فصلنامه مطالعات امنیت اجتماعی
سال هشتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 51، پاییز 1396)

The present research has been conducted aiming at looking into the major constituents and indices of the paradigm of police interaction with the public in disciplinary management of crime prevention. As the supreme leader of Islamic Revolution emphasized utilizing societal capital capacity in maintaining public order and tranquility on one hand, and implementing master policies of police forces and putting an end to the one dimensional view regarding the issue of order and security on the other, one can notice the organizational and social aspects of the issue more than ever.

The present research is of applied type, and in terms of research methodology, given the research variables’ dimensions two

qualitative (exploration) and quantitative (survey) have been utilized. The under-survey population in the first method included 10 senior managers involved in crime prevention activities. Data was gathered through using deep interview. The under-survey population in the survey method includes the youth and ladies in Tehran city, selected through using Morgan Table. N=384, and they are selected through using cluster probable multi-stage sampling method. Needless to say that validity of the tools used for gathering data were confirmed through validity of their content and reliability through Cronbach alpha; and the relevant data were ultimately was analyzed through using SPSS.

The research findings indicate that the most important individual constituents of police such as neat clothing, nice appearance, communicative skills as well as using body language properly play a prominent role in police social interactions; however other organizational constituents such as facilities, equipment, and managerial resources and constituents including coordination among civil institutions and bodies, organization, planning and supervision and control are among other factors contributing to disciplinary management of crime prevention. Recommendations: while paying attention to the research findings, some substantial measures are recommended to be taken in line with establishment of coordination council to prevent crime all over police offices in cities and provinces aimed at improving structural status.

14 indices of societal security and Delphi model have been utilized in East Azarbaijan province, and the views of 20 experts on this issue have been weighed in the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Expert Choice software has been used while benefitting from societal security which is among the substantial elements of public life in the urban-regional level. Due to their importance, these issues have been long the center of attention in the province. Being in need of security is of great importance in the whole life of human beings, and affects their behavior. In order to achieve further growth and development, cities need to enjoy various types of security including societal security to be able to function properly. Given the importance of determining development level in regions based on societal security indices, measuring level of access as well as spatial distribution, etc., the present research aims at reviewing and evaluating societal security spatial distribution in the East Azarbaijan province and determining the status of societal security and its spread by towns in the province, at the end some recommendations based on fair distribution of societal security are provided. The present research is of applied type and uses descriptive-analytical method. The relevant data is extracted from the data bank of the province statistics office (data of year 2012), and they are collected through library and document based method. Based on the data, 19 towns have been ranked using three multi-criteria models: Vicor, Electra, Numerical Taxonomy; and at the end average grading is used. The basic hypothesis of the research is that societal security indices distribution and spread is not fair in the province. The results indicated imbalance in societal security distribution in the towns in the province. The findings indicate that based on the average grading of the towns in the province, Varzeghan town and Tabriz city rank the first and the last in terms of enjoying societal security, respectively. Furthermore, at the end of the present research, its hypotheses were analyzed through using SPSS. The higher the number of population, the lower the societal security level. However, there is direct and significant relationship between employment rate and level of literacy in each single town and existing level of security. Hence, spatial planning and introducing proper and executive strategies in order to reach balanced regional development and progress is an inevitable necessity.

Providing citizens with security and enhancing citizens’ security feeling is among most important missions and responsibilities of governments/administrations, because safe human beings are full of motivation, and willingly opt to achieve progress, and they are always in need of new experiments and exploring new issues. The present research aims at looking into the relationship between societal security feeling and police performance in the realm of activity of Shahid Rajaei police station. The research is of survey type. N= 252 selected from among residents of the residential complex located in the area of the activity of the relevant police station. The respondents were selected through cluster sampling method and they were asked to fill in the questionnaire. T-test, Anova and Pearson correlation test was used to analyze the data. The research findings indicate that the security feeling level is so low. It also came out that there is significant relationship between security feeling on the part of citizens of Shahid Rajaei residential complex of Mashad and police performance indices. However, although there is no significant relationship between police professional behavior and security feeling, there is direct relationship between police capability and social activity, and enhancement of security feeling on the part of citizens of Shahid Rajaei residential complex.

The issue of security for human beings and society has been an issue of concern from the beginning of their life, and has had growing importance, so that today it is considered one of the major indices of development, and is the prerequisite of any type of development: social, economic, cultural and political. Being aware of the level of security feeling of individuals in a society which has subjective and perceptual aspect plays an important role in identifying development challenges and approaches, as well as strengthening its infrastructure. Therefore, the present research aims at identifying level of security feeling and social factors contributing to it on the part of shop owners in Tehran. The research is of applied type and data has been collected through using questionnaire technique, and using proportionate cluster sampling. N= 384, and credit of data gathering technique is of content type and its validity is assessed through using Cronbach alpha method, and its status is desirable. The research findings indicate that shopkeepers’ security feeling level is at mediocre level. It also indicated that level of using mass media, life satisfaction, real belief in God, national identity and social trust have positive and significant relationship with individuals’ societal security feeling; while level of security feeling has not had significant relationship with variables such as gender and marital status. The results of multistage regression support the significant role of four variables: national identity, level of using mass media, real belief in God, and social trust in societal security feeling. Also, the variables inserted in the equation have managed to explain 34% of the dependent variable varianc

