نشریه مطالعاتی در مدیریت بانکی و بانکداری اسلامی
پیاپی 9 (تابستان 1397)

Electronic commerce and the emersion of banking technology besides fee income development are the main drivers of banks in the route for the competitive development of electronic banking. As this kind of income is more advantageous to the banks and their stakeholders, they are focusing on this kind of banking in their plans to achieve more competitive position which results in more market share. The purpose of this research is evaluating the competitive criteria of electronic banking in banking industry. The research is descriptive and the private bank experts are chosen as the statistical population. Data is gathered through customized questionnaire and the specified samples for filling this questionnaire are selected through non-random sampling. The data which its adequacy is evaluated through Bartlett's test and KMO measure is analyzed via confirmatory factor analysis. The goodness of fit is employed for evaluation of final model. The results demonstrate that some criteria combining as hard and soft kinds are effective in competitiveness of banks in electronic banking which highlights the importance of strategic leading for banks.

Given the nature of banking industry activities, which mainly relate to the allocation of resources, credit risks are increasingly faced by this industry. Therefore, knowing the origin of credit risk and its estimation are always fundamental issues for this industry. In this regard, in order to solve this problem in Bank Sepah, this study aims to identify the features effective to credit risk of real customers of Bank Sepah as well as to design a model to predict the probability of credit risk default by employing genetic algorithm and probit regression models. The data of this research is gathered using the credit facilities paid to persons in 2016. Among all the credit facilities paid to real people in 2016, two samples each of size 3600 (for fitting the model) and two sample each of size 400 (in order to verify the model by the ROC curve) were randomly selected. Meanwhile, MATLAB software has been used to analyze the data. The result of the study shows that the genetic algorithm (GA) method has the ability to determine the variables in three difference levels based on the degree of importance. The results also show that area under the ROC curve in the GA method is equal to 0.92 but in the probit regression method, it is equal to 0.72 demonstrating the higher ability to predict the likelihood of facility failure in the GA method compared to the probit regression method. The results of the ROC curve verification show that the GA correctly predicts 91.8% of cases compared to 90.0% in probit regression.

Proper valuation of bank assets and the recognition of the factors affecting them play an important role in investment decisions and the economic stability in countries. In this research, the effect of loan growth on bank assets valuation has been studied in Iran's banking system. Estimation of bank valuation using the Tobin's q index has been taken from a subset of relative valuation models. In addition to calculating and analyzing the effect of loan growth, this paper has studied the effect of its abnormal growth. For this purpose, the panel data of the banks listed in TSE during the period of 2009 to 2015 has been investigated using the multivariate regression model. Taking into account the shared timeframe and access to information, 11 sample banks have been selected. Furthermore, some of the bank characteristics are included as control variables in the research models for more precise analysis. The results show that there is a significant negative relationship between the loan growth as well as abnormal loan growth and valuation of the selected banks in TSE.

Today, a common problem some financial institutions face is how to provide resources and determine non-interest income, and this problem becomes more complicated when institutions faced by financial constraints. Thus, identifying the type of non-interest income effect on their profitability and risk conditions leads investors to be able to easily invest and finance for their institutions. The statistical population includes 16 banks listed on TSE during the period from 2009 to 2015. In order to increase the number amount of observations for statistical analysis, all the banks are selected as research samples. To separate the banks with financial constraints and those without financial constraints the Z score is used. To test the research hypotheses Eviews software is employed. The research method is based on the pooled data approach and the multivariate regression model, and the basis for testing hypotheses is based on the Kelag method. The results show that the non-interest income has a significant effect on risk and profitability. Another result of the study is that the ability of non-interest income effect on risk reduction and increase in profitability for the banks with financial constraints is higher than that for the banks with no financial constraints.

Asset and liability management plays an important role in the banking and financial industry. Without managing asset and liability, any bank or financial industry is subject to bankruptcy. Therefore, in order to survive as a bank in the banking industry, analysis of asset and liability management and its costing measure helps to measure the value at risk for banks. Measuring the cost of asset and liability management helps not only minimize the risk but also achieve the financial goals of a bank. But this cost can be affected by changes in macroeconomic variables. Therefore, it is necessary to measure this cost for a bank to control it. In this paper, using the existing theoretical and empirical literature, and applying a DSGE model, the impact of macroeconomic variables on asset and liability management is modeled. The kernel distribution function is used to extract the critical threshold of the target macro variables. This function allows the researcher to determine the thresholds according to related variables trend behavior. The results of the survey show that in a recession along with a decline in GDP, asset and liability management costs are rising more than those when the price index and volume increases.

Banks, like other businesses, have always been trying to maximize their profits. In this regard, banks are working in a variety of ways to maximize their profits to a steady level of profit. The factors that are referred to as internal variables are mainly in the hands of banks; and banks, by choosing an optimal amount of these variables, seek to raise their profitability. Some of these factors are outside the control of banks, including macroeconomic variables. Accordingly, in this research, it has been tried to examine the effect of business cycles and the role that banks' ownership structure in these cycles can have on their profitability. For this purpose, using econometric analysis of panel data gathered during the years 2006-2017, the effect of the profitability of 18 domestic banks on business cycles has been investigated. The results show that the profitability of the whole sample has not been affected the business cycles during the period considered. But when using the ownership structure as a dummy variable, the effect of business cycles on the profitability of government banks from other banks results in the cyclicality of the profitability of these banks in the business cycle.

There are some fundamental differences between Islamic banking and conventional banking. These differences cover several areas including depositor's participation in investment, risk-sharing, interest rates, depositor's knowledge of the fate of deposit, and deposit insurance. These differences can be used to challenge the performance and efficiency of deposit insurance systems in the two aforementioned banking systems. Thus, the present article is aimed at investigating the need for deposit insurance schemes in both conventional and Islamic banking systems. The investigation is carried out by analyzing the differences between the two banking systems and comparing them in terms of their deposit insurance schemes. The results show that deposit insurance is more necessary in usury based banking system compared to the Islamic banking system. In addition, based on our study the Iranian banking system is more similar to the usurious banking system than its Islamic counterpart. This was indicative of the necessity of having a deposit insurance system in the Iranian banking system.