نشریه گردشگری و توسعه
سال هفتم شماره 4 (پیاپی 17، زمستان 1397)

Tourism is recognized as the world's largest service industry in terms of revenue generation. The development of this industry is particularly important for developing countries, which are faced with many problems, including high unemployment, limited currency reserves and a single-product economy. The main purpose of the present research is to investigate the effect of exchange rate fluctuations on the tourism sector of Iran. For this purpose, first, using the official exchange rate data, we obtained exchange rate fluctuations through ARCH / GARCH model variance models, and then with work The using of ARDL distortion self-oscillation pattern model has been used to estimate long-term and short-run relationships between research variables during the years 1360-1394. The results of the estimation of the study show that there is a significant and negative correlation between exchange rate fluctuations and incoming tourists to Iran, and there is a positive and significant relationship between exchange rate fluctuations and gross domestic product and consumer price index.

The hotel industry is one of the main pillars of tourism activity, with many countries investing heavily in the hotel sector as a result of attracting more tourists, as a result of the growth and development of tourism activities, followed by economic development. But this point should not be overlooked. In addition to the hotel industry, other activities closely related to the industry and the Backward & Forward Linkages with this industry should be paid special attention to investing in them the field of development of hotel industry and As a result of tourism activity. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to use the coefficient of Backward & Forward Linkages to identify the key elements related to the hotel industry in order to be able to target the development of the tourism industry and, consequently, the economic development of the country. The results showed that the service sectors, the most recent links and construction sectors have the highest links with the hotel industry, and targeted investment can bring more benefits for the country's economy. In the meantime, the activity of "Support Services" was identified as the most important part related to the hotel industry, because of its higher coefficients. Finally, according to the findings of the article and based on Backward & Forward Linkages, it was observed that infrastructure is essential for the development of the hotel industry, and the government's priority for allocating capital should be the development of infrastructure.

Medical tourism as one of the health tourism branches , is a growing phenomenon in 21th century that has one of fastest growing markets in tourism. Despite Iran's medical tourism capabilities, statistics show a very small market share for the country. Due to good opportunities and increasing international competition in medical tourism on one hand, and not using our capabilities in this industry on the other, this qualitative study aims to explore medical tourism development barriers in Iran and provide practical guidance, using a thematic analysis approach. 16 semi-structured interviews and data coding was undertaken. Results revealed that the 3 main barriers and their dimensions are as follows: 1- issues in "policy making and administrative structures" including administrative system, overlap between tourism and health policy areas, poor cooperation between public and private sector, poor information and statistics, poor monitoring and evaluation. 2- barriers of medical tourism supply chain including poor service provision process, unlawful service provision, poor competitiveness, investment barriers. 3- barriers related to target markets including poor communication with foreign patients, poor marketing and advertisement, poor competitive position.

Evaluating business performance is one of the most important management tasks, because it is the key to continuous improvement in the ability to continuously assess and measure performance. In many industries the importance of continuous performance evaluation is perceived and they use various performance evaluation systems. Nowadays, tourism is known as a strong industry, which has a significant impact on changing the economic conditions all over the world. therefore, to succeed in this industry, measuring performance is inevitable. Therefore, the aim of this study is to design a model of marketing performance assessment criteria in the tourism industry of Iran. This is a qualitative research that has been conducted using a foundation-based approach to grounded theory. The statistical population included academic and industrial experts. These individuals were identified from universities and tourism sector activists in Iran, using a targeted sampling approach, a total of 15 people were selected as participants in the study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Participants review method was used to check the credibility and validity of the data. The result of this study was to present a model of marketing performance assessment criteria in the tourism industry of Iran with 10 main categories, 42 indexes. Beneficiaries and social responsibility, financial, brand, market, tourism, organizational and process factors, growth and learning, staff, tourism-related infrastructure, and finally, the technology benchmark is recognized as the criteria for evaluating marketing performance in the tourism industry, Indicators are defined for each of them and They have cause and effect relationships.

