فهرست مطالب

Infection, Epidemiology And Medicine
Volume:4 Issue: 4, Autumn 2018

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1397/06/10
  • تعداد عناوین: 6
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  • A. Shivaee*, M. Mirshekar, B. Sadeghi Kalani, D. Bordbar, E. Ohadi, F. Masjedian Jazi Pages 115-121
    Aims
      Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is one of the most important causative agents of urinary tract infection (UTI). UPEC isolates persist in the body through biofilm formation. The successful adhesion is the most important step of biofilm formation. Type 1 and P are bacterial surface appendices, which play a pivotal role in of UPEC. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of on the initial adhesion gene expression in UPEC isolates.
    Materials & Methods
    The presence of and genes among 60 UPEC isolates was investigated by PCR; 5 potent producer UPEC strains from patients with UTI were exposed to the sub-minimum inhibitory concentration of Expression of the and genes was evaluated by real-time PCR.
    Findings
    Of the 60 UPEC isolates, biofilm formation was seen in 27 (45%) of isolates, 5 of which produced strong The result of PCR assay showed that was seen in 57 (95%) of the 60 UPEC isolates and was seen in 58 (96.6%) of isolates, respectively. and expression 7 and 8 fold in all 5 isolates, respectively.
    Conclusion
    Sub-MIC concentrations of remarkably decreased the expression the and genes in strong forming UPEC strains, but cannot prevent biofilm formation.
    Keywords: Curcumin, UPEC, Biofilm, Nanoparticle
  • A. Abednezhad, P. Nasirmoghadas, N. Asghari Moghaddam* Pages 123-130
    Aims
    The aim of this study was to identify antibiotic resistant patterns and the prevalence rate of carbapenem resistant genes (imp-1, vim-2, kpc) in P. aeruginosa strains isolated from burn patients in Shahid Motahari Hospital of Tehran.
    Materials & Methods
    In this study, 63 P. aeruginosa strains were collected from infected patients.  Isolates were identified by biochemical tests and specific 16SrDNA PCR. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by standard Kirby-Bauer method according to the CLSI guidelines. The prevalence of imp-1, vim-2, and kpc genes were assessed by PCR.
    Findings
    All of the isolates were confirmed as P. aeruginosa by phenotypic tests and specific 16SrDNA PCR. Totally, 14 antibiotypes were identified. The highest resistance was observed against to tobramycin, gentamicin, amoxi-clavulanic acid, and cefoxitin (100%) and the most sensitivity was shown against colistin (100%). All of the isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR), 100 and 46% were positive for Extended Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBL) and Metallo- β-Lactamases (MBLs) respectively. The imp-1 and kpc genes were not detected (0%), while vim-2 gene was present in all of the isolates.
    Conclusion
    In the current study, the high resistance rate to antibiotics might be due to their overuse for burn patients as a prophylactic or therapeutic agents. Colistin is considered a drug of choice for the treatment of wounds infected by P. aeruginosa in burn patients. In this study, the majority of P. aeruginosa isolates belonged to Antibiotype 1 and possess carbapenemase vim-2. Therefore, to stop this resistance transmission, the prevention and control are apparently essential.
    Keywords: P. aeruginosa, Burns, KPC, VIM, IMP
  • S. Hajikhani, D. Darban, Sarokhalil, E. Babapour* Pages 131-137
    Aims
    Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the major causes of nosocomial infections.  This study aimed at investigating the antibacterial susceptibility and the prevalence of virulence and resistance genes of P. from patients in Tehran, Iran.
    Materials & Methods
    In this cross-sectional study, 70 P. from infection and cystic fibrosis patients from and Pediatric Medical Center, Tehran, Iran during 2017-2018. Antibacterial susceptibility against eleven antibiotics was determined based on Isolates were, then, screened for the presence of virulence and resistance genes by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
    Findings
    The highest and lowest antibacterial resistance rates were against ampicillin and respectively. The  and  genes were present in all P.  . The prevalence of and  genes in P. from a total of 18 CF patients was 66.6%, 66.6%, 22.2%, 72.2%, and 77.7%; and in a total of 52 burn patients was  84.7%, 100%, 28.8%, 73.07%, and 64.46%, respectively. VEB, PER, TEM, SHV, and CTX-M  genes were found in 0.0%, 0.0%, 11.1%, 16.6%, and 5.5% P. from CF patients; and in 0.0%, 1 1.9%, 50 96.1%, 88.4%, and 40.3%, P. from burn patients, respectively.
