نشریه مدیریت ارتقای سلامت
سال هشتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 35، بهمن و اسفند 1397)

Gait is functionally highly relevant aspects of motor performance. This aim of this study was to determine biomechanical characteristics gait in intellectual disabilities during 1995-2017. In this systematic review, all quantitative and qualitative studies that related to gait and balance characteristics of intellectual disabilities were retrieved from Persian databases (Magiran, SID, Google scholar) and all full text articles with keywords intellectual disability, gait were retrieved from English databases (PubMed, EBSCO, Science Direct, ProQuest). Then, 16 papers selected from 35 papers. Also, “Data Extraction Form" which developed based on research aim, was used for data collection. 14 of 16 articles (87.5%) were quantitative and 2 articles (12.5%) were qualitative. The results showed that intellectual disabilities were related to gait disorders, especially step length, stride length, shorter step width and lower velocity. It also has kinetic and kinematic disorders, including reduction of the ankle production power in the push-off phase, increased hip and knee flexion at stance phase, knee limitation and plantar ankle flexion at the heel contact and joint stiffness during the gait. Gait disorders in intellectual disability is a serious problem. Preventive measures are recommended to correct gait disorders and reduce complications.

Among the critical jobs that women are engaged in is a teacher and a variable that can be affected by their employment is marital intimacy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of group therapy "acceptance and commitment therapy" on marital intimacy of female teachers. This quasi-experimental study was a pretest-posttest-follow-up with control group. The statistical population of the study was all married and employed female teachers in Abhar city in the academic year of 2017-2018. 30 of them were selected by random sampling method and randomly assigned to two equal groups. The intervention group trained in eight 90-minute sessions with the "Acceptance and Commitment Therapy" method. Both groups completed the "Intimacy Needs Survey" as a pretest, post-test, and follow-up. The validity of the questionnaire was verified by the counselors and the reliability of the questionnaire was measured using Cronbach's alpha. Data was analyzed using SPSS. 24. In the post-test and follow up stages, there was a significant correlation between  the  experimental group and the control group in emotional intimacy (F = 12.20, P = 0.01), psychological intimacy (F = 11.88, P < 0.01), intellectual intimacy (F = 16.199, P < 0.01), sexual intimacy (F = 15.47, P = 0.01), physical intimacy (F = 24.44, P < 0.01), spiritual intimacy (F = 17.4, P < 0.01), aesthetic intimacy (F = 17.76, P < 0.01), social-recreational intimacy (F = 16.31, P < 0.01), temporal intimacy (F = 15.92, P < 0.01). In other words, "Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)” increased marital intimacy among female teachers (P < 0.01) and this increase was stable over time. Teaching “Acceptance and Commitment Therapy” (ACT) can increase marital intimacy in married female teachers. Therefore, counselors and therapists can use this method to increase marital satisfaction.

Positive thinking skills are one of the most important skills to cope with academic challenges and students' success. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of teaching positive thinking skills on academic buoyancy, academic engagement and goal orientation-progress in girl students with depression syndrome in Izeh city. This research was a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of this study included all girl students with depression syndrome in Izeh city in 2017. Twenty-two of them were selected through convenience sampling method and were divided into two experimental and control groups by simple random method. The data was collected using the “Educational Vitality Questionnaire”, “Educational Enthusiasm Questionnaire”, and “Goal Orientation Questionnaire”. The validity of the instruments was confirmed by content validity and their reliability by Cronbach's alpha method. The experimental group received positive thinking skills training in 8 sessions of 90 minutes. Data was analyzed with SPSS. 23. The mean of pre-test scores in the experimental and control groups were respectively academic buoyancy (29.7, 29.4), academic engagement (44.07, 43.95), mastery goal orientation (30.46, 30.63), performance goal orientation (33.52, 33.29) and avoidance goal orientation (28.01, 27.30) in experimental, and there was no significant difference. The comparison of the mean post-test scores in the experimental and control groups were respectively academic buoyancy (34.16, 29.95), academic engagement (49.03, 43.7), mastery goal orientation (34.22, 31.55), performance goal orientation (37.28, 32.74) and avoidance goal orientation (26.86, 27.51) and there was a significant difference (P < 0.001). The intervention of teaching positive thinking skills in girl students with depression syndrome improves their academic performance. Therefore, the implementation of positive thinking training by experts is recommended to improve the educational conditions of girl students with depression syndrome.

Each educational program needs to be modified and evaluated over time. Considering the importance of training and the necessity of using effective and multi-dimensional evaluation methods, the aim of this study was to evaluate of health education volunteering program based on "Kirkpatrick Model". This quasi-experimental study was conducted in the second half of 2016 on 30 health volunteers at one of Shiraz's comprehensive health centers, which participated in the training program related to the Antibiotic Resistance Book. The data gathering instrument was a questionnaire. The first part of the demographic characteristics of the samples and the second part of the “Knowledge, Attitude and Practice about Antibiotics Resistance Questionnaire” designed by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. The questionnaire was first completed as a pretest by the volunteers, then, during three sessions, the educational materials were presented to the volunteers using lectures, with questions and answers and discussions in small groups. Finally, the entire curriculum was evaluated using the "Kirkpatrick's Model". Data was analyzed by SPSS version 22. At the level of a “Kirkpatrick Model ", the majority of volunteers were satisfied with the company at this time (56.8%). At the second level, the knowledge of volunteers increased significantly and the average score of knowledge (3.9 ± 1.02 to +6.6 ± 0.5) increased (P < 1.000), which indicated the effectiveness of the evaluation based on the "Kirkpatrick Model". The volunteers were satisfied with the various aspects of the implementation of the program and the training they received, and their knowledge was increased. Therefore, "Kirkpatrick Model” for evaluating educational programs, is suggested.

