مجله مرکز مطالعات و توسعه آموزش علوم پزشکی یزد
سال سیزدهم شماره 4 (زمستان 1397)

Medical education is one of the most important issues in current changing conditions which mainly addresses medical students. The purpose of this study was to extract the underlying theory of medical education in Iran based on the perspective and experiences of the medical students.

This was a qualitative study. The data were collected by semi-structured interview and focused group with 43 medical students at Zone 5 of the country (Shiraz, Yasouj, Bandar Abbas, Bushehr, and Fasa).  Stress and Corbin (2006) grounded theory method was used for data analysis.

The results of the research showed that the students are not satisfied with the current trend in medical education. The main points about the quality of medical education were: hospitalization, theory based method, authoritarianism, alienation, and structural problems. Ritualism in medical education was another finding of the present study, which means the educational system is more concentrated on educational tools rather than its objectives. This ritualism has led to the reproduction of authoritarianism and alienation of medical students that cannot meet the current needs of the students, medical institutions, and society.

The current medical education institution is far from the educational needs of the students. This requires structural reform according to the needs of students and at a higher level based on health needs of the society. In conclusion, moving toward community-based education, medical needs, and increasing the quality of education are recommended.

Organizational virtue is one of the new concepts of an organization that has received positive psychology. Researches in this area encompasses prominent behaviors in the organization, which themselves lead to positive outcomes. The purpose of this study was to design and explain pattern for antecedents of virtuous organization at public universities in Yazd province

The present research is an"exploratory mixed methods research".First, the qualitative research method of "focus group" has been semi-structured interviews with faculty members of eight Yazd province universities in three sessions, 1.5 hours each.The data obtained from the interviews and literature were analyzed by the method of thematic analysis. Then the model was tested with a questionnaire and a sample of 285 employees from the public universities of Yazd province using Lisrel 8.8 software.

Three key factors influencing the organization of virtue were identified by the focus group and literature research and exploratory factor analysis including organizational factors; a)structure and process; organizational culture; leadership; existential philosophy of the organization, b) individual factor including: individual characteristics of employees, individual characteristics managers and c)environmental factor including socio-economic factor and legal factor). After testing the conceptual model, all the antecedents had an appropriate factor load and the model was confirmed. Also, by examining the results of the structural equation test, the organizational factor had a greater coefficient (0.74), which had the highest impact on the organization of virtue. However, the leadership factor, under organizational factor and the individual factor i.e. individual characteristics of managers and staffs have a relatively low factor load.

Considering that the organizational factor is the most important factor in organizational virtue, organizations must pay more attention to hire of virtuous people. Theissue of educating and institutionalizing virtues in the university staffs is very important.

Entering University can cause stress and tension in the first year medical students due to the changing educational environment, the volume and difficulty of the courses and the distance from their family. This can lead to academic failure, mental health, depression and life style change. The purpose of this study was to investigate the problems of the first year medical students, classify them and to investigate the changes of these problems in a year.

This research was a qualitative study conducted from 1393 to 97. The target sample was a group of 3rd and 4th year medical students who had participated in faculty mentoring program as mentors. Every two weeks, the subjects were contacted by the coordinators about the problems that the mentees (first year students) faced and the answers the mentors provided, and these data were recorded in the forms. Referring to the forms, the codes were extracted at the initial stage and then classified according to the similarity of the items between these codes.

During the four years implementation of the program, 3420 forms were collected and reviewed. The questions and problems of the first year students in this study were categorized into four groups of learning problems, psychosocial, role modeling and organizational issues.

The results of this study emphasized the importance of support system in the fields of study (providing appropriate scientific resources, learning and study methods, time management and curriculum planning); psychosocial fields (increasing interpersonal relations management skills, stress management, skills for balancing personal and educational life, and improving the accommodation condition), and recalled the importance of introducing the appropriate role models for medical students.

Students' academic motivation plays an important role in their academic achievement and is one of the most important challenges faced by the universities. The purpose of this study was to explain the factors affecting academic motivation from the perspective of environmental health engineering students. In a qualitative content analysis, in which a focused group discussion method was used for collecting data, a total of 36 Environmental Health Engineering students in six groups of students from the first to fourth year of continuous and discontinued undergraduate were interviewed. Interviews continued until saturation of the data. Like other qualitatively semi-structured interviews, the transcripts of the interviews were coded and then the codes in the form of categories were identified using more abstract headings. The accuracy of the data was confirmed by various methods. After analyzing 650 initial codes and 8 subcategories, we identified top three effective categories in the motivation to affect the education of environmental health engineering students: a) The future of career b); Professional identity; and c) Educational courses setting. It seems that the nature of engineering and health and career future, professional identity and the type of arrangement of courses have played important roles in the student's academic motivation. Probably adopting measures to identify job positions, updating the course syllabus and curriculum along with the introduction of a higher degree of environmental health and, consequently, improving the society's vision could be the basis for promoting academic motivation in the students of this field. Keywords: Educational motivation, Qualitative study, Content analysis, Environmental health, Engineering.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the perception of educational justice and awareness of the future of career with the academic enthusiasm of the students of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences.