Recently, purchases through mobile phone applications have been very much considered. These apps have a high potential for consumers and they are important to the success of the organization, but the study of the tourism industry in this area is still limited. Therefore, this research intends to make an effective contribution to the effective use of mobile tourism applications with respect to the individual characteristics of the audience. According to the above, determining the factors affecting users' behavioral intentions and intentions regarding the use of mobile tourism apps and the logical link between these factors are among the main questions that the research seeks to answer, and in Intends to deal with this theoretical approach to the Rough Set Theory as one of the methods of classification. The results of the study showed that the main effective factors as the core are perceived benefits, perceived ease, individual innovation, social impact, based on the theory of the Rough Set Theory, the rules governing behavioral intentions and the intention of using Iranian users to be identified. In this regard, some suggestions have been proposed for this industry.

Tourism and its related economy are currently in a state of change and are one of the main pillars of the world's commercial economy and play a vital role in the global economy. Tourism as one of the tourism dimensions embraces any travel for the treatment of the disease and contributes to the sustainable development and dynamism of the country's economy. This research was conducted to investigate and prioritize the factors affecting the adoption of the Internet in the development of therapeutic tourism. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-survey method. The statistical population of this study is foreign tourists who come to Mashhad medical tourism companies for therapeutic purposes. Using judgments sampling (available), 271 tourists (patients) Selected as samples. To collect data in this study, the standard questionnaire of Chen et al. (2004) in Persian and Arabic languages with 91% reliability was used to test the hypotheses and prioritize the effective factors on it using structural equations and AMOS and SPSS18 software. The results of this study indicate that consistency factors, perceived usefulness, perceived service quality, perceived trust, perceived ease with the adoption of the Internet are influential, leading to the development of therapeutic tourism.

Local dishes play an important role in introducing tourism destinations and attract tourists. Today, food tourism is known as one of the most attractive and popular types of tourism. The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing tourists in the consumption of local foods. Since the statistical population of this study is indefinite, the uncertainty society formula was used for sample selection and the sample size was 365 people. A questionnaire was distributed among 400 tourists in Gilani, and at the end of 368 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. Structural equation and Lisrel software were used to analyze the data. The results indicate that local specialty catering and motivational factors have the most effect on the consumption of local food by tourists in Guilan province, respectively.Local dishes play an important role in introducing tourism destinations and attract tourists. Today, food tourism is known as one of the most attractive and popular types of tourism. The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing tourists in the consumption of local foods. Since the statistical population of this study is indefinite, the uncertainty society formula was used for sample selection and the sample size was 365 people. A questionnaire was distributed among 400 tourists in Gilani, and at the end of 368 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. Structural equa

Food is an important part of the services provided to tourists. Considering the motivation and new experiences as the main motivation for tourists, the new experiences will have a great impact on the tourists’ decisions and their behaviors, and also will have an impact on the choice of food. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of personal traits related to the food of domestic tourists on travel results. The statistical population of the study consisted of domestic and Iranian tourists visiting Ramsar tourist destination.Sample size was calculated 384 for the unrestricted statistical population based on the formula for calculating the sample size. Convenience sampling method was used to select participant. Data collection was done by distributing the questionnaire. Data analysis was performed through SPSS23 and SmartPLS2 software packages. In the present study, the role of food-related personality traits on the results of the Iranian tourists travel to Ramsar was studied through the method of structural equation modeling approach based on partial least squares, while in previous studies this area has not been addressed. The findings suggest that food-related personality traits have a positive and significant effect on the consumption of new food and Satisfaction, but in the presence of a moderator of novelty seeking, food satisfaction, word of mouth, and the incentive to revisit is not. Other results are presented in form of conclusion and recommendations.

Today, Halal brand is not just a religious concept and requirement and is not limited to some specific nationalities. It has become a global symbol for quality guarantee and choosing a certain lifestyle in the realm of business and commerce. On the other hand, Halal as an aspect of Islamic culture has led to a new paradigm in marketing. This study - in form of a comprehensive model- examines perceptual factors affecting the choice of Halal products by muslim tourists traveled to Iran. Considering the purpose, this research, is an developmental one and is considered as descriptive research in terms of nature and method. Data collection performed using questionnaire which is distributed verbal and online. Content and construct validity evaluated. Reliability of the questionnaire was obtained by calculating the coefficients of factor loadings of Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) performed by SPSS and PLS softwares. Results showed that usefulness received and subjective norm has a significant positive impact on the attitude, attitude has a significant positive impact on Halal awareness and tending to choose Halal products, Halal awareness has a significant positive impact on tending to choose Halal products. Besides religious adherence moderates the relationship between subjective norms and attitude and has no such role in the relationship between usefulness received and attitude.

