فصلنامه مطالعات امنیت اجتماعی
سال پنجم شماره 4 (پیاپی 40، زمستان 1393)

The present article ,in order to review the socioeconomic characteristics of criminals and social factors contributing to crime in Dare-shahr city, and through referring to theoretical approaches of sociological deviations such as structural theories,(disorganization, etc),and theories of delinquent subculture (Kohen and Miller delinquent subculture),social learning theories(distinctive link, and distinctive identity, etc), and Hireshi social control aims at conducting a sociological analysis of crime as an approach for combating crime phenomenon.

In 2012, all the available files at Dare-shahr prison were reviewed by using data analysis method, and after developing the questionnaire proportionate with the information stipulated in the prisoners' files, the questionnaire was filled in with the relevant information .In total, 84 files have been analyzed. Research

Based on the research findings, from among the hypotheses raised just the hypothesis of the relationship between age and type of crime, and the hypothesis of the relationship between age and counterpoise was confirmed.

The present research aims at reviewing the relationship between urbanization and committing crime, and recommending preventive approaches in this regard. As far as objective is concerned, the research is of applied type, and data is gathered through survey. Data gathered through conducting interviews and using self-made questionnaire. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through using Content-wise approach and benefitting from management and law professors' views .Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α=0.89) was used for calculating the questionnaire's validity. SPSS and single-sample T test were used for analyzing the data. N=235 including households living in the suburb of Isfahan, selected by using Cochran formula. While interviewing them, the questionnaires were distributed among them. The research findings indicated that there is significant relationship between family income, immigration, parents' education level; and committing crime. The results of the research have been in line with theories on social classification, and particularly deprivation theory, as well as pressure theory, arguing that individuals have severe tendency toward committing crime due to economic problems and shortage of income.

Fear from crime refers to the extent that individuals are concerned about being a victim. The fear leads to reduction in the level of social activity, contribution, lack of trust and undermining the capability and reputation of police. The present article mainly aims at identifying factors which have impact on creation of fear from crime in the suburb of Tabriz. The research has been conducted through using quantitative method, survey technique, and questionnaire as a tool. The sample has been selected through using Cochran formula, and the questionnaire was distributed among households through using cluster sampling method. The research results indicate that there is significant relationship between quality of neighborhood ( -34%), impoliteness (17%),duration of the period living in the neighborhood (- 52%),marital status (29%) ,social surveillance (-38%),crime frequency (47%),social indifference (46%),social trust (-33%) , police presence(- 56%),ignominy sign (41%) and fear from crime; while there is no significant relationship between variables of age education, media and fear from crime.

The present article has been prepared, based on five hypotheses extracted from theories of Anthony Gidenz, James Coleman, and Zimel, is aimed at finding an answer to the question" Does the number of persons who refer to NAJA counseling centers have anything to do with the level of their trust in Police forces?"The research is of survey type. N=143 included clients who filled in the relevant questionnaire while referring to 5 NAJA counseling and social work centers. The results of the research proved that NAJA centers have the required potential and capability to affect the level of trust on the part of those clients who refer to these centers. All the hypotheses were confirmed; in other words, the clients who referred to the centers trusted them more than others, and the more satisfactory experience they had, the more their trust in the centers was. The third hypothesis based on information and abstract trust, and individuals' level of satisfaction from services provided by NAJA centers, level of exposure to media, and their trust in police was confirmed. The results of the regression analysis indicated that the impact of the experience of exposure to police, and the level of satisfaction from NAJA centers was much more than other variables.

The present research conducted through survey, as well as using questionnaire technique. After collecting the questionnaires, the data were analyzed by SPSS. The results of the research indicated that young people societal security feeling is on the average level; and it came out that there is significant relationship and societal security feeling. And some of the variables such as age and employment status had direct and positive with security; while some others like gender and marital status had reverse and negative relationship with security. However, there was no significant relationship between education variable and security. It also came out that there is direct and positive relationship between societal security and the extent the respondents watch television on the on hand, but there is negative and reverse relationship between societal security and the extent they watch satellite programs. Nevertheless, there is no significant relationship between societal security and the extent the respondents use internet services, listen to radio, read newspapers, and chat. There is also positive significant relationship between reading various political and economic sections of the newspapers, and societal security feeling. In step by step regression analysis, after inserting all variables, finally three variables: gender, reading political section, and reading accidents and crimes section were fed into the regression equation, and with respect to the amount of (R2), these variables explained10 percent of the changes of dependent variable.