In this descriptive correlational study the characteristics of perceived educational justice and awareness of the future of career were considered as predictive variables and academic enthusiasm as the criterion variable. The statistical population was all Ph.D., associate and undergraduate students of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences in the academic year of 2017. A sample of 275 people was selected based on randomized, proportional to volume and step by step method. The research instruments were a questionnaire of academic enthusiasm, a questionnaire on knowledge of the future of career and a questionnaire on perceived educational justice. For analyzing data, multivariate regression and Pearson correlation coefficient were used.

The results of regression analysis indicated that 16% of the changes in the variance of academic enthusiasm scores with prediction of educational justice and awareness of the career future were predictable. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there was a relationship between academic enthusiasm and perception of educational justice (P <0.01) and knowledge of the career future (P <0.01).

The results of the study indicated that there was a perception of educational justice and awareness of the career future with the academic enthusiasm of the students of the Gonabad University of Medical Sciences. These results showed that having a positive perception of educational justice and knowledge about the future of career of medical students could improve their academic enthusiasm. Therefore, it is suggested that educational managers of the Universities of Medical Sciences should pay attention to educational justice and awareness of the career future of the students and increase their interest and enthusiasm to education.

Clinical education is one of the most important parts of medical and paramedical education that prepares students for practicing clinical skills. Evaluation of the clinical learning environment with a suitable instrument plays an important role in increasing student motivation and learning. This also applies to the assessment of the clinical environment of the operating room. In search of such a suitable instrument, this study aimed at investigating the psychometric properties of Surgical Theatre Educational Environment Measure (STEEM) among surgical technology students of Iran University of Medical Sciences and Alborz University of Medical Sciences in 2018. This was a descriptive-analytic study conducted from July 2017 to July 2018. After translation and retranslation of the STEEM tool, its face validity and content validity were measured by the relevant experts panel. Then, it was distribute damong 201 surgical technology students. The construct validity of the instrument was investigated using exploratory factor analysis and its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha and Pearson correlation coefficient. Data were analyzed using SPSS 19. The study of face, content, and construct validity resulted in providing STEEM questionnaire with 5 subscales and 30 questions covering 55.6% of the total variance. The findings of this study indicated that the Persian and native versions of STEEM had appropriate validity and reliability, and could be used to measure the operating environment of the Iranian Operating Room from the standpoint of surgical technology students. Keywords: measurement, Educational environment, Operating room, Educational measurement, STEEM.

The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between stressful educational period and the suitable interaction with patient. This was a correlational study. The population included all students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. To evaluate stressful factors in educational period, the researcher used Abbasi et.al. Questionnaire and to evaluate interaction skills, the researcher used Jalalvandi's questionnaire. The data were analyzed by regression. Correlation coefficient related to stressful factors in educational setting (ß=-0.363), graduation stress (ß=-0.205), and educational situation stress (ß=-0.126) were significant regarding interaction with patient. Therefore, the highest correlation coefficient was related to stressful factors in educational setting, graduation stress, and educational situation, respectively. Also, most of the students agreed with teaching psychology in medical majors. When encountered with stressful factors, medical students were influenced by their thought in such a way that they showed less sensitivity to interaction with patient and sometimes made mistakes in diagnosis of the disease. Therefore, it is suggested that planners revise formal medical programs which are designed without psychological subjects. Also it is recommended to conduct more studies on psychological skills such as interaction skills, stress refining and so on. Keywords: Interaction skills with patient, Educational setting, Educational situation, Graduation stress

The emergence of new generation of universities has changed mission and higher education goals from learning-centered and research-based process towards creation of entrepreneurial university. The purpose of this research was reflection on the formation of entrepreneurial university of Medical Sciences with emphasis on solutions and challenges.

In this narrative review, relevantpapers were identified by the following keywords: entrepreneurial university, entrepreneurship , medical sciences, development of entrepreneurial Universities, and entrepreneurial university challenges from scientific databases including; Eric, Sage Journals, Wiley Online Library, Emerald, Science Direct, Taylor & Francis and Persian scientific databases such as; Magiran, Noormags and  Scientific Information Database (SID).

The development of entrepreneurial university of medical sciences needs leadership and administration, entrepreneurship culture, relationship with industry and technology transfer. Also for developing entrepreneurial university of medical sciences, there are challenges such as educational and research challenges, cultural and social challenges andeconomic and financial challenges.

Policymakers and medical authorities should notice the above mentioned challenges and help the higher education system to overcome them.