مجله مطالعات علوم پزشکی
سال بیست و نهم شماره 11 (بهمن 1397)

  Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease that is manifested in the form of frequent seizures and accompanied by changes in behavior, sensation, perception, learning, and memory. Different findings indicate that discharge seizure in different parts of the brain affects the Executive functions, and also prevents processing in complex individual behaviors. The purpose of this study was to compare Executive functions in patients with epilepsy (tonic-clonic, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy) and healthy subjects. In this casual-comparative study, convenience sampling method was used. The study population consisted of all epileptic patients referring to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia and the study sample included 133 participants (N= 73 Patients and N= 60 healthy subjects) aged 18-35 years. Among the patients, 14 participants were excluded due to lack of selection criteria and 59 participants (N= 29 with myoclonic and N= 30 with Tonic-clonic epilepsy) remained in the study.
Data regarding Examination neurophysiology was gathered by Tower of Hanoi (seven motor) to evaluate the Executive functions, and analyzed by Multivariate analysis of variance and Scheffé post - hoc test was used for independent groups. The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed a significant difference between both group in the six and seven motor (p<0/01). The Scheffé post - hoc test also revealed that there was no significant difference (p> 0.05) between the two groups in the tonic-clonic epilepsy and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy in the Executive functions. Findings indicate that the Executive functions the tonic-clonic epilepsy and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy is lower than that of healthy subjects. These findings confirmed previous findings that cognitive functions deteriorate in patients with epilepsy.

A The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between parents' ABO and Rh blood groups on the secondary sex ratio and location of the placenta (as a mediator between blood groups and sex ratio), due to the existence of evidence that the implantation site and embryo gender are related.

200 neonates born during 2014 to 2016 at Al-Zahra Hospital of Miandoab were collected through referral to mothers' case or by completing the questionnaire by telephone interview and analyzed in a multiple logistic regression model.

In numerical view, the highest ratio of secondary sex ratio was observed in infants born to mothers with AB type blood group (1.750) and the lowest was in infants born to mothers with B (0.720) and O (0.718) blood groups (p> 0.05). Mothers with Rh- had a greater bias in having a girl, while mothers with Rh+ showed normal distribution in their children sex ratio (p<0.05). In families with Rh- mother and Rh+ father had more girls 6 times than normal sex ratio (p< 0.05). In fathers with AB blood group, the odds ratio of anterior placenta by their children in the mother's uterus was more than 4 times that of other ABO blood groups (p<0.05). There was no significant association between maternal and paternal Rh blood groups with the location of their children’s placental (p> 0.05).

To confirm the hypothesis that the paternal or maternal ABO blood-type affects the secondary sex ratio through implantation of the fetus (location of the placenta), future research is required in different populations with larger sample sizes.

  Obesity is a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases; it can in part be explained by a disturbance in the blood hemostasis. The balance of the coagulation and fibrinolysis factors has an important role in maintaining hemostasis. Thus, the aim of this study was to modulate blood hemostasis by concurrent training in obese women with low-mobility. 20 women (25-30 years, BMI>30 kg/m2) with low mobility were randomly divided into control and concurrent training groups. Concurrent training was performed at 23 minutes sub-maximal aerobic training, two sets with 10 repetitions of 10RM resistance exercise for 8 weeks. Coagulation and fibrinolysis factors were measured using the ELISA kits. Analysis of data performed using dependent t-test and Analysis of variance. In concurrent training, fibrinolysis factors like t-PA (p=0.001), plasminogen, and D-dimer (p=0.001) increased significantly. Coagulation factors (fibrinogen and PTT) decreased significantly (p=0.001); however, PAI-1 (p=0.001) and PT (p=0.001) increased significantly. The results of this study showed that fibrinolysis factors affected by concurrent training because, in this type of training, the combination of the effect of aerobic training on plasma volume and resistance training on blood proteins improves fibrinolysis. Further studies are suggested about the effect of this type of training on coagulation factors.

  Previous studies showed that alteration in scapular kinematic may cause changes in clavicle and shoulder and finally lead to disorders in the upper quarter. To expand treatment options for patients with forwarding head and shoulder posture, this study investigated the effects of scapular stabilization and conscious control training on clavicle selected kinematic variables in in this semi-experimental study, forty-four female subjects with scapula dyskinesis (inferior angle & medial border pattern) were randomly assigned to 3 groups: stabilization (n=15), conscious control (n=15) and control (n=14). All the subjects were tested (i.e., a pre-test and a post-test) for investigating the degree of disorder in the clavicular kinematic (using motion analysis system). Then, the subjects in scapular stabilization and conscious control were trained three days a week for six weeks (45 minutes for each session). The paired t-test and analysis of covariance were used for statistical analysis. There were significant within-group changes in angle of clavicle (90 degrees) in the conscious group (p=0.028) but no significant differences were observed in stabilization and control groups. There were significant differences between conscious and stabilization study groups, but only conscious group demonstrated significant differences when compared to the control and stabilization groups. No significant changes were observed for other degrees (p>0.05). The findings of the present study supports the effectiveness of conscious exercise-therapy in improving clavicular kinematic. Based on the data average changes in pre-test and post-test of both groups, it can be claimed that conscious control and stabilization protocol training improves the orientation and motion of the clavicle in patients with scapular dyskinesis. The use of scapular conscious control and stabilization training along with other exercise-therapy protocols of shoulder complex is suggested for improving scapular and clavicular kinematic in patients with scapular dyskinesis