Implementing effective clinical supervision requires an overview of the characteristics of supervisors and clinical supervision. The purpose of this study was to determine the supervisory characteristics of nursing supervisors in clinical supervision in nursing studies. This study was conducted with a scoping review of the characteristics of clinical nursing supervisors. Papers published during the recent decade (2016-2007) in two languages: Farsi and English in clinical supervision through SID, IranMedex Database, Magiran Publications Database And the PubMed, Ovid, Science Direct, CINAHL, and Google Scholar databases were reviewed using keywords, supervision, supervisory nursing and clinical nursing supervision. Based on the "Proctor's Three Function Interactive Model", the supervision characteristics of nursing supervisors included 3 functional areas. The findings also led to the formation of another general class, which includes the general characteristics and competencies of clinical supervisors that overlaps with all other areas. The supervisory characteristics of nursing supervisors are complex, wide and very diverse. The performance of clinical supervisors based on supervisory roles in normative, restorative and formative areas and general characteristics related to role is a fundamental necessity in promoting and quality assurance of nursing care. It is suggested that monitoring the characteristics of nursing supervisors' is crucial for accepting the role and proper implementation of clinical supervision.

The most important challenge for nursing staff is the transmission of infection. Prevention of transmission of hospital infections requires standard precautions. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between knowledge of standard precautions control infection and “Health Belief Model’s” construct with performance standard precautions control infection in nursing students of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. In this descriptive-correlational study, 123 nursing students were enrolled in educational hospitals using census method. Data were collected using demographic questionnaire, “Questionnaire of Knowledge of Standard Precautions of Infection Control”, “Health Belief Model Constructs Questionnaire” and, “Questionnaire of Performance of Standard Precautions of Infection Control”. Content validity and reliability were determined by Cronbach's alpha method. Data was analyzed using SPSS. 20. The mean score of students 'knowledge in the standard infection control (53.57 ± 12.39) was at the moderate level and the mean score of students' standard precautions at a good level (74.22 ± 14.99) were evaluated. The mean scores obtained from each construct of the “Health Belief Model” were as follows: perceived susceptibility (87.51 ± 9.94), perceived severity (89.71 ± 10.38), perceived benefits (94.58 ± 8.44), and perceived barriers (61.75 ± 14.81), guide for action (82.85 ± 9.99) and perceived self-efficacy (31.85 ± 12.23). According to Pearson test, there was a significant correlation between sensitivity and performance of the standard precautions (P <0.05). Knowledge and constructs of the model, among the most were moderate and good, respectively. But students were at a weak level of self-efficacy. Considering the relationship between the perceived susceptibility construct and the standard precautions for controlling infection, the focus on this structure is suggested through teaching to students.

The use of electronic health literacy has increased in recent years. Therefore, it is important to know the factors associated with its application in order to maintain and improve the quality of life. The present study aimed to determine the factors related to the use of electronic health literacy during 2006-2017. In this systematic review study, all the full-text articles were obtained through the Google Scholar, Pub-med, Science Direct and Springer databases. Key words include literacy, health, and e health literacy. In order to collect data, the “Data Extraction Form" was developed based on the purpose of the research. The result of this search was to achieve 39 articles, of which 32 were excluded due to lack of entry criteria and finally 7 studies were submitted to the study. 9 other articles that specifically looked at the factors related to electronic health literacy were entered into the study through manual search. A total of 16 articles in English were considered in this review. Five of 16 articles (31.25%) were mixed methods research, two (12.5%) were descriptive studies, two (12.5%) were descriptive correlational studies, three (18.75%) were reviewed studies. In addition, a semi-experimental study, an experimental study, a qualitative study, a descriptive survey study, (6. 25%) were other methods of studies. The dimensions of search skills, application and assessment, mastery of computer literacy, academic literacy, traditional health literacy, media literacy, information literacy, communication literacy and secure access to electronic health information are among the factors associated with the use of electronic health literacy. It is suggested that the related factors be used to improve the electronic health literacy skills.

The physical and mental well-being of youth is one of the most important goals of every society. Sport activity is one of the factors that plays an important role in the optimal physical and psychological performance of individuals. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between sport participation, psychological well-being and physical complaints among students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences. The research was descriptive-correlational. The population of this study was Kerman University of Medical Sciences (5000 people). 360 people were selected using stratified random sampling using Krejci and Morgan tables. Data were collected by the “Questionnaire Psychological Well-Being”, “Physical Complaints Questionnaire” and the “Physical Activity Participation Questionnaire”. The validity of the instruments was confirmed by eight sports experts and reliability through Cronbach's alpha. Data was analyzed using SPSS.20. Students' psychological well-being and students' physical complaints were significantly higher than the mean, which indicates the proper status of psychological well-being and inappropriate status of physical complaints. Also, there was a positive and significant correlation between sport participation with physical complaints (r = -0.26, P = 0.001) and psychological well-being (r = 0.54, P = 0.001). In addition, 32 percent of the variance in total physical complaints changes among students is related to the participation component and psychological well-being. The results indicated a positive correlation between sport participation and psychological well-being and its negative correlation with physical complaints. It is suggested that universities sports department provide appropriate equipment for student sport to reduce physical complaints and improve psychological well-being.