نشریه مطالعاتی در مدیریت بانکی و بانکداری اسلامی
پیاپی 3 (بهار و تابستان 1395)

Considering the trend of privatization of state-owned banks in Iran, it is important to know the effects of privatization on the performance of banks of which ownership has transferred to private sector. Thus, this research attempts to compare the technical efficiency and productivity of Iranian banks, before and after privatization. The studied sample includes 6 state-owned banks, 5 state-owned banks which their ownership has transferred to the private sector and 7 privately owned banks in the period of 2007-2011. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), Malmquist Productivity Index and Panel Data (Combined Time Series) were used with the help of DEAP and Evewis software. In order to determine the input and output variables, 2 different models have been selected based on an intermediary perspective: the income approach and the value-added approach. The findings of the statistical analyses suggest that bank productivity has grown after privatization. Managerial efficiency of privatized banks has dropped in the income approach after privatization and managerial efficiency of privatized banks has increased in the value-added approach. In fact, the performance of these banks has improved in mobilizing resources. The results of panel regression model suggest that private ownership, bank size and the visual deposit to total deposits ratio is positively related to technical efficiency and the deferred claims to facility ratio is negatively related to technical efficiency.

Banking system is of great importance in many countries. This system can provide effectiveness in the economy with the proper circulation of money and in the case of improper functioning, the activities of other economic sectors will face difficulties. Although banking without lucre has progresses in theoretical field, but competitiveness ability and its operational aspects is limited in transnational level. Many factors affect on this issue; lack of alignment with Islamic banking standards and operational rules of Basel Committee, political factors such as sanctions and contract compliance risk are challenges that have limited Iranian banking system in communication with other financial institutions and also has limited the improvement of indicators quality. This paper has conducted using a descriptive-analytical method and collecting library and documentary information, and studied the private banks performance of Islamic republic of Iran and Islamic banks of Persian Gulf region, based on CAMEL indexes. The results show that selected Islamic banks in terms of capital adequacy, credit risks, management quality index and liquidity index are in better situation compared to private banks in Iran.

With regard to the need for improving international relations, exchanges and cooperation in the Iranian banking system after lifting the sanctions, banking supervision is expected to enhance and implement the latest banking standards and requirements so as to facilitate the engagement of foreign banks and investors in the country, which in turn would pave the way for Iranian involvement in the international arenas. This will not be realized unless legal, institutional and regulatory measures are taken within the banking system aimed at building a proper business environment. This study attempted to develop a conceptual model for regulatory governance over Central Bank of Iran in line with enforcement of the 20-Year Vision and the general policies of Resilience Economy. The methodology is based on a qualitative approach as well as Grounded Theory. The statistical population consists of 21 experts and specialists familiar with the banking and regulation literature selected through a judgemental sampling approach. In this study, data were collected using semi-structured interviews. Then, the data were analyzed through a coding technique derived from Grounded Theory using Atlasti. Finally, the dimensions of the new model were explained. The reliability and validity of the data were obtained through participant review and non-participant expert review, which were highly reliable. The core theme of this study was resilient regulatory governance, the dimensions of which were explained with regard to the causal and mediator conditions. Then, the strategies were developed and final model was presented. At the end, it was suggested that a resilient regulatory governance should be implemented through revising the laws and regulations, establishing the banking codes and regulation, designing an integrated financial policy system, institutionalizing an integrated financial policy system, reforming the banking sector, strengthening the banking supervision and expanding an appropriate banking conduct based on prescriptions of the Central Bank.

The banking system in Iran has always been faced by non-performing loans. Non-performing loans have many consequences such as the lack of liquidity and reduction in the volume of credits in Iran’s banking system. Based on the importance and the role of the non-performing loans in the banking system, this study investigates the impact of some banking and economic factors affecting on them in various branches of Sepah Bank in the framework of panel data in the period of 2004-2014. The results indicate that banking variable such as total facilities, risk index, and bank size and the economic variable such as loans interest rate and inflation rate have a positive and significant effect on the non-performing loans of Sepah Bank while economic growth has a negative and significant effect.

Today, banks are looking for performance improvement methods to surpass their competitors to increase market share and profitability. Since one of the most important issues and concerns for the banks are profits and returns, they use a variety of methods to attract more customers. Base on this reason, performance evaluation of banks is very crucial and important not only for their investors and depositors, also for their managers. This study examines the factors affecting the profitability of Iranian private banks in the period of 2006 to 2014 and focuses on the financial factors to increase the efficiency by the bank managers.
The study is a correlational research and was conducted using analysis of historical data. In this study, according to 3 independent variables (size of the bank, operating efficiency, asset management), 6 hypotheses were formulated. The results show that there exists a significant relationship between the independent variables and profitability criteria (net interest income and return on assets of the banks). To test the research hypotheses, multivariate linear regression and panel data analysis were utilized.

In this study, to enhance the capacity of Islamic banking in the country with an emphasis on religious learnings and using nearly half a century of banking experience and financial institutions in the world to examine the experience of Islamic banks in five selected Islamic countries including Iran, Malaysia, Pakistan, Jordan and Bahrain, the question of whether the mobilization, allocation and collection of receivables frameworks are different in these countries is arose out and discussed. In this regard, the business models of banking systems in the selected countries as well as the way of funding, resource allocation and bad loan collection are discussed.
The obtained results show that among the differences between interest-free Islamic banking law enacted in 1983 in Iran with that of other countries, the existence of dual banking system (Islamic banking law along with usual banking rules), resource funding on the basis of Mudaraba Contract, the use of restricted and unrestricted investment deposits, the establishment of an independent legal council to allocate some of delay penalties to the charities, and asymmetry in damage can also be addressed.