مجله مطالعات علوم پزشکی
سال بیست و نهم شماره 12 (اسفند 1397)

Diagnosis of poor graft function by modern biomarkers is a step to early detection of injuries to the kidneys. Therefore, in this study, serum NGAL was evaluated in renal transplant recipients and compared with creatinine and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using CKD-Epi equation. This case-control study was performed at Imam Khomeini Teaching Hospital, Urmia. Thirty-nine kidney transplant recipients from the living- and cadaver donors were investigated between February 2016 and September 2017. Serum NGAL predictive value during early postoperative period was investigated studied population was divided into good early graft function (GEGF) and poor early graft function (PEGF) as according to established protocol. Blood specimens were collected before transplantation and also 2, 16, 24, 36, and 48 hours after transplantation. NGAL was measured by ELISA method. The results were analyzed by SPSS software version 16. Of 39 transplant recipients, 13 were classified as PEGF No difference was seen in serum NGAL between kidney recipients with GEGF or PEGF. Serum creatinine and GFR peri-transplantation and 2 hours after surgery were not different However, significant differences were observed 16, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hours post-surgery transplantation (p <0.05). The ROC analysis showed that the AUCs of creatinine varied from 0/76 to 0/87 and that for GFR varied from 0/72 to 0/86. Also, there was a positive correlation between serum NGAL measured in pre-graft and 2, 16, 24, 36, and 48 hours after transplantation with creatinine. No difference was noted in GFR monitored at3, 6, 9, and 12 months after transplantation. Our results indicated that serum NGAL was not significantly different among patients with GEFG and PEGF. Serum creatinin and GFR (CKD-EPI) were better than NGAL in diagnosing patients with PEGF, t High distribution living donors in this study was the main cause of the difference in the results of this study with other There was no positive correlation between the serum NGAL measured in the early hours of transplantation and one-year after transplantation.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a complex endocrine and metabolic disorder characterized by chronic anovulation, polycystic ovaries and pathological conditions such as hyperandrogenism. Increase in the level of estrogen is an important symptom of polycystic ovary syndrome. This study aimed to investigate how hyperandrogenism-induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects the histological structure of ovaries. Sixty adult female mice were divided into six groups: Control group, Experimental group that Hyperandrogenism (HA) was induced by oral administration of 2mg/kg letrozole and protective effect of licorice root was studied in three doses: 150, 300, 450 mg/kg by gavage for 21 consecutive days. About 450mg/kg licorice extract was administered to the sixth group. Each group had 14mice and only 8 of them were used for histological studies. Ovaries were separated and samples were analyzed in Bouin's solution. Histological and histomorphometrical studies were done by Hematoxylin and Eosin staining. Results showed that histological parameters in hyperandrogen ovaries were greatly reduced and Licorice root extract had a protective effect. Finally, it can be concluded that administration of appropriate doses of licorice root extract improved antioxidant ingredients and affected the histological structure of reproductive system in females with hyperandrogenism.

The Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) can improve or impair the function of the brain. The visual memory impairment, as one of the etiological assumptions, has been classified among a wide range of mental disorders such as Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). The present study was carried out to determine the influence of single-session anodal tDCS on visual memory of patients suffering from (OCD). The statistical population of this research included 25 patients with OCD referred to Counseling and Mental Health Services Center of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University in 1396. Their disorder was confirmed by psychiatrist, clinical psychology, and the Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI). They were organized into two groups and received two types of sham and real single-session anodal stimulation on OZ area, with cathode stimulation of 2 am on OFC for 20 minutes in 10 sessions. The results obtained by multivariate analysis of covariance revealed that applying single-session anodal tDCS influenced visual memory of patients suffering from OCD, and led to a significant difference between the experimental and sham groups. The findings of the study indicated that the protocol of applying single-session anodal tDCS has a potential capability to improve the visual memory of OCD patients because it increases the Cortical Stimulation and changes and regulates the Occipital Lobe which plays a crucial role in visual processing.

