نشریه اکوبیولوژی تالاب
سال دهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 38، زمستان 1397)

To conserve and manage wetland resources, it is important to inventory and monitor wetlands and their adjacent uplands. Satellite remote sensing has several advantages for monitoring wetland resources. Therefore, in order to implement better management and in order to protect the wisely of Miankaleh wetland, the evaluation and monitoring of the dynamic changes of this wetland using satellite imagery and remote sensing was done. For this purpose, the Landsat images (OLI and ETM sensors) of 15 years’ timescale (2001 -2016) provided. After geometric and atmospheric correction of these images, supervised classification with maximum likelihood method was done and these images were classified in to 5 classes Including bayer and wet lands, man making, vegetation, agriculture and aquatic zone. The results showed that there was a wide change in the wetland’s area during the 15-year period Due to land use changes and contamination has been caused. During the study period, the aqutic zone has been reduced by 11879 hectares and wetlands with the highest area of 5.52 Percent and vegetation cover with 0.55 Percent of the least increase in area. As a result, due to the process of changes in the level of the wetland, it is necessary to prevent the destruction and destruction of this wetland with proper and integrated management and planning.

Sistan plain, the most populated human ecosystem in east Iran, is a wide low slope region of which a great portion is shaped by Hamoun lakes’ bed. This region is frequently exposed to vigorous winds, including the 120 days wind. During the last 5 year period, with the spread of drought and the emptying of Hamoonchr('39')s lake bed, winds and consequently, ascents and dispersal of dust in the region has exacerbated, both in duration and vigor. This research studies the risk ranking of wind sediment dispersion effect on the eyes and respiratory system of Sistan citizens. The research uses a survey/descriptive method by referring to medical documents and the frequency of citizens’ refers to healthcare centers. The analysis of research findings shows that there is a statistically meaningful correlation between wind sediment dispersion severity in the region and citizens’ refer to healthcare centers due to eye discomforts and respiratory difficulties. Sistan’s human ecosystems’ ranking based on concurrent eye discomfort and respiratory difficulties due to wind sediment dispersion in the environmental for the citizens exposed to Dust dispersion, is respectively, include the rural areas Dehno-piran, Bazzi-allari, Muhammad-shah-karam and Abbas-rostam.

Wetlands are known as sensitive ecosystems, which today have high amounts of heavy metals due to increased population, and the releases of wastewater from different industrial activities such as agriculture, metallurgy, and petroleum refinery. Heavy metals can affect on the ecology of wetlands due to persistence and accumulation in the organisms. Bacteria are suitable adsorbent of metal ions due to well adaptability of them in the aquatic environment and high surface ratio to volume. In this study, Halomonas sp. bacteria used for evaluating the optimized pH, temperature, and salinity parameters, these bacteria were sampled and isolated from Miankaleh wetland in depth of 10-15 cm of surface water from 5 stations in October 2015. For determination of optimized pH, temperature and salinity for Cadmium adsorption experiment carried out for pH 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, and temperature 10, 20, 30, and 40°C and NaCl 5, 10, 20, 15 and 20%, respectively. Finally, the remained cadmium concentrations in the solutions were measured by Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The results have shown that the best growth of this bacteria occurred on the 10% salinity and this bacteria was tolerant to 60 mg/l cadmium metal. Moreover, present study showed Halomonas sp. bacteria can be used as biosorbent for removal of cadmium metal from aquatic environments. Thus, these bacteria can be used for wastewater treatments containing high concentration of cadmium metal and also for recycling of this metal in different industries.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of formic acid, potassium Di format and formic acid nano-chitosan solution application on different growth factors and body composition of common carp. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete design with 10 treatments and three replications. In total, 450 common carp fingerlings (10 treatment × 15 fish in each tank× 3 replication) with an initial average body weight (BW) of 16.5±0.5 g were studied. The treatments were included i) three diets supplemented with formic acid nano –chitosan solution levels, ii) three formic acid levels, iii) three potassium Di format levels using commercial feed as 0.25, 0.5, 0.75% of diet and also one treatment as control that were fed with commercial feed without additive. Fish in the experimental treatments were fed for 8 weeks ad libitum. Effects of the treatments on growth performance, and body composition of common carp (Cyprinus carpio fingerlings) were evaluated. Results showed that formic acid, potassium Di format and nano-chitosan acidifier as 0.75% level had negative effects on final fish weight and special growth rate compared with control group (P<0.05). On the other hand, the highest amount of food converstion ratio was observed in formic acid, potassium Di format and nano-chitosan acidifier treatmenys as 0.75% level of diets compared with control group (P<0.05). In this study, the protein and fat contents of the whole body were significantly different among treatments (P<0.05) and the beneficial effect of the diets was observed in the level of 0.25% formic acid nano-chitosan Solution. The results showed that survival rate was not significantly different between the treatments and control group (P>0.05). Therefore, in order to improve the biochemical composition of the body, it is recommended to use 0.25% Formic acid Nano-Chitosan Solution in common diets of common carp.