Coasts, as one of the natural rich sources, have received much attention from economic actors including tourism sector. Among the various uses of coasts, coastal tourism is known as an old mode of leisure and increase the number of coastal tourists annually. Because of the considerable growth of coastal tourism on one hand and acting the other users from coastal lands and sources on the other hand, the necessity of applying an appropriate and all-out approach for coastal tourism management is required which be able to responsible for outside (macro) environment in addition to creating collaboration among tourism elements. Integrated management approach tries to solve conflicts and make coherent the visions and various strategic policies in different levels of execution by focusing on all stakeholders' involvement in management process. Undoubtedly, acting and interfering of governmental, general, private and public- based organizations into coastal development process influences on how to coastal tourism is managed. This paper studied and analysed the concept of "integrated management of coastal tourism" with using an analytical descriptive approach. According to the surveys, adoption of this management approach, while desirable and popular, requires the operationalization of criteria such as the creation of a legal framework and the clarity and transparency of regulations, financial support, adequate clarity of responsibilities, decentralization and fairly distribution of power, culture building, strengthening social responsibility, sustainability attitude and logic among the involved organizations and in relation to tourism which will not be easy in some conditions and countries.

This article focuses on the process of naturalization and poverty reduction in the selected villages of the eastern province of Semnan (Qaleh bala, abr, Reza Abad); therefore, it has been tried to study the natural habitat and poverty reduction of these villages through the theoretical theory (Strauss and Corbin version) . To this end, 30 people were selected using theoretical sampling method from natural disasters and poverty reduction (poor, tourists, poor from extinction poverty, government managers, local administrators and ordinary residents of selected villages). Data were collected through semi-structured and deep interviews, semi-structured observations, and notes and formation of discussion groups. Three-step (open, axial, and selective) encoding was used to analyze the data in the MAXQDA10 software environment. Findings of the research show that the poor, in response to the common concern of unsustainable nature, have used the fundamental strategy of trying to engage in nature-related activities. This strategy included a multidimensional process; the effort to participate in formal jobs, the effort to engage in informal activities, the effort to learn and enhance skills. The support and capacities of the naturalization of the facilitating area and the unsustainable nature of the plan were blocking the solutions. Finally, the consequences of this process were relative poverty reduction in three direct, indirect and dynamic impacts.

This research was carried out with the aim of developing of Isfahan tourism by branding for Isfahan crafts through the PCDL model. The research is a mixture of qualitative and quantitative research. In different stages of the research, qualitative and quantitative Delphi fuzzy, balanced scorecard and descriptive survey methods were used. For data gathering semi-structured interview and questionnaire were used. Statistical Society was experts in quality phase and clients of Isfahan craft in quantity phase. Sampling method for qualitative phase was targeted judgment and Available random in quantitative phase. The results of the first phase of the research is to identify quality and price as two factors that influence selection and purchase crafts and also positioning engraving, carpets, filigree and inlay industries as outstanding crafts of Isfahan in compared to other competitors. In the second stage, appropriate logo and advertising media advertising were identified as the most suitable option. The results in third stage indicated that customer criteria and internal processes are at appropriate level but financial and growth criteria are at inappropriate performance level.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of perceived gender discrimination and organizational justice on the occurrence of deviant behaviors in the workplace among the hotels staffs in Khorramabad. The research population consisted of all staff of hotels in Khorramabad city (n = 425). 202 questionnaires were distributed among them by stratified sampling method. The data analysis algorithm was used by partial least squares method, which included the evaluation of structural model and measurement models, to measure the relationships between the variables of the research. Appropriate fitness for both parts of the data algorithm indicates the desirability of questionnaires and structure at the level of indicators and questions used. The results of the research indicated that there was a positive effect of perception of gender discrimination on deviant behavior and its negative impact on organizational attachment. The positive impact of organizational justice on organizational attachment and the negative impact of organization's attachment on deviant behavior of the workplace was confirmed. Despite the lack of confirmation, the direct effect of organizational justice on deviant behavior has confirmed the indirect and negative effects of organizational justice on deviant behaviors in the workplace. the approval of the mediator role of the organization's attachment to reducing deviant behaviors at the workplace requires the need to pay more attention to the hospitality managers in planning to reduce gender discrimination and increase the attachment to the organization in order to better managing of human resources.