Diarrhea is a major health problem in developing countries; and on a global scale, it is the most common cause of death after heart diseases and cancer in many populations. Gastroenteritis is a symptom of the gastrointestinal infection (GI) which is caused by pathogenic bacterial, viral or parasitic infections. In some centers, without complete diagnostic tests to approve bacterial infection, antibiotics are prescribed; and antibiotic therapy is stopped after diagnosing non-bacterial infection. Antibiotics should not be prescribed arbitrarily without medical indications due to complications associated with antibiotic therapy, such as antibiotic-resistant strains that would create problems in the future treatment of diseases resistant to antibiotic treatment. The current study was conducted to investigate the pattern of antibiotic usage for nonbacterial (viral) gastroenteritis in patients hospitalized at Motahari Hospital In this retrospective study, all the information was collected from the available medical records in Hospital archives and the results are presented by tables and the average frequency graphs. Children were divided into three age groups (6 months to 3 years - 3 years to 5 years - over 5 years). Data from the medical records of patients including demographic characteristics, duration of diarrhea, fever, clinical symptoms, the results of laboratory tests (analysis, stool cultures, biochemistry, urine analysis) and the antibiotics prescribed in the instructions sheet were all recorded and the related data were analyzed using SPSS. Of 104 patients, 81 patients (77.9%) were six months to three years and 16 patients (15.4%) were three years to five years, and 7 patients (6.7%) were over five years. Sixty patients (57.7%) were males and 44 patients (42.3%) were female. Most patients were male and aged six months to one year (49 patients). Ceftriaxone was the most commonly prescribed antibiotic and 83 patients (79.8%) received it, and 6 patients (5.8%) received ceftizoxime, and 15 patients (14.4) did not receive any antibiotic. The maximum length of hospital stay and antibiotic therapy was 9 days. However, with stool, urine and blood tests being normal, the fever of age groups were 45%, 35%, and 32%, respectively. In order to avoid imposing additional costs and to prevent microbial resistance in diarrhea, it is recommended and urged to prescribe antibiotic for suitable and necessary cases based on laboratory results (culture, stool analysis tests), since the major cause of gastroenteritis is viral infection.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness and emotion regulation training on improving bulimia nervosa. To so, the body image, depression and anxiety of these individuals were examined during the study This study was carried out in the framework of a single-case experimental design using a step-by-step multiple baseline design. The samples of this study were 3 individuals living in Urmia who were diagnosed with bulimia nervosa (based on DSM5 criterai) and were selected and voluntarily entered the training program. The training program was designed according to the proposed McKay, Wood and Brentley protocol and was planned to improve the symptoms of bulimia nervosa in 10 sessions. Each session was evaluated with BULIMIA, MBSRQ, BDI and BAI tests. At the end of the self-help plan, a follow-up measure was made one month later. The results showed that following the one-month follow-up training of emotion regulation and mindfulness training, 54.71% of the symptoms improved. After the interventions, 39.39% improvement was observed in body image, 28.17% in depression and 45.44% in anxiety. Discussion and The findings of this study indicated that emotion regulation and mindfulness improved the symptoms of bulimia nervosa disorder and other associated problems, such as defective perception of body image and mood problems such as depression, anxiety, and Emotional dysregulation.

NGF-2 is oligodendrocyte progenitor cell which has neuroprotective functions. This study was designed to investigate and compare the effect of a 4-week voluntary training program on regular and complex running wheels on NGF-2 levels in healthy Wistar male rats. Thirty adult Wistar male rats were divided into 3 groups: voluntary training on regular running wheel, voluntary training on complex running wheel, and control. For measuring the NGF-2 levels in the brain, the ELISA test was used. One-way analysis of variance and Tuckey post-hoc tests were employed for comparing the intergroup differences. All the statistical analysis were conducted by SPSS software (version 20). Performing voluntary training programs on regular (p=0.03) and complex running wheels (p=0.001) resulted in significant changes in NGF-2 levels in the brain. There was also a significant difference between these two modes of training programs (p=0.05). Based on the results, these 2 training protocols can be regarded as positive intervening factors for increasing oligodendrocytes in healthy rats, although the complex running wheel voluntary training has shown to be more promising.

Fascioliasis is a zoonotic disease caused by the trematode Fasciola hepatica. Proteases are essential for the survival of parasites. This study was conducted to evaluate the serine and cysteine proteases of F. hepatica and also to the investigate the effect of pH and temperature on proteases activity and their temperature stability. Adult Fasciola were isolated from infected livers and their protein levels were measured. The total proteolytic activity of the extract of F. hepatica was evaluated using azocasein substrate in pH values from 2 to 12. Trypsin, chymotrypsin and cathepsin B substrates were used to measure protease activity. We evaluated the effect of protease inhibitors, PMSF, pepsin, DTT and EDTA on these enzymes. The estimation of optimum temperature and pH was performed within a temperature range of 10-90 ° C and at pH levels 2-12. The optimum pH activity of trypsin and chymotrypsin were recorded at an alkaline pH and total proteolytic activity and cathepsin B were recorded at an acidic pH. The results showed that F. hepatica had serine and cysteine protease activity. The optimum temperature activity for trypsin and chymotrypsin was 50 ° C. The optimum temperature activity for cathepsin B was at 30 to 40 ° C. The temperature stability for the three proteases was up to 40 ° C. The high temperature stability of F. hepatica proteases showed that they could be used as a potential factor in biological applications such as vaccine and anti-parasitic drugs.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of eight-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on telomere length and telomere factors of leukocytes in sedentary young women. A total of 21 students voluntarily participated in this study. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group (n=11, age=23.25±2.01 years, height=163.32±5.44 cm, and weight=62.2±7.56 kg) and the control group (n=10, age=24.42±1.32 years, height=165.00±4.88 cm, and weight=66.6±6.30 kg). The experimental group performed three sessions of HIIT a week for eight weeks. Every session included three-six runs with maximum speed in a 20-metre area with 30 seconds of rest between each run. The fasting blood samples were collected immediately before and after the exercise protocol. The telomere length was measured using Real Time PCR method. The data were analysed using independent and paired t-tests. The results showed that leukocyte telomere length (T/S ratio) (p=.04) and telomerase activity (p=.04) in the experimental group increased significantly. Moreover, the body fat percentage, BMI, and weight of the experimental group decreased significantly. The results of this study showed that HIIT increases the leukocyte telomere length in sedentary young women, making it an efficient and appropriate method of exercise.