دو ماهنامه سلامت کار ایران
سال پانزدهم شماره 6 (بهمن و اسفند 1397)

Scientometrics assesses scientific outputs. Iran Occupational Health Journal is dedicated to providing scientific evidence for improving occupational health. Based on the importance of occupational health, this study aimed to do Scientometrics analysis of Iran Occupational Health Journal as one of the important sources of scientific production in this field. The study was conducted using citation and content analysis and census method as sampling method. All published articles between 1392 and 1395 were reviewed. Content analysis was performed by comparing the content of the articles with the research priorities in field of health in Iran. The indexes such as the number of authors, the author's organizational affiliation, the type of articles, the author and the centers that had the highest number of articles were reviewed. Data analysis was done by SPSS software version 19. During these years, the average receipt time to accept articles ranged from 304 days to 56 days. Most published articles were research articles, and the most abundant subjects were ergonomics and then safety. Most articles are provided by men and group authors. The impact factor of this magazine in Scopus has increased from 0.03 to 0.18 from 2012 to 2016, t. The efficiency of Iran Occupational Health Journal has increased in reviewing the received articles over the years. The priorities of published subjects in the journal are in agreement with the research priorities for occupational health in Iran. Over the years, the magazine has become known among different organizations in the country.

The chemical pollution in industries has make an unacceptable risk for the human health. For the risk assessment of the human exposure, it is necessary to be considered the material dangers based on the consumption rate, dose, toxic properties, and evaluation of potential effects on the human health. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the semi-quantitative risk of the occupational exposure to chemical contaminants among workers of the industrial wastewater unit in an oil refinery as a model to predict the exposure.  This descriptive-analytic study was performed in the industrial wastewater unit of Abadan oil refinery in 2016. After the similar exposure groups (SEGs) were determined and information were collected, fourteen materials were measured by the short-time personal sampling and real-time monitoring methods using the ION- First Check. The exposure rate of workers to chemical contaminants was determined using the Industrial Hygiene Statistics software (IHS) based on the results of the sampling and analysis. At the first, the Exposure Rate (ER) and then the Hazard Rate (HR) were calculated to determine the exposure risk level. Based on the results of this study, pools were cleaned four times per day and fourteen hours per week by workers. The results showed that weekly exposure of workers to ethylene oxide (16.7 ppm), nitrobenzene (16 ppm), and nitrogen dioxide (15 ppm) had the highest values, respectively. Lowest values of the exposure were related to the carbon monoxide (2.8 ppm) and carbon disulfide (1.5 ppm), respectively. Benzene (12.5), ethylene oxide (10), acrolein (10), nitro benzene (7.5), hydrogen sulfide (7.5), hydrogen peroxide (7.5) and aniline (6) had the highest risk level, respectively. The results of the present study showed that workers of the industrial wastewater unit have a very high risk level of the exposure to chemical contaminants. Therefore, the prioritization of control measures such as new wastewater treatment methods using the semi-quantitative health risk assessment is one of the most important ways to prevent and decrease the exposure of workers to contaminants.

One of the major concerns in the oil and gas drilling industry are Blowouts. Blowout could have severe consequences, such as fire and explosions, releases of toxic gases and environmental disasters. The aim of this study is to identify the root causes of kick and blowout in drilling industry. In this study, FTA investigates root causes of a kick while ETA explores the possible consequences (including blowout) arising from a kick. Bow Tie Analysis (BTA) combines FTA and ETA to explore the root causes and consequences (blowout) of a kick in onshore exploration 28 basic event (root causes) have been identified for kick. Also to mitigate kick consequences, 8 safety barriers recognized. The probability of kick and blowout was calculated as 1/23× and 2/94×,respectively. The order of importance measure of each root causes was listed. In this study, Getting into the high pressure zone and not filling well with drilling mud during the trip up, was identified as the most important root causes of kick. Furthermore, early diagnosis of kick and the proper functioning of Blow-Out Preventer (BOP) were recognized as the first safety barrier to prevent the blowout.

Chair's design based on ergonomic in addition to increase productivity and quality education, leading to the satisfaction and comfort of the people. Given that identify chairs' problems and correct them, can prevent the occurrence of discomfort in users, the aim of this study was to measure student satisfaction from teaching chairs and their impact on the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders. This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed in 1395 among 180 students of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. Researchers designed satisfaction questionnaire used to assess the satisfaction from the 6 chair questionnaire and Nordic questionnaire was used to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders. Collected data were analyzed by Chi square and Kruskal-wallis tests in SPSS20 software. The highest satisfaction was allocated to chair 4 and 6 as well as the highest prevalence of disorders was observed in back. A significant relationship was between overall satisfaction and the prevalence of discomfort in back (p=0.004) and hips (p=0.043) and there was a significant relationship between the chair type and the overall satisfaction of them. A significant relationship was observed between the chair type and prevalence of disorders in any areas of the body (P>0.05). Adjustability, material, flexibility of backrest and back support, good appearance and strength of chair are from effective factors on satisfaction. With training ergonomics principles and correct sitting style to students and modify their postures can be prevented the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders and consequently, increased levels of satisfaction

