نشریه نظریه های نوین حسابداری
سال دوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 4، تابستان 1391)

Two main groups of creditors and investors providing financial resources of firm's .creditors Following the acquisition of loans and interest of creditors and shareholders will follow of their expected return from the profits of the company's activities and changes in stock prices. The managers of financial companies following the control cost of capital to reduce costs of financial sustainable expected profit for shareholders. Conditional conservatism imposes stronger verification requirements for the recognition of economic gains than economic losses, generating earnings that reflect bad news in a timelier fashion than good news Resulting in increased accuracy and reliability of information about the amount and distribution of future cash flow and increase the value of the company indirectly through improved control and reduced costs of legal claims is expected that consequently the cost capital is reduced. In this study the effect of conditional conservatism on the cost of capital using data from 100 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 1382 to 1389 has been studied. Research findings show that, there is a significant relation between conditional conservatism and measures of implied cost of capital.

In recent years, the study of corporate social responsibility has become one of the important fields in academic research specially, in accounting. In this research, in order to investigate the impact of qualitative disclosures of this information on investors' decision making, we used three variables including social behaviors, financial status and awareness of investor. Each of these variables have 4, 2 and 2 states, respectively. The ANOV A test was used to examine the hypotheses. The findings suggested that social behaviors disclosure types had a significant effect on decision-making. In general, disclosure of undesirable social behaviors had more significant effect rather than positive behaviors. In weak financial status, these behaviors had more significant effect, but in strong financial status investors had more attention to the positive behaviors. These results were the same for sophisticated and non-sophisticated investors.

The goal of this research is to study the stock prices influence due to dividend during decreasing or increasing period of Tehran Stock Exchange index. Moreover, this research studies the difference between companies which have or have not distributed dividend during decreasing period of index versus increasing period. This research consists period of 1384 to 1389 which has 34 months of decreasing period index and 38 months increasing period index. To have access to research goals, 254 companies in two separated group (which have distributed dividend or have not) have chosen and using t-test research hypotheses have been studied. Results of research suggest that dividend distribution during decreasing period versus increasing has no significant effect on listed companies of Tehran Stock Exchange. Moreover, results show that yearly stock returns during these two periods have significant difference between companies which have distributed dividend or have not.

Dividend policyis one of the most important and extensive issues in the extent of financial management. Actually, designing an optimum dividend policy for maximizing the company's interests is one of the main duties of financial managers, while the investors are interested in companies with stable earnings.So, the managers often manage earnings to signal the investors indicating the stability of earnings and therefore, it causes to adjust the dividend policy. This paper investigates the relationship between earnings management, return on equity, and size with dividend policy of listed companies on Tehran Stock Exchange. So, the data of 63 companies during 1378-1388 has been used. In the present paper, paid dividend has been used as a criteria of dividend policy and also, Modified Kasznik Model has been used for measurement of earnings management. The results indicate significant positive relationships between all three independent variables and dividend policy as the dependent variable.

This study investigated the relationship between the quality of earnings and stock returns of the listed companies on Tehran stock exchange. In order to do this, the measures of Gross profit, Return on Capital Employed, Productive Asset Reinvestment Ratio, Value Relevance and Conservatism were used. Then field survey by the use of correlation and regression analysis(Francis 2006) and hypotheses testing was employed on real input of 79 accepted companies m Tehran stock exchange during the 5 years 1384 to 1388.
Results indicate that there is a significant relationship between the indicators of Gross profit, Return on Capital Employed and Value Relevance as three factors used in this study. However a significant relationship between the indicators of Value Relevance and Conservatism is not proved.

The overall objective of this paper is to investigate the role of corporate governance in improving reliability of financial reports. Our sample is comprised of 202 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) during the period of 1384-1388. Corporate governance is measured using a multi-dimensional approach; because this variable includes varios factors and investigating these factors separately cause incomplete analysis of factors that affecting reliability of financial reports. Also, reliability of financial reports is measured using prior period adjustments and audit report paragraphs. For testing the research hypothesis, we use mean comparison and panel data regression.
Empirical tests demonstrate that corporate governance score is significantly lower for restatement firms than for the controls, suggesting that relatively poor governance causes accounting errors. Also, in the year following the restated year, the test firms do not significantly improve their corporate governance scores. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that the overall governance measure is negatively related to the reliability of financial reports, suggesting that restated firms have weaker corporate governance mechanisms.