The research tools included High Risk Behaviors Questionnaire for Adults by Mohammad khani, the Causes of substances abuse Tendency Scale by Mohammadi et al., Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory and Luthans Psychosocial Capital Questionnaire. The proposed model was evaluated based on Amos. The model was well suited for fitting goodness indicators. The family had indirect effects on substances use through positive attitude towards substances, self-directiveness and Self-Transcedenc. Friends had indirect effects on substances use through positive attitudes toward substances, harm avoidance and self-directiveness. The substances market indirectly affected substances use through a positive attitude towards substances. positive attitude towards substances and harm avoidance had a direct and positive impact on substances use and self-directiveness and Self-Transcedenc had a direct and significantly negative effect (p≤0/01). The findings were in line with the results of similar previous studies and an important step to explain the factors affecting substances use and a model for designing comprehensive prevention programs for high-risk behaviors.

The purpose of this study was to investigated mediation role of affective regulation (with tow indexes: emotional reactivity and emotional cutoff) in relationship between Attachment Styles (anxiety and avoidance styles) and Negative Perfectionism and Interpersonal Problems. Participants were 220 college students (109 boys, 111 girls) in Azad University were selected by random cluster sampling, with average age 27years. They completed four self-report instruments: Differentiation of Self Inventory, Experience in Close Relationship – Revised (ECR-R), Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale (PANPS( and Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP-32). Data analysis was constructed by structural equation model (SEM). The resulted indicated that attachment styles (anxiety and avoidance styles), both directly and indirectly, through mediating role of affective regulation (emotional reactivity and emotional cutoff) are a significant predictor in negative perfectionism and interpersonal problems. Also emotional reactivity and emotional cutoff directly prediction negative perfectionism and interpersonal problems. Implications and suggestion for future studies are discussed.

Reporting of the effect size in single subject designs that there are different ways to calculate it, has received an increased attention in recent years. The aim of this paper is to describe the calculating of effect size using non-overlap methods that are non-parametric and distribution-free and also evaluate their strengths and limitations. In a AB single subject design, 12 sessions of neurofeedback training were done for an 8-years old child who had reading disorder to determine its effectiveness in improvement of the visuospatial attention. Data was gathered using Posner Test and analyzed using PND, PAND, ECL, PEM, NAP and TAUnovlap methods. The result showed that effect sizes were obtained between 69 to 84% indicating the effectiveness of treatment in improving of visuospatial attention. This paper could be a guideline for researchers and clinicians in using non-overlap methods for calculating the effect size and deciding about the effect of treatment.

The aim of the study was to examine the mediating role of positive and negative affect in the relationship between Big Five personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, conscientiousness) and school-wellbeing. Participants consisted of 474 that were selected among tenth and eleventh grades of Shiraz high school students using multi-stage random sampling and completed Big Five Personality Inventory (short form) (Khormaei & Farmani, 2014), positive and negative affect scale (Watson et al., 1988), and school well-being questionnaire (Konu & Lintonen, 2006). Findings applying structural equation modeling, showed that extraversion, openness to experience, and conscientiousness effects on positive affect were significantly positive. The effect of neuroticism on positive affect was negative and statistically significant, and on negative effect was positive and statistically significant. Moreover, neuroticism, agreeableness, openness to experience, and conscientiousness directly and indirectly with mediation of positive and negative affects could predict school well-being. According to this research findings, it can be concluded that increasing extraversion, openness to experience, and conscientiousness, and decreasing neuroticism in students can enhance their positive affect and school well-being.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between family factors and student's academic behaviors, taking into account the mediating role of individual variables (self-efficacy and self-regulation). The research method used to study the goals and hypotheses of the research was structural equation modeling. The community of this research was all high school students in Shiraz who were studying at a high school in Shiraz during the academic year 1396-1393. 581 respondents answered to school attitudes, school climate, perception of parental relationships, self-regulation, self-efficacy, and motivation for academic achievement.
Data analysis using structural equation modeling in AMOS software confirmed the mediating role of self-efficacy and self-regulating in the relationship between family factors and academic behaviors and the research model has acceptable fit with data. In sum, the individual characteristics of students can mediate the effect of family factors on academic behaviors.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of social skills training on the reduction of symptoms of coping disorder in children. This quasi-experimental study is a pre-test-posttest with control group. The statistical population consisted of girls with disobedience disorder who were referred to Fars Educational Counseling Center. For this purpose, 40 subjects were selected in a randomized sampling method in three experimental groups (each group of 10) and a control group (10 persons). The intervention was provided for 13 sessions for children and 8 for parents. In this research, clinical interviews and CSI-4 (Parent form) children's symptom questionnaire were used to diagnose the disordered coping disorder. The follow-up phase was performed two months after the intervention. Findings based on covariance analysis and LSD test showed that social skills training for children, parents and parent-child has a significant effect on reducing the symptoms of coping disorder in children. Also, the findings in the follow up phase showed that social skills training was effective in controlling the symptoms of childhood disobedience in parents, children and parent-child. The results of this study indicate that social skills training reduces the symptoms of childhood disobedience disorder.