    Conclusion
    Generally, selective pressure caused by extensive use of antibiotics can be conducive to the selection of MDR bacteria. Therefore, choosing based on precise tests can prevent the increase of resistance in bacteria.
    Keywords: P. aeruginosa, Virulence genes, Susceptibility test, Resistance genes, PCR
  • N. Beheshti, F. Ghaffari Far*, Z. Sharifi, Z. Eslamirad, M. Farivar Sadr, M.S. Dayer, V. Nasiri, P. Ebrahimisadr, N. Hamidianfar, S. Bayesh, O. Jorjani Pages 139-145
    Aims
    The aim of this study was species identification and analysis of species of Leishmania isolated from clinical samples.
    Materials & Methods
    The samples were collected from patients that were infected from different parts of Iran. After microscopic examination, we used PCR method for the ITS1 (internal transcribed spacer 1) RFLP method (digestion with and for phylogenetic construction, DNA sequencing of
    Findings
    Two samples from Khorasan province (Mashhad) were Leishmania (L. ), while others were Leishmania major (L. ). L. more variable compared with L. . The molecular sequencing differences between L. to geographical distribution. Based on the results of PCR product in the gel electrophoresis and DNA sequencing for L. L. , the DNA sizes were between 350 and 369bp. The RFLP for L. L. and one respectively. The sequences all samples from central parts are the same, but there is difference with the samples isolated from of Iran.
    Conclusion
    The sequences of of Leishmania major separated from Damghan and Esfarayen are different from other samples. Similarity of DNA sequences of North-East part of Iran of L. from central parts was 99%. The similarity of two isolates of L. 96%. The most similarity of Leishmania isolated was 95% with Indian isolate and the most similarity for Leishmania major was 99% with Friedlin strain.
    Keywords: Leishmania major, PCR, RFLP, Sequencing, Phylogenetic analysis, Iran
  • E. Shariat Bahadori, J. Sadraei*, A.H. Dalimi Pages 147-152
    Aims
    Toxoplasma parasites that extracted from different rodents are the same in immunologic and morphological characteristics but different in pathogenic characteristics. We found that the serum levels of ProBNP and Procalcitonin markers are high among these rodents. The aim of this study was the assessment of the serum levels of ProBNP and Procalcitonin markers among the rodents with myocardial .
    Materials & Methods
    In this study, we collected 286 rodents and extracted 250g of their heart tissues and blood samples to obtain DNA of T. . We detected the positive samples, using the nested PCR method. Then, we examined serum levels of Pro BNP and Procalcitonin markers, using Electro Chemo Luminescence method (ECL) for assessment of myocardial in this host. Data analysis was also conducted by the statistical analysis method. This study was performed from January to March 2017, based on the prevalence study.
    Findings
    In this study, 68/286 samples of rodents were positive for GRA6 gene and these positive samples had high levels of Pro BNP and Procalcitonin markers that indicated myocardial and acute inflammation among these animals.
    Conclusion
    In this study, we found that the GRA6 gene was very useful to follow up in the rodents of the Golestan province, northeast of Iran. Also, ProBNP and Procalcitonin markers were at high levels in myocardial .
    Keywords: Toxoplasmosis, Rodents, GRA6 gene, Pro BNP marker, Procalcitonin
  • S. Bahroudi, M.A. Nematollahi*, M.R. Aghasadeghi, M. Nazemi Pages 153-157
    Aims
    Antiviral activity and effect of methanol and diethyl ether extracts from different parts of sea cucumber (Holothuria leucospilota) against HIV-1 were assessed on human oral epidermoid carcinoma cells (KB) and Human embryonic kidney 293T cells (HEK293T).
    Materials & Methods
    Sea cucumber was collected at a depth of 10-30 m (Persian Gulf). Extracts were prepared by diethyl ether and methanol solvents. The antiviral activity of each extract was evaluated by inhibition of single-cycle HIV-1 (SCR HIV-1) p24 Core antigen production in HeLa cells and cellular toxicity of different extracts were assessed, using a cell proliferation XTT kit.
    Findings
    Antiviral activity of each extract showed that some concentrations were able to inhibit the replication of HIV-1. Diethyl ether extract of body wall with 2.79 TI index displayed the highest antiviral activity as well as less effect.
    Conclusion
    This study showed that crude extracts of Holothuria leucospilota, especially methanol and diethyl ether extracts of digestive organs and body wall and antiviral activity, respectively.
    Keywords: Sea cucumber, Antiviral, Cytotoxicity, Persian Gulf, Holothuria leucospilota