مجله دانشکده علوم پزشکی نیشابور
پیاپی 22 (بهار 1398)

In recent years, the properties of Satureja plant have been proven as an antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antispasmodic, stomach enhancer, pain relief as well as a cure for infectious diseases and digestive aids. In this study, the effect of adding Satureja extract on three levels (0.1, 0.09 and 0.08 %) in three replications was investigated on antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds and survival of Bifidobacterium bifidum bacteria and Lactobacillus acidophilus in the probiotic low calorie yogurt. We also evaluated these changes during 21 days of storage and compared with the control sample. The results showed that the number of lactobacillus acidophilus increased in all samples of yoghurt during the first to the fourteenth day after production. However, from 14th to 21st days after production, it was significantly lower than the first day of production. The highest number of lactobacillus acidophilus was found in probiotic yogurt containing 0.09 of satureja extract and also in 0.1, 0.08 as well as probiotic control cases. The results of antioxidant activity were indicated during the storage period. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in the yoghurt sample containing 0.1 satureja extracts. The phenolic compounds did not significantly decrease with increasing storage time until the 14th day. However, the difference was significant until the 21st day of storage. The results showed Satureja extract can be used as a functional extract in probiotic yogurt

The aim of the present study was to examine the protective effect aqueous extract of red Crataegus pentaegyna after high intensity running training on cardiac injury biomarkers in male rats. Twenty Wistar male rats, 140-173 g weight, were randomly classified into saline-control (SC), saline-training (ST), Crataegus-Pentaegyna -control (CPC), and Crataegus-Pentaegyna -training (CPT) groups. Training groups have performed a high-intensity running program (34 m/min, 60 min/day, 5 days/week) on a motor-driven treadmill for eight weeks. The CPC and CPT groups were orally fed with Crataegus-Pentaegyna extraction (500mg/kg) and the same amount of saline was given to the SC and ST groups. The rats were sacrificed seventy- two hours after the last training session. Then, the heart tissue was excised and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 °C. The plasma was also collected for measuring the biomarkers. Statistical analysis was performed using a one way analysis of variance, and significance was accepted at p< 0.05. The results showed the high intensity running significantly increased the levels of cTnI, LDH and CK in heart and plasma of rats. The levels of cTnI, LDH and CK in a CPC in heart and plasma were significantly decreased versus the ST group. Our findings showed that a Red Crataeguse-Pentaegyna may prevent the cardiac injury biomarkers in rats as a result of intensity endurance training.

Social anxiety disorder is the most prevalent anxiety disorder. The psychological therapy has focused on treating an aspect of damaged underlying factors in anxiety. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of group therapy based on emotional schema therapy on the decrease of anxiety sensitivity in women with social anxiety disorder. This study was the quasi-experimental type with pretest - posttest and control group. The study population consisted of all women with social anxiety disorder and have 18 to 35 years old who referred to the psychological clinic of the Ferdowsi university of Mashhad. According to the sample size in the previous research, 24 people were selected through convenience sampling method and were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then divided randomly into experimental and control groups. Clinical Structured Garfield and Marcus’s anxiety sensitivity questionnaire were used in this study. Emotional schema group therapy was performed in 10 sessions once a week. The questionnaire was completed in the post-test. Findings showed that Emotional schema group therapy reduced the anxiety sensitivity of the patients with social anxiety in the experimental group compared to the control group. (F=346/86, p<0/001., Mean of experimental group= 35/41) The use of emotional schema therapy can be effective in reducing the anxiety sensitivity of women with social anxiety disorder.

