نشریه انرژی ایران
سال بیستم شماره 4 (پیاپی 77، زمستان 1396)

The purpose of this research is to reviews the thermal comfort condition of full glass south view official buildings in warm and dry zones and conclusion of buildings disadvantage in thermal waste and after all presenting an ideal plan with appropriate solution. To reach to that goal first of all the effective factors on wasting energy were reviewed then the temperature testing with thermometer was done and the data were analyzed by energy plus software. So, the studies method is based on statistics and experiments. The results show the main reason of energy wasting for buildings with full glass view is direct sun. After the reviews studies and simulations the conclusion is that this kind of view is known for having issues for thermal comfort, natural ventilation and glare. Specially buildings with bright shells in warm and dry zones. These issues made us to find solutions for this problem. After considering several solutions, we considered a 180° rotation of the building, in order to put the glass view on the north side of the building, which doesn’t have the sun heat. The result show that in hot and dry zones in order to prevent the building flushing, glass view with high percentage, should not be used. After the rotation simulation, the results showed the thermal waste which was the main reason of energy waste, were reached to a normal level.

The need for prediction and patterns of gas consumption especially in the cold seasons is essential for consumption management and policy planning decision making. In residential and commercial uses which account for the bulk of gas consumption in the country the effects of meteorological variables have the highest impact on consumption.  In the present research four variables include daily average temperature , average daily relative humidity , sunny hours per day , and average wind speed  were used to predict consumption in the short term. The results for the three cities  include Ilam, Ivan and mehran have been obtained in the form of quadratic polynomial equations and according to the above variables. The results for three models based on the normalized root mean square error have are 0.21, 0.112 and 0.123. Also the rerult of coefficent of determination for three cities are 0.8356, 0.87060.7936, respectively with are favorable.

Increasing the number of microgrids has raised the complexity and nonlinearity of the power system and conventional controllers do not present acceptable efficiency in a wide range of operation points. In this study, a fractional order proportional–integral–derivative controller optimized with hybrid grey wolf-pattern search algorithm is used to control the frequency of each area of the microgrid and to control the power between the connected areas; such that the uncertainty of microgrid parameters is taken into account. The proposed controller is placed in the secondary loop of each microgrid. Suitable and robust operation against the uncertainty of microgrid parameters in simulators is demonstrated. The proposed controller iscompared with both a fractional order controller optimized with grey wolf algorithm and a PID controller, and suitable operation of the proposed controller, in terms of settling time reduction, and overshoot and undershoot reduction, is proven compared with other controllers

Cost of cement producing all over the world depends on to the level of wages, energy cost and availability of raw materials. By investigating financial statements of various companies at the stock market, the share of electrical and fuel costs are nearly 27 percent of total costs and this plays the important role in right management of energy consumption. In this regard mathematics modeling and finding optimum points based on effective factors is very important. According to data recording equipment operation and energy consumption and corresponding database, using data mining techniques to create models of energy consumption is possible. In this paper, using clustering as a data mining techniques, to create a descriptive model has been paid to finding the best way through which the Department of kiln operation, to optimize energy consumption. With the implementation of the strategy obtained from the descriptive model, nearly 5 percent on average, electrical energy per ton of product (Kwh / ton) and average thermal energy (kcal / kgcli) at the rate of 4.57 percent as both will be reduced.

Wind is one of the cleanest and cheapest renewable energies. One of the wind energy production technologies is use of small wind turbines installed in urban areas. However, installing these turbines in urban areas is associated with problems such as low wind speed and turbulence but if installed in the wrong location, their generated electricity is zero. In this study for the use of wind energy and installing the wind turbine on the building of the Faculty of Engineering, University of Yazd the flow of wind is simulated. With using meteorological data during the five-years, average wind speed was 2.534 m/s. velocity and turbulence at different heights have been investigated and the height of 22 m (7 meters from the roof of the building) is determined as appropriate height and ten points as appropriate locations. At one of this points wind speed is 4.69 m/s.

In the present study, the effect of simultaneous utilizing of atrium and green roof on the energy consumption of a college dormitory has been evaluated under three different climatic conditions of Iran, including Tehran, Tabriz, and Bandar Abbas. Therefore, four different construction designs on the basis of using atrium and green roof has been considerd for a college dormitory. Results indicate that only in the cold climate of Tabriz, the atrium could decrease the annular energy consumption. However, the atrium may cause to increase the annual load in Bandar Abbas. On the other hand, the results show that the green roof technology demonstrates the best performance in hot climate of Bandar Abbas with aboat 8% reduction in annual energy consumption. However, the green roof can cause the annual energy consumption to decrease about 7% and 3% in Tehran and Tabriz climatic conditions, respectively.

Differen world energy outlook with different horizons (2035, 2040 and 2050) show that demand for primary energy will increase. The energymix in 2050 will mainly be fossil based although the share of theses fuels will decrease. Accorging to some forecasts, energy consumption will increase more than 50 percent during next 30 years which most of this growth belongs to non-OECD countries. In supply side, the fastest growth will belong to natural gas and renewables. According to World Energy Council (WEC), Environmental sustainability، energy security, and energy equity are three pillars of the energy trilemma. The WEC has built two scenarios for fulfillment of these goals for world energy outlook to 2050. The more consumer-driven Jazz scenario has a focus on energy equity with priority given to achieving individual access and affordability of energy through economic growth. But more voter-driven Symphony scenario has a focus on achieving environmental sustainability through internationally coordinated policies and practices. In Jazz scenario, the growth of energy consumption is more than Symphony scenario. In addition, the growth of renewables in Symphony scenario is twice of Jazz scenario.