Among the aquatic ecosystems, wetlands are ecologically and environmental important because they are as: the place of accumulation and acceptance of nutrients and non-Nutrients, the protection of biodiversity of animals and plants, natural purification of water quality, the Effects of Micro-Climi in the region, play an effective role. So, evaluation the quality chemical, physical and water is essential for quality control, pollution control and biodiversity conservation. qualitative in dicators and hydrological bulletin are the methods that can be used as a strong management tool for decision making on qualitative and quantitative water resources management. Poldokhtar County has 11 wetlands with 8 permanent and 3 seasonal wetlands, known as the wetland city of iran. in this research, which was held in the summer of 2017, water qualitative water quality index (WQI) was used to determine the quality of drinking water and aquatic ecosystems based on the calculation of nine physical and chemical parameters of water including Nitrite(NO2), Nitrate(NO3), Alkalinity, Hardness(Mgca), Turbidity(TURB), Electrical Conductivity(EC), Dissolved Oxygen(DO), Acidity(PH) and biological oxygen demand(BO), The Statistics of Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Water in Wetlands in Summer of 2017 In order to estimate annual water volume in wetlands, rainfall data, surface runoffs and groundwater nutrition as inputs of water and only water outlet of evaporation wetland, 2005 as normal precipitation, 1993 and 2008, were very severe droughts, and physiographic characteristics of the catchment area and Water balance equation were used. the results of this study based on the WQI index and the hydrological bulletin showed that their water quality of drinking water is in the good and poor classes, and in terms of ecologically clean water, the changes volume and area of the annual water area of the wetlands in the year extreme drought and fatigue, 1747545 cubic meter, 29.89 Hectares is showing.

Today, importance of wetlands stability has increased greatly. So that, unstable wetlands have many destructive effects on societies. In this study, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach was used to determine the weight of different factors that impact wetland ecosystems in 2016. To fully reflect the stability of the Shadegan wetland have been prepared 84 questionnaires of experts. The goals of the study were divided into three main criteria, determination of the function value, environmental constraints, and socio-economic value of each index. The result showed that Shadegan wetland stability is weak (0.483). Also, the result showed that in order to improve the Shadegan wetland stability, implementing programs of improving the water supply for wetland, wetland protection laws and methods of coping with the natural disasters such as drought is necessary.

Hamoun international wetland is common in Iran and Afghanistan that the water supply carried out from Afghanistan. Wetland vegetation bed is affected by torrential achievements. Therefore, monitoring the impact of floods on vegetation recovery of the wetland can help in management of the restoring wetland vegetation. Thus, this study was done on the temporal and spatial changes in vegetation of international Hamoun wetland Using information of Landsat bands (L8), OLI and TIRS sensors in both 1394 and 1395 And NDVI index value. To evaluate the quality changes of vegetation, numerical values of these indices is classified to four class is very weak, weak, average and good. The results shows that due to the definition of the ratio of restored vegetation area to dewatering area in any part of the wetland, Hirmand Hamoun, Sabori Hamoun and Pouzak Hamoun as 34.7, 9.5 and 79.7 percent of floods caused vegetation restoring. The reason of this low value in Sabori Hamoun is increased in vegetation quality rather than its quantity and the reason of this high value in Pozak Hamoun is due to lack of human settlements around it as well as its catchment of the riverchr('39')s Khash Rod and Khospas in winter. Flood in the quarter ranged generally makes the restoration of this international wetland vegetation in 23.93 percent that 8.23 percent owned by vegetation recovery in Iran and 15.7 percent is related to Afghanistan.

Shoreline is a zone between beach and sea. This zone is so fertilizing and have different ecosystems for great ranges of animals as nesting, feeding, breeding and shelter zone. One of the important pollutant factors in the marine ecosystems that has so much negative effect, is oil spill. Oil pots, as a result of oil spilling, have possibility to absorb in the biomass and marine ecosystem. ESI is an important factor to evaluate the shoreline zone to oil spill that provides a base for coastal resources due to probability of oil spilling with high sensivity. Case study in this research is shoreline Zone of Abbas Abad Township located on the west of Mazandaran province and south of Caspian Sea. The base data for mapping included: physical and biological resources, human use of resources is done during summer and autumn of 2012, by scrolling through shoreline, observation and collecting existing documents in the zone, photography, questionnaire of local people and dotting with GIS. According to field study, data collecting and mapping, in this zone, 7 main categories and 9 subcategories are identified, that are known as 3A,4,5, 6B, 8A,8B, 8C,9B,10B. Based on sensivity, identified rankings in the shoreline are two low sensivity 3A and 4, two medium sensivity 5 and 6B and high sensivity 8A,8B, 8C,9B,10B. High sensivity rankings are more than others and low sensitivity rankings covered more than 52% of this shoreline. The second level is for medium sensivity with approximately 38%.