  Behavioral disorders such as anxiety and depression are often experienced by several forms of epilepsy. Since the kindling process, as a model of temporal lobe epilepsy produces behavioral impairment, the present research was designed to evaluate the anxiety and depressive like behaviors induced by hippocampal rapid kindling.
Material & Twenty-one male wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control (intact animals), sham operation (without any stimulation) and kindled animals. Seven days after electrode implantation in CA1 region of hippocampus, threshold intensity was determined. In the next day, animals in the kindled group were stimulated in a rapid kindling manner (12 times/day) for six days with the following protocol: 3s train of 50 Hz monophasic pulses of 1ms duration with the threshold intensity at 10 minutes intervals. Finally anxiety and depressive like behaviors were assessed respectively by the elevated plus maze (EPM), open field in the 6th day and forced swim test (FST) in the following day. The results of this experiment showed that the hippocampal kindling increased open arms (OAs) entries percentage (P=0.005) and OAs exploration percentage (P=0.02), jumping from apparatus and rearing in open field box compared to sham group (P=0.006). Also the latency to first immobility in kindled group decreased significantly (P=0.000) whereas the duration of immobility increased significantly in comparison to the sham group (P=0.000). It seems that kindling enhances excitatory processes or disturbs neuronal inhibition which leads to emotional disturbances such as anxiety and depressive like behavior in animals

  Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), occurs more commonly in children with type 1 DM.Treatment requires careful replacement of fluid and electrolyte deficits, intravenous administration of insulin, and close monitoring of clinical and biochemical parameters. In this retrospective study, all patients who were diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis in Tabriz PediatricHospital from 2004 to 2014 were analyzed based on age, gender, labratory profile, duration, and complication of DKA, particulary cerebral edema.
All datas were collected and analyzed by the software and were analyzed using SPSSversion16. Of 262 patients studied, 52.8% were female and 47.1%were male. The mean age of patients was 7.01±3.7 years, and 43.8% of patients were ≤5 years old. During the treatment, the means of glucose and potassium reduction were 171.2 ±70mg/dl and 0.71meq/L, respectively. The hypokalemia was seen in 39 cases. The mean of sodium and bicarbonate increase were 2.4± 1.1and 7.27±2.5 meq/L, respectively. The mean recovery time of DKA in patients was 14.7±6.2 hours.There were no mortalities in our study. Cerebral edema was seen in 4(1.52%) of patients. In our study the prevalence of DKA was higher in younger children. The hypokalemia was the most common electrolyte imbalance and no specific risk factor was observed in patient complicated with cerebral edema.

  Suicide is a major challenge in health of the community, and the rate of suicide is one of the signs of a depressive disorder. On the other hand, there are hypotheses that blood cholesterol levels affect depression, but it is not clear that how much of it is related to suicide attempts. Therefore, the present study was carried out to determine the relationship between serum level of cholesterol and depression in patients referred to the Toxicology Ward of Taleghani University Hospital in Urmia, 2018. This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with 180 subjects. The demographic and Beck Depression Inventory and a checklist for controlling serum cholesterol levels were used and data were analyzed by SPSS version18. The prevalence of suicide in females was 54.4% and 45.6% in males, of which 82% were in the 15 to 24 years old age group. About 85.9% of the victims had mild to severe depression and their mean serum cholesterol level was 147 ± 35mg /dl. On the other hand, there was not any relationship between cholesterol level with age, depression, suicide attempt rate, suicide attempts, and suicidal tendency (p ≤ 0.05), but there was a relationship between cholesterol level and suicide rate (p = 0.002). Perhaps blood cholesterol cannot be considered as a definitive cause of depression or suicide. However, consideration of the role of depression as a risk factor for suicide commitment is necessary. In order to prevent this social problem, it is necessary to pay attention to the promotion of mental health and the use of a variety of treatments for mental disorders.

Background & Aimse: The present study was designed and implemented to compare the functional and neurological functions of depressed patients (with and without suicidal ideation) withnormal subjects. This study was a descriptive causal comparison study. Of depressed patients referred to Imam Sajjad Naja Hospital from AugusttoOctober, 2016; 66 subjects (N= 33 with suicidal thoughts and N=33 without suicidal thoughts) volunteered and were selected based on Morgan't Table. These subjects were compared with 33 normal subjects. In all of the samples, Beck Depression Inventory, Blood Detection Questionnaire, Stroop Word Computer Test, Wisconsin Card Classification Test, and Neurological Evaluation Scale were performed. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. ANOVA and Scheffe post hoc test were utilized to analyze the data. The results showed that depression group with suicidal thoughts in sub-scales of concentration and in the subsurface of Stroop's color interference score got higher scores than depressed group without suicidal ideation and normal subjects (0.01).The depressed group with suicidal thoughts in the subsurface of the time of interference with the color of the word "Stroop" and in the neurological functions of the ratio of the normal group got higher scores. (0.01). The results of this study showed that there is a significant difference between depressed suicidal thoughts, depressed suicidal ideation and normal group in neurological and executive functions.