Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences
Volume:2 Issue: 2, Spring 2017

Oral candidiasis is the most common fungal disease, and it is often considered as a local opportunistic infection. Oral candidiasis is usually treated with local use of antifungal medications. Since probiotic bacteria have the ability to inhibit the growth of pathogens and modulate human immune responses, they could provide new possibilities in antifungal therapy. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of probiotic yoghurt on the frequency of salivary candida. This randomized double-blind crossover clinical trial involved 34 healthy adults divided to two groups: 17 subjects in case group (probiotic yoghurt) and 17 subjects in control group (regular yoghurt). At the beginning of the experiment and after 3 weeks of intervention (consumption of regular or probiotic yoghurt), saliva samples were collected from both groups and candida colonies were counted. After a two-week wash out period, the groups were interchanged (crossover study design), and the sampling process was repeated. The data were analyzed using Mann-U-Whitney and Chi-square tests. The level of significance was set at p<0/05. Variations of salivary candida equaled 1.8±9.3 cfu/ml in regular yoghurt group and -3.8±7.9 cfu/ml in probiotic yoghurt group (p=0.01). The amount of salivary candida decreased in 47% of the cases in probiotic yoghurt group and in 29.4% of the cases in regular yoghurt group (p=0.07). The results of the present study showed that short-term consumption of probiotic yoghurt decreases the frequency of salivary candida colonies after 3 weeks.

The most common form of periodontitis is chronic periodontitis, which is a destructive inflammatory disease of periodontal tissues and is usually associated with pocket formation, changes in density and height of alveolar bone, and sometimes gingival recession. Some patients are resistant to periodontitis treatment due to a weak immune system, smoking, and sometimes due to unknown reasons. Moreover, surgery is impossible in some cases; therefore, clinicians have to approach alternative methods such as laser therapy to achieve successful treatment outcomes. Since there are great differences among the results of previous clinical trials, a review study to investigate the materials and methods section of these studies seems necessary in order to find the reason of the controversies. The methodology of all the intervention studies that have evaluated the effect of diode laser on periodontitis treatment from 1997 to 2017 were examined and the results were reported. randomized controlled trials should comply with the correct protocol. All the details of the treatment protocol and severity of periodontitis should be recorded in order to achieve reliable results. It can be concluded that the results of some of the reviewed studies are not reliable.

Many studies have shown that various fluoride-containing products can change salivary fluoride concentration. Nowadays, different kinds of topical fluoride gels and foams are used to prevent dental caries. The aim of this study was to evaluate salivary fluoride concentration following the application of 3 different fluoride containing materials at different follow-up intervals. In this cross over clinical trial, 12 dentistry students with the mean age of 25.66±2.4 years participated. They had no dental caries or fluoride-containing restorations, and they had not received any kind of fluoride treatment ,recently. Each participant was entered in 3 intervention sessions in which Topexâ APF gel, Topexâ APF foam and Cina APF gel were applied followed by a one-week washout period. Before starting the treatment, unstimulated saliva samples were collected. Saliva samples were also collected at 1, 15, 30, and 60 minutes after the treatment, and fluoride concentrations were evaluated by using the ion specific electrode method. Data were analyzed by the use of Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn multiple comparison tests. Salivary concentration was in the maximum range at minute one, after using each type of fluoridated products evaluated in this survey, and it decreased gradually to minute 60. There was a significant statistical difference in fluoride concentration at minutes 1 and 60 after using Topex âAPF gel in comparison with Topexâ APF foam and Cina APF gel. Furthermore, significant statistical differences in salivary fluoride concentration were reported following the application of Topexâ APF gel, Cina APF gel and Topexâ APF foam (p<0.001). There were no significant differences between Cina APF gel and Topex âAPF foam. The results of the present study revealed that Topex âAPF foam at minute one and Cina APF gel at minute 60 induced higher salivary fluoride concentrations in comparison with the other studied fluoride-containing products.

