Journal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences
Volume:7 Issue: 4, 2019

  Optimal management of human resources is considered as a basic and most fundamental principle of management of the health services because manpower is the most important organizational resources. The aim of this study was to identify the challenges in the optimal management of human resources in hospitals. This qualitative study was conducted in hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences and all experts who had sufficient knowledge of the human resources management programs were included. Nineteen participants were selected using non-probability purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the data.   Three major themes emerged: organizational, motivational, and knowledge-related factors. Organizational factors included lack of up-to-date job descriptions, staff recruitment through university and hospital constraints in the selection of employees, lack of the culture of team working and process attitudes, incomplete establishment of occupational health and safety, and deficiencies in the evaluation system. Motivational factors included absence of a performance-based pay system, lack of communication between evaluation and incentive systems, and lack of motivation and confidence of the staff in solving problems. Knowledge-related factors included old human resources and resistance to change, lack of knowledge, and non-learner hospital environment.   Clear job description, implementation of dynamic organizational culture, safe environmental conditions, performance-based pay system, and directing hospitals towards becoming learning organizations play an important role in reducing the challenges of human resources management.

Organizational futures studies is to inform managers in organizations about the future. This shows that a manager plays a pivotal role in shaping the ideal future for an organization and the challenges they face in this regard. This study aimed to identify factors that affect the futures studies in hospitals affiliated to Kerman University of Medical Sciences. This qualitative study was undertaken using a content analysis method. Participants consisted of 10 managers and experts of futures studies and they were selected through purposive and snowball sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed with framework analysis method for theme development. Data analysis led to the development of six main themes, namely, “leadership”, "management", "training", "Policymaking", "creativity and innovation" and "organizational competition". Given the uncertainty of the future and the necessity of sustaining the life of any organization, especially in the field of health, it seems essential that special attention be given to futures studies. On the way to promoting futures studies, required intellectual and cultural contexts in the form of designing appropriate training programs and actions based on knowledge are the essential elements in order to meet any sort of futures studies activities in the health sector.

  As knowing the characteristics of a good teacher is important, various methods like students' perspectives are used to determine these characteristics. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of a good clinical instructor from the perspective of nursing students. This descriptive qualitative study was conducted using conventional content analysis. In this study, 18 senior nursing students were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview. Coding and data analysis were performed using MAXQDA 2007. To achieve the reliability and accuracy of the data, the Lincoln and Guba authenticity criteria were used.   After analysis of the recorded interviews, 48 basic codes were obtained. Also, one theme called "professional competence" and six main categories including academic ability, clinical skills, communication skills, evaluation skills, personality, and educational management in the clinical setting were considered as characteristics of a good clinical instructor based on the participants’ perspectives. The results of this study identified the characteristics of a good clinical instructor from the perspective of nursing students, which can help the authorities in successful and efficient educational planning

  Due to the Attraction and enormous diversity of computer games, children and adolescents allocate a notable part of their time and energy to play these games. This necessitates the study of their Advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, the aim of this study was to represent the outcomes of playing computer games in the fourth grade students. This is a qualitative and phenomenological study. In this study, 10 students were selected from the forth grade elementary students using purposive sampling and interviewed in-depth until data saturation was achieved. Data were coded and analyzed manually using Smith and MAXQDA 10 software.   The findings were categorized into four main themes: "physical outcomes, psychological outcomes, social outcomes, and educational outcomes" and 17 sub-themes.   Students' experiences showed that playing computer games for a long time and without parental supervision, has various adverse outcomes, therefore, schools and families can significantly prevent such outcomes by supervision and planning.

  Gifted and talented students are the main customers and driving force of the education system, therefore, the existence of a permanent mechanism based on their demands, expectations, and problems seems necessary to improve the education system. This qualitative study was done using conventional content analysis. The participants were 23 gifted and talented students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, in 2016. Sampling was performed using convenience sampling by the brilliant talent center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. In this study, 23 interviews were conducted. Finally, 118 themes remained in two main categories (factors affecting talented students' satisfaction and the ways to prevent brain drain). Poor teaching methods and lack of educational resources were the most important educational problems. Weak management and lack of research funding were the most important research problems. In the students' point of view, improvement of teaching status and organization of human resources management are the most important priorities for the preservation of the elite forces. The results of this study that are consistent with the results of domestic and International studies, emphasize the importance of paying special attention to the expectations and demands of gifted and talented students. In addition to the educational, research and welfare services problems, socio-economic problems were also identified as a cause of brain drain.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease with high prevalence in the world and Iran. Uncontrolled DM puts financial pressure on health system and society. It also affects patients physically and mentally, and changes their social relationship with others. In spite of advances in DM control, there is only a little information regarding patients’ experience of living with DM and coping with this disease in Iran. This study aimed to explore diabetic patients’ experience of coping with DM.   This qualitative study was conducted using grounded theory and semi-structured interviews in Yazd, Iran, in 2013. Fifteen diabetic patients (8 females and 7 males) were selected using purposive sampling. Recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using Strauss and Corbin method simultaneous with data collection. Guba and Lincoln criteria were used to ensure credibility of the findings. In this study, 73 primary codes, 22 primary categories, and 7 main categories for strategies of coping with DM were extracted. The categories include: perceived problem, trust in treatment recommendations, ability to predict prognosis, subjective theory, family support, comorbidities and life events. According to diabetic patients’ experience of living with DM, these factors have a key role in coping with diabetes. According to the results, the coping strategy of diabetic patients is a correlated, dynamic, complex, and constant concept influenced by the factors affecting diabetic patients and the disease. On the one hand, trust in treatment recommendations and ability to predict prognosis, and on the other hand, life events and family support affect coping strategies for diabetes. The findings of this study can help health policy makers to introduce interventions and educational programs to improve DM control.

In training courses, all the materials learned will not always be transmitted to the workplace because of some effective factors. The aim of this study was to determine the effective factors on the formation of scrap learning in in-service training. This descriptive qualitative study was conducted using conventional content analysis. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. The participants were all employees and workers of the copper industry in Kerman province. According to the data saturation level, 16 of them were selected using purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The validity of the research findings was confirmed using assessment methods by members and multi-stratified data sources.   The effective factors on the formation of scrap learning were classified into three categories: individual factors (attitude, learner readiness, professional ethics, and motivation), organizational factors (organizational support and working environment conditions), and educational factors (need assessment and evaluation, training strategies, and content of the course).   Regardless of the attitude, motivation, and professional ethics of the participants, the lack of attention to their readiness for learning, lack of necessary support, lack of facilities and equipment, lack of attention to the employees' needs, and the results of evaluations are the most important factors that prohibit the application of the materials learned in the workplace.

Social relationship play an important role in improving the quality of life and promoting mental health and affects physical health and psychological well-being so that people through it, establish their identity and integrate themselves into society. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explain emotional schemas (ESs) on social relationship in students with physical disability. In this qualitative study, 15 high school students with physical disability were included. Data were collected using purposive sampling method and until data saturation, when the code and new classes were not obtained, the data collection process continued. Information were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews in compliance with the confidentiality of information and participants have the right to withdraw from the study at any time. Totally, 15 semi-structured interviews were conducted. The interviews were recorded, and then, analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings were categorized into 14 sub-themes and 4 main themes including: intrapersonal emotion-focused coping strategies, interpersonal emotion-focused coping strategies, intrapersonal cognitive-focused coping strategies, and interpersonal cognitive-focused coping strategies. According to the experience of the participants, it was revealed that these people use emotion-focused and cognitive-focused coping strategies, interpersonally and interpersonally, to communicate with others.