Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research
Volume:4 Issue: 3, Sep 2018

Quality control (QC) procedures should always be performed following radiopharmaceutical preparation and prior to patient administration. The main aim of QC is to ensure optimal radiopharmaceutical product properties except for some short half-life tracers such as some positron emission tomography (PET) imaging probs. by dispensing a radiopharmaceutical of the highest quality the risk of having to repeat a nuclear medicine study due to poorly performing radiopharmaceuticals will be reduced. The existence of radiochemical impurity or impurities in radiopharmaceutical cause unnecessary radiation burden to the patient or undesirable high background without adding to the diagnostic information or improving treatment. Therefore, radiopharmaceuticals quality control is crucial and involves two different aspects including pharmaceutical parameters (such as sterility, bacterial endotoxins/ pyrogens, bioaffinity and biodistribution studies) and radioactive parameters (such as radionuclide and radiochemical purity) and chemical impurity which will be focused on here.

TP53 acts as a tumor suppressor in cancer. It induces cell cycle arrest or apoptosis in response to cellular stress and damage. p53 gene alteration could cause uncontrolled cell proliferation.In the present study, we used TP53 gene as the seed in the construction of a protein-protein functional association network to identify genes that might involve in tumorgenesis process with TP53. TP53 protein interaction database was obtained from STRING version 9.1 program. High-throughput experimental data, literature data and hypothetical studies have been used to determine the roles of candidate genes in TP53 pathway. A total 500 genes from STRING database loaded into Cytoscape version 2.8.3. The 1762 protein interactions were assembled and visualized in y organic form. We found eight specific non-overlapping clusters of various sizes, which emerged from the huge network of protein-interactors using MCODE version 1.32 clustering algorithm. Biological Networks Gene Ontology (BiNGO) was used to determine two ontologies (molecular function and biological process) involved in the protein network. Most of the genes mainly participated in gene and protein expression, cell signaling and metabolism. A better understanding of the relationship between the genes could aid in developing prognostic markers and better therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment.

Several human diseases including, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, neurodegenerative and hepatic diseases are related to destructive effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Antioxidants may provide a possible solution to this problem.This study was carried out to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Celtis australis on CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in mice.
The antioxidant activity of C. australis was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. For evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of extract the animals were pretreated with 200, and 400mg/kg b.w, intraperitoneally of C. australis extract for 7 days and then received CCl4 (0.5 ml/kg b.w, in olive oil). Liver injury was determined by serum biochemical parameters such as Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and glutathione contents of liver tissue and histopathological studies. A significant reduction in the serum biochemical parameters was observed when compared to CCl4 received group(p<0.001). The standard antioxidant used in the study was Ascorbic acid. C. australis extract significantly suppressed the increase in plasma activities of liver enzymes and effectively protected animals against CCl4-induced hepatic tissue damages. This study confirmed the hepatoprotective effect of the hydroalcholic extract of C. australis.

Indonesia has various beneficial plant species which have not been cultivated well yet. Blimbi (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) is among those plants which have antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. As carriers, the nanoparticles of this plant dissolve, trap, encapsulate, and attach the chemical preparation inside its matrix. This study aimed to compare the effect of two forms of the nanoparticles using Blimbi extract (i.e., single state and ointment preparation) on the antibacterial activity against bacteria. In this experimental study, the Blimbi extract changed to nanoparticles followed by a drying process using a drier spray. Afterwards, the nanoparticles were tested for antibacterial activity and mixed with an ointment base. The Blimbi extract was formulated in a form of absorbent ointment preparation with dark brown color and unique fragrance with pH of 6.42-6.80 and spread ability of 6.16-6.90 mm. According to the results, the diameters of the inhibition zone of nanoparticles using Blimbi extract on S. aureus and E. coli were 20 and 19.75 mm, respectively. The nanoparticles levels were higher in E. coli (12.25 mm) than those in S. aureus (15.50 mm). Meanwhile, the nanoparticles levels in ointment preparation were 15.84 and 14.73 mm for S. aureus and E. coli. The nanoparticles using Blimbi extract and the ointment using Blimbi extract were safe and did not irritate the skin