The construction industry has a high rate of fatal or nonfatal injuries and all around the world which remains one of the most dangerous occupations till now. Since project safety and measuring danger in the construction industry is a crucial subject, so this study aimed to measure the impacts of safety risks on the time and cost objectives of project using a hybrid method of expert system and efficient simulation based on the nature of safety risks.   After recognizing safety risks and specifying the level of uncertainty of occurrence and risks impacts by using designed Fuzzy Expert System, safety risks integrated to the initial plan of scheduling and budgeting for simulating the safety risks impacts on time and cost objectives of the project by using Latin Hypercube Sampling.   Assessment of safety risks systematically without human interference with fuzzy expert system makes the appropriate response to the identified risks. Also, simulating the safety risks impacts on project time and cost plans in three phases (before identification of risks, after identification of risks and finally, after doing corrective actions) not only helps the project managers to monitor the safety projects better, but also allows us to simulate the risks with high impacts but with low probabilities which in the classic Monte Carlo simulation the evaluation of these kind of risks (low probability-high impact) is not accurate. Systematic analysis of safety risks impacts on the objectives of a project (time and cost) by using the proposed hybrid Fuzzy Expert System- Latin Hypercube Simulation in the construction industry can lead to effective risk management and better planning, scheduling and budgeting.

Today, the growth of high technology industry faces us to some problems like air pollution, work-related accidents and occupational diseases which make it necessary to use a HSE-MS management system in different projects. However, the implementation of this system need to spend some money and time, so because of the reduced of cost trend in some managers, they regardless of do that or do it imperfect. In this paper, the value of the flow of the investment process in the HSE-MS system in the form of fuzzy numbers, using the method of return on capital investment (IRR) method, evaluated the economics of this investment under fuzzy environments. Also, this paper describes how to calculate the cost of accidents, how to calculate the amount of investment in the HSE-MS system, introducing the IRR method, introducing the theory of fuzzy sets, how to calculate fuzzy IRR, and finally, we describe the proposed method. The calculations are analyzed using the @RISK software. As you can see, the financial process resulting from the implementation of the HSE-MS management system is both economic and financially based on the FIRR method and the use of the @RISK software and implies the need for the implementation of a safety management system from an economic point of view. In other words, the average return on capital employed in the financial process resulting from the implementation of the HSE-MS management system, according to the IRR method, is almost 22%, much higher than the average market rate of 5%, and strongly emphasizes the economic nature of this financial process. According to the findings of the recent study, Internal Rate of Return is between 14% and 18%, and is more than the market rate (7%). So it’s indicating that the investment in the aforementioned sector is very profitable and leads to returning capital over the next few years will be. In the other hand, investment in the safety, health and environmental sectors in addition to decreasing the risks of decreasing the job and thus reducing occupational accidents and job satisfaction leads to the profitability of projects.

Background and Hospital-acquired infections, are the most important consequence in exposure to bioaerosols in which affect health of staffs and clients. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between fungal bioaerosols and particulate matter in two educational hospitals in Qazvin city in 2017. This descriptive-analytical study, was performed in 12 of two hospitals indoor wards and outdoor air, during six months. Bioaerosols sampling was done by Quick Take-30 at an airflow rate of 28.3 L/min, for 5-10 min. determination of PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations conducted by a Micro-Dust Pro at flowrate of 3.8 L/min as µg/m3. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20, non-parametric tests and Spearman's correlation. Results indicated that the highest and lowest of total of microbial density was for EMS1 and operating rooms. Peak of fungal bioaerosols was observed in women’s surgery1 (92.7 CFU/m3). Species of Aspergillus niger was the most frequency fungi. Significant correlation was observed between fungal concentration and PM10, temperature and humidity ratio (p<0.05). In this study the main sources of pollution were related to hospital wards. Thus suggests controlling of microorganisms of air by improving of ventilation system, observance of sanitary and cleanliness regulations and continual assessment of indoor air quality. Because of association between PM2.5 and PM10 and bioaerosols density, measurement of the particulate matter concentration can be used as an easy and quick tool for predicting of the air microbial contamination in healthcare centers.

hazardous materials transport is one of the most important problems in developing countries. The accidents involving the fleet of hazardous materials transport can have irreparable consequences. The study was aimed to present safety performance assessment pattern of road trucks with risk assessment approach. This is a descriptive study. In this study, the Accidents of road trucks with fix tank were studied during a 10-year period (1384-1394).The safety criteria and sub-criteria with respect to technical characteristics of road trucks divided in two categories: “Inductive factors of human error” and “Non-inductive factors of human error” In order to determine the final criteria and sub criteria and weighting them, the team of experts and FAHP method was used. The results showed that the most important effective criterion on safety performance of road truck is “Inductive factors of human error”. Also, the most important effective sub-criteria are “Brake system and their connections”, “Ventilation system” and “Technical inspections”. With respect to the pattern “Hino, Mack, Howo 6×4(10 wheels), Dangfeng” trucks have received the lowest safety level. The causes of low safety level in fleet of hazardous materials transport in Iran, are the lack of timely inspections and inefficiencies in the technical equipment of the trucks such as “malfunction of ventilation and Brake system and their connections” which it’s most important reason is non-commitment of Iran to ADR agreement.