مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال بیست و ششم شماره 11 (پیاپی 147، بهمن 1397)

the adipose tissue produces and releases peptides that contribute to various processes in body, including insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of continuous aerobic training and high intensity interval training on Resistin and insulin levels and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic male wistar rats. Twenty-four Wistar rats became diabetic in seven months. In next phase, after introducing with training environment, Wistar rats were randomly assigned into three equal groups of six each: control, continuous (20 minutes, 60% maximum speed) and intense interval (2 minutes of activity with 80% maximum speed, 2 minutes recovery with 30% maximum speed). The rats trained five time a week for eight weeks. Resistin gene expression and plasma insulin and glucose levels were measured before and after eight weeks. One-way ANOVA was used at P<0.05 for statistical analysis of data. regardless the type of training, differences between pre and post training results was statistically significant for insulin, glucose, insulin resistance and Resistin (P<0.05). Interval training lead to significant changes in all factors except the Resistin gene expression (P<0.05). There was a significant relationship between changes in insulin resistance and Resistin gene expression (r=0.63). The results of this study showed that training is an effective factor in insulin resistance process and related factors in diabetes, and Resistin also play a role in this process, but it seems that regular training is more important factor than its type to change the Expression of Resistin.

 Common cancer treatment methods have many side effects. Therefore, the use of new methods for drug delivery to cancer cells is necessary. In the present study, nano formulations of lipid carriers containing doxorubicin have been synthesized and its physicochemical properties have been investigated. The present study was an experimental study. The liposomal systems were synthesized by the method of thin-film hydration and using Tween-20, cholesterol and soybean phosphatidylcholine. After loading Doxorubicin drug into the liposomes, physiochemical properties of nano-carriers were determined from the perspective of encapsulation efficiency, drug release profile under healthy and cancerous cells condition, hydrodynamic diameter, zeta potential, morphology and IR spectra. The liposomal system had 132.9 nm in diameter, the encapsulation 93.74% and -38.73±0.18mV zeta potential. The maximum release of drug from the nano-carrier under conditions 37°C, pH=7.4 and 42°C, pH=5.4 and 37°C, pH=5.4 after 72 hours was 36.54% and 74.18% and 55.9% respectively. SEM and IR assessments revealed spherical morphology and the absence of chemical interaction between nano-carrier and drug. The result of this research indicates that the liposomal system, having the appropriate physiochemical properties, has not changed the chemical nature of drug and thus can be a suitable and semi-targeted carrier for doxorubicin.

 Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder, which may be accompanied by reduction in quality of life.The purpose of this study was to study the effect of education during discharge on the quality of life in the patients with schizophrenia. The present study was an experimental study and research community is of the patients at the Comprehensive Psychiatric Center of Yazd Province, Iran. In this study, the patients (two experimental and control groups, n= 32 in each group) with schizophrenia were admitted to the Comprehensive Psychiatric Center of Yazd Province. For the experimental group, in addition to routine programs, the discharge program was performed for 6 hours in the hospital and a routine program was performed for the control group. Quality of life was measured with the quality of life inventory in both groups before the intervention and one month after discharge. Statistical analysis was performed by paired T test and independed T test(version 16) The groups were matched for demographic variables and quality of life score. At the end of the study, the quality of life and social skills (P <0.001) were significantly improved in the experimental group, but there was no significant change in the control group (P>0.05). Increasing the quality of life is the benefits of training during discharge, which is important due to the chronic course of schizophrenia

 Crataegus oxycanta (hawthorn) is used in herbal and homeopathic medicine as a cardiotonic.The present study was done to investigate the effect of the Crataegus oxycanta on antioxidant status in induced myocardial infarction in rat. In this experimental study, four groups of wistar rats (200-220g) each comprising 10 animals, were selected for this study. Group I, rats served as control. Group II rats were given isoperternol (85mg/kg body weight) subcutaneously on 15th and 16th days. Group III rats were given Crataegus oxycanta (100mg/kg/day), orally for 30 days. Group IV rats were given Crataegus oxycanta (100mg/kg/day), orally for 30 days and isoperternol (85mg/kg body weight, subcutaneously) was given on 15th and 16th days. At the end of the experimental period, the rats were anaesthetized and blood obtained from the heart then rats were sacrificed and the hearts were removed for biochemical and histological analysis. The activity of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and total antioxidants was studied. Descriptive one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used in different group. Significance was defined as P ≤ 0.05. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 16. Crataegus significantly reduced plasma and heart tissue MDA levels (p<0.05) and significantly increased catalase, SOD, GPX and total antioxidant levels versus the group that received only isoperternol (p<0.05 ). Crataegus also decreased the rate of edema, inflammatory cell infiltration and heart tissue necrosis compared to the group that received only isoperternol. The study confirms the protective effect of Crataegus oxycanta against tissue damage and oxidative stress caused by isoperternol induced myocardial infarction

 Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers. It is the third leading cause of cancer related death. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition of ethanolic and aqueous Glycyrrhiza glabra root extracts its apoptotic effects against human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cell line. In the current experimental study, the phyochemical composition of aqueous and ethanolic Glycyrrhiza glabra extract was evaluated by GC/MS method. The HepG2 cells were grown in RPMI1640 supplemented with 10 % (v/v) FBS at 37°C with 5 %carbon dioxide (CO2) atmosphere. The cytotoxicity activities of extracts were measured using MTT after 24 hours. To evaluate the ability of extracts to trigger apoptosis in HepG2 cells, the Hosest8778 staining method was carried out. The phytochemical data of aqueous extract revealed 18 compounds, including Dodecane (13.34%) and 2',6'-Dihydroxyacetophenone bis (trimethylsilyl) ether (12.48%) as the major constitutes. The chemical composition of ethanolic extract showed 17 compounds, including Pentadecane (7.78%), 2,6,11,15-Tetramethylhexadecane (4.67%) as the prominent compounds. The MTT results revealed that the extract-treated cells had a dose-related toxicity effects. The results of Hoechst 33258 staining showed that the nuclear DNA fragmentation was increased in the ethanolic extract treatment compared to aqueous extract. The ethanolic extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra possesses more apoptotic effect on cancer cells and further researches are needed for investigating its potential mechanism

 Cataract is a common surgery in older people. Nausea is an unpleasant feeling after general anesthesia that may cause serious effects on such patients. This article aimed to study the effect of pressure pericardium 6 on nausea after cataract surgery in elderly patients in the Khalili Hospital, Shiraz, Iran, in 1395. This randomized double-blind clinical trial was done on 50 elderly patients in the intervention group and 50 in the control group. An hour before the surgery, the patients closed a 30-band wristband containing a push-button at the point (P6), and in the control group, the same wristband was closed without a button. Five hours after the induction of general anesthesia, the wristband was removed from both groups and nausea level of the patients were recorded immediately after their recovery at 8 and 12 hours after the surgery. After 5 weeks, the data were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 16 and independent T-test (P-value < 0.05) . The results showed the meaningful difference in average severity and frequency of nausea 8 hours after cataract surgery in two groups (p<0.01). But the severity of nausea immediately and 12 hours after cataract surgery was not significantly different in both groups (p>0.159). The finding showed that acupressure is effective in reducing the severity of nausea after cataract surgery. Due to low cost, low complication and simplicity of acupressure, it can be recommended as a way of caring by nurses and other medical staff in reducing nausea.

Cancer has been known as one the main causes of the death in the world. In recent researches, discovery of effective, selective and safe medications is a priority and emergency. In recent reports, the role of lipoxygenases (LOX) has been confirmed in neoplastic diseases. Some isoenzymes such as 5, 12 and 15 have more importance in the neoplasia. According to the efficacy of naphthalimides as LOX inhibitor, herein we explored the cytotoxicity of naphthalimide derivatives. A basic study was carried out in the current research. The cytotoxicity of a new series of naphthalimide-based 15-LOX-1 inhibitors was evaluated in three cancerous cell lines namely SKNMC (neuroblastoma), PC3 (prostatic cancer), HT29 (colorectal cancer) using MTT protocol and the obtained data was compared to doxorubicin. Calculation of the IC50 of tested compounds was performed by regression analysis using Prism-6 software. Totally, all tested compounds exhibited inferior activity than doxorubicin towards HT-29, SKNMC and PC3 cell lines. SKNMC cell line rendered more sensitivity to tested compounds. Amongst the compounds 3a-3m, compound 3e (3-methoxy) and 3i (4-F) with IC50 = 5.92±1.78 µM and 10.04±1.7 µM were the most potent derivatives towards PC3 cells. Although all compounds did not exert more potency in comparison with doxorubicin, some of them showed remarkable cytotoxicity. The potent derivatives could be introduced as novel lead compounds for development of new anticancer drugs.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of short-term microinjection of Ferula szowitsiana extract on the process of spatial memory and lipid peroxidation in the hippocampus in an experimental model of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). In this experimental study, 35 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups. Each group has 7 rats. These groups were included control, sham, model of MS and MS groups with plant extract treatments. In the experimental model of MS groups, induction of MS was carried out by single injection of ethidium bromide (EB) into the hippocampus. One week after MS induction by EB (0.01 %), the MS groups were treated by Ferula szowitsiana extract (5 and 10 μg/rat) for 3 consecutive days. Finally following the treatment period, for measuring spatial memory, Morris Water Maze test was carried out and the hippocampus of both sides were dissected and used for measurement of Malondialdehyde (MDA). The results showed that in the experimental model of MS group travelled distance (1022.44±53.29) and escape latency (41.30±3.29) increased compared to travelled distance (885.94±29.56) and escape latency (36.26±0.65) in the control group (p<0.001). Short-term treatment by Ferula szowitsiana extract in this models decreased the travelled distance (838.39±24.16) and escape latency (39.87±1.24) (P<0.001). MDA increased in the experimental model of MS group (3.8±0.51) compared to the control group (0.68±0.13) (p<0.001) and in the Ferula treated group (0.34±0.04) decreased compared to the MS animals (P<0.001). Treatment with Ferula szowitsiana extract is able to prevent memory and learning reduction, through inhibition of lipid peroxidation in an experimental model of MS.