The present research aims at institutionalizing citizenship organizational behavior in police through using societal capital. As far as objective is concerned, the research is of applied type, and in terms of data gathering is of descriptive - survey type. Whereas it reviews relationship between two variables, it is also called correlation research. The total number of staff of expert police in Mazandaran police force headquarters is 298 persons, 186 of which has been randomly estimated and selected. Two questionnaires: Nahapit & Goshal standard questionnaire of societal capital (1998) and Pasadkov standard questionnaire of citizenship behavior (1993) have been used for collecting data. Reliability of the questions have been assessed and approved by Cronbach alpha formula for societal capital (0.88) and citizenship organizational behavior (0.92); the achieved data have been analyzed through using SPSS in two methods descriptive and inferential (correlation and regression coefficient). The research findings indicate that there is positive and significant relationship between societal capital and organizational citizenship behavior. It also indicated that there is positive and significant relationship between societal capital constituents and organizational citizenship behavior. And the aspects of cognitive capital and structural capital have respectively had the highest and the lowest correlation coefficient in organizational citizenship behavior

Security is a very important and determinant factor in using urban places. Today, growing urbanization, has created numerous social, economic and cultural problems for developing countries. Paying attention to citizens’ security and ways of improving it, has become one of the substantial priorities of urban scholars and professionals. Criteria of cognition and analysis of security in the city are so different, and given the physical, performance and atmosphere constituents change. The present research aims at reviewing the factors contributing to improvement of security in Sanandaj city. In terms of objective type, the research is of applied type, while in terms of nature and method it is of descriptive and analytical type. Questionnaire is used for collecting information. N=385 selected from among 15 plus citizens of Sanandaj selected through cluster and simple random method to fill in the questionnaires. SPSS is used for analyzing the data. The results of the research indicate that police desirable performance, news broadcasting, cultural and social measures, as well as improvement of physical space in the city have positive impact on Sanandaji citizens’ security.

Security is among human beings’ deepest and most critical needs, and mankind has been always in need of security, and will still be in need of it. Given the importance of this issue, the present research aims at reviewing the share of state organizations in establishment of societal security in Qazvin. The under study population includes all the staff of state organizations involved in creating and establishing societal security in Qazvin province (governor office, IRIB office, intelligence office, revolutionary guard troops, Islamic culture office, Islamic advertisement organization, Education and Training Organization, Ministry of sports and Youth Affairs, Justice organization and universities, in 2015. N= 250 selected through random sampling method. Questionnaire is used for collecting information its reliability has been calculated through using experts’ panel method and its validity by Cronbach alpha, and Friedman statistical test has been used for analyzing the data. The results of the research indicate that setting up recreation and cultural centers for youth to spend their leisure time is the first priority, equipping the youth with scientific, practical and moral skills in order to lead a dynamic, healthy and lively life is the second priority, and providing citizens with trainings with regard to societal damages and ways of preventing them is the third priority.

Nowadays societal capital along with some constituents such as trust, solidarity, awareness as well as social relations and collaboration play an important role in the process of value creation in cities. In such a process, urban places provide citizens with a safer and more reliable atmosphere. Societal capital gathers citizens together to move toward common goals: mutual trust, commitment, cooperation, and interaction. Therefore, in the present research Qazvin city has been selected for reviewing the impact of societal capital constituents on citizens’ security feeling in urban places. The research is of applied type and is of descriptive-analytical type in terms of method and nature. N= 836 selected from among citizens in Qazvin , and the impact of various constituents of societal capital has been analyzed through using Pearson correlation statistical tests and step by step regression analysis to forecast individual security feeling in urban places. The results of the research indicate the impact of some constituents such as social solidarity, gender, social contribution and social trust on security feeling in urban places, while constituents of social awareness and social relations have not had significant impact on security feeling in urban places in Qazvin city. On this basis, it can be claimed that united values could become a source for enhancement of citizens’ cooperation on urban issues and strengthen social solidarity, and through enhancing citizens’ contribution, especially women and paving the ground citizens to contribute to collective and public activities as well, as urban issues, security feeling in Qazvin urban places in Qazvin city.

The present research has been conducted aiming at looking into the major constituents and indices of the paradigm of police interaction with the public in disciplinary management of crime prevention. As the supreme leader of Islamic Revolution emphasized utilizing societal capital capacity in maintaining public order and tranquility on one hand, and implementing master policies of police forces and putting an end to the one dimensional view regarding the issue of order and security on the other, one can notice the organizational and social aspects of the issue more than ever.

The present research is of applied type, and in terms of research methodology, given the research variables’ dimensions two

qualitative (exploration) and quantitative (survey) have been utilized. The under-survey population in the first method included 10 senior managers involved in crime prevention activities. Data was gathered through using deep interview. The under-survey population in the survey method includes the youth and ladies in Tehran city, selected through using Morgan Table. N=384, and they are selected through using cluster probable multi-stage sampling method. Needless to say that validity of the tools used for gathering data were confirmed through validity of their content and reliability through Cronbach alpha; and the relevant data were ultimately was analyzed through using SPSS.

The research findings indicate that the most important individual constituents of police such as neat clothing, nice appearance, communicative skills as well as using body language properly play a prominent role in police social interactions; however other organizational constituents such as facilities, equipment, and managerial resources and constituents including coordination among civil institutions and bodies, organization, planning and supervision and control are among other factors contributing to disciplinary management of crime prevention. Recommendations: while paying attention to the research findings, some substantial measures are recommended to be taken in line with establishment of coordination council to prevent crime all over police offices in cities and provinces aimed at improving structural status.