Malaria is an infectious disease which has caused serious problems in regard to human health. In order to control and cure Malaria, we need the correct diagnosis and required treatments. In the present report, we present a new automatic method for diagnosing Malaria and its parasite by using an image processing technique and nervous system. In this method, we started with pre-processing to separate the red globules from the image with the help of an active contour model. Then by using wavelet function, we separated 840 features from the image. Afterward, with the advantage of vector supporting machine, we categorized the globules into normal and abnormal. In comparison to the past, the process of diagnosis improved and we have reached the result of 99.78%. In the pre-processing level, the noiser which has been recognized for categorization of red globules separated from the choice and then by using wavelet, we extract the features. We have tested and analyzed the data by using some nervous system and vector supporting machine.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Artemisia persica (AP) extract on seizure and behavioral problems induced by PTZ in male rats. 70 male mice were randomly divided into the seven groups including control (normal saline), model (PTZ at a dose of 35 mg/kg with 48h intervals and at 60 mg/kg on the 10th day), intervention groups (PTZ with 48h intervals and extract at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg daily) and flumazenil and diazepam groups (PTZ, extract at 400 mg/kg and flumazenil or diazepam on the 10th day). Tail suspension test (TST), rotarod, elevated plus maze (EPM) and open -filed were used to evaluate behavioral disorders. Treatment of PTZ-kindled mice with Artemisia persica extract and diazepam caused a significant increase in a seizure onset time (P<0.05). A significant reduction in the center square entrance in the open-field test and a significant increase in the duration of immobility time in the TST were observed in the PTZ-kindled mice (P <0.05). Treatment with different doses of Artemisia persicaextract resulted in minor and non-significant improvement of these parameters. PTZ also increased the number of entries and the time elapsed in the closed arm and reduced the number of entries and the time elapsed in the open arm of the EPM. The Artemisia persicaextract caused a minor and non-significant improvement. Different doses of Artemisia persica extract showed no significant effect against seizure, depression, and anxiety caused by PTZ in mice. It is suggested that future studies focus on plant compounds.​

One of the reasons for drug resistance in Escherichiacoli isolates is the production of broad-spectrum beta-lactamases. The widespread use of antibiotics in the agricultural and dairy industry has led to raisingin antibiotic resistance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the phenotypic and molecular ESBLs production among E. coli isolated from food. This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out by 93 E. coli isolated from food and poultry in Hamadan in 2017. Then, the microbial susceptibility of the beta-lactamase producing isolates was determined using the (Combined teat CT) method and according to CLSI (2015) guidelines. Also, molecular identification of genes producing ESBLs (blaSHV, blaCTX-1, and blaTEM-1) was performed by PCR method. Evaluation of microbial susceptibility showed that the highest antibiotic resistance was observed for nalidixic acid (%88.4), ampicillin (%76.8), tetracycline (%82.8), and sulfomethoxazole (%67). Resistance to ceftazidime, Cefoxitin, aztreonam, cefotaxime was not observed in this study. The genotypic study by PCR method showed that the frequency of blaSHV, blaCTX-1, and blaTEM-1genes in E. coli isolated from food (%5.37), (%19.35) and (%29.03), respectively. E.coli isolated from food showed high resistance to antibiotics such as ampicillin, sulfomethoxazole, and tetracycline. On the other hand, the PCR method is more sensitive than the culture method.

Size and strength of skeletal muscles are reduced during aging. It seems research on potential interventions that can reduce the loss of function is very important. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of combined exercise with and without blood flow restriction on serum levels of myostatin, folinolatin and IGF-1 in the elderly women. 40 older women with ranging from 55-70 years were randomly divided into four groups, 1) combined exercises with a blood flow restriction, 2) low intensity exercise without blood flow restriction, 3) combined exercise with high intensity without blood flow restriction and 4) control group. The Training program included resistance and aerobic training in eight weeks (three sessions per week). Serum levels of myostatin, follistatin and IGF-1 were measured before and after the training period. One-way repeated-measures ANOVA was used to assess the effect of training protocols. The significance level was set at P <0.05. There was a significant difference among the groups in serum follistatin and myostatin levels (p = 0.0001). Although there was a significant increase in the pre-post test level of IGF-1, there was no significant change in the level of IGF-1 among the groups (p>0.05). The use of combined exercise with vascular occlusion in elderly women leads to positive effects of anabolic agents in preventing muscle atrophy. It is recommended that combined exercise includes in the training program for elderly women.

The aim of this study was to evaluat the protective effect of osteocalcin on testis tissue in adult azoospemic mice.
Method and materials
25 Adult male mice were divided into five groups: the control group received normal saline for two months, PBS- DMSO group (received DMSO and after 5weeks they received PBS for 30 days), and busulfan group received a single dose of 40mg/kg busulfan intra-peritoneally, and busulfan-PBS group received 40mg/kg busulfan and after 5 weeks PBS daily for a month, and the busulfan- osteocalcin group received 3ng/g/d osteocalcin, daily for one month, 