The main factor that influences the durability of dental restorations is secondary caries. Antibacterial activity of dental materials is important from the clinical aspect, as it might inhibit recurrent caries. The aim of the present study was to compare the antibacterial activity of four fluoride-releasing dental cavity liners against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Lactobacillus casei (L. casei). In this experimental in-vitro study, the agar diffusion test was used to compare the antibacterial efficacy of four dental cavity liners against S. mutans and L. casei. Indicator strains of S. mutans (ATCC35668) and L. casei (ATCC393) were obtained in the form of lyophilized culture. They were grown separately in 15 ml of Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) agar at 37 °C for 48 hours. Antibacterial activities of Ionobond (VOCO), Ionoseal (VOCO), Ionosit (DMG), and Vitrebond (3M) dental cavity liners were evaluated at 24 and 48 hours and at 7 days by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone in millimeters (mm). Data were collected and analyzed using the repeated measure ANOVA and T-test. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. The antibacterial efficacy of the four studied dental cavity liners differed at different time intervals (p<0.001), but there were no statically significant differences in the antibacterial activity against the two bacteria types (p=0.342), or between the four types of dental cavity liners (p=0.07). According to the results of the present research, the antibacterial activities of Ionobond, Ionoseal, Ionosit and Vitrebond dental cavity liners were not significantly different and decreased over time.

Following a correct biopsy protocol is crucial for accurate diagnosis of oral and maxillofacial lesions. Pre-analysis technical errors during preparation and submission of biopsies can jeopardize the diagnostic process and the related treatment plan. The aim of the present study was to evaluate pre-analysis technical errors in the biopsy samples submitted to an oral and maxillofacial pathology laboratory. In this descriptive study, 166 biopsy samples submitted to the oral and maxillofacial pathology laboratory of the dental branch of Islamic Azad University of Tehran in 2013 were assessed. 13 samples were excluded due to incomplete information. 153 samples were evaluated and compared to the standard criteria with regard to four fields including: biopsy request form, storage solution, container, and quality. The frequency of errors was reported with 95% confidence interval. No errors were detected in 19 samples (12.4%); whereas, 123 samples (80.4%) had incomplete biopsy request forms, 7 samples (4.6%) had been kept in improper storage media, 2 samples (1.3%) had unsuitable containers, and 2 biopsies (1.3%) had poor quality. It seems that failure to submit a complete biopsy request form is the most common technical error, which indicates the need for periodic retraining and updates regarding the biopsy protocols.

Study guide is a tool for establishing the student-centered learning process. It is an assortment for directing the student in the management of his learning by foreseeing educational obligations, aims and contents. Considering the important role of study guides in students' learning process, the aim of the present study was to explain the point of view of dental students towards the study guide of the oral medicine course. This study was performed in two phases: 1-compilation of a study guide for the practical oral medicine course, and 2- implementation of the study guide by 73 dental students, evaluation of their point of view towards its items, and also estimation of their level of satisfaction. 48.6% of the participants were completely satisfied, 18.1% were moderately satisfied; whereas, 6.9% were unsatisfied with the study guide. 26.4% of the students had left the open questions unanswered. 71.2% of the students needed some examples for implementing theoretical lessons in the clinical setting. Few students felt the need to know about the role of the department's personnel. A high percentage of the students were moderately or completely satisfied with the study guide. They believed that the study guide has improved their learning process, and has even resulted in higher final scores. Knowing the opinion of students is useful for revision and improvement of the study guide.

Ossifying fibroma (OF) is a benign fibro-osseous lesion, which is usually diagnosed between the ages of 20 and 40 years. The female to male ratio is 5:1, with affinity for posterior mandibular region. The aim of the present report is to discuss a case of OF and its clinical, radiological and pathological characteristics and the related surgical approach. A left mandibular impacted premolar with an associated lesion was incidentally found on a radiograph of a 27-year-old woman. The patient did not report any clinical symptoms. Inferior alveolar nerve involvement by the lesion was obvious in radiographic study. The tooth was extracted and the associated lesion was enucleated under general anesthesia through step-by-step surgery and after releasing the inferior alveolar nerve. Surgical treatment of Ossifying fibroma consists of enucleation and curettage in small and well-defined lesions, while larger lesions are usually resected. Prognosis is good with a low recurrence rate even with enucleation and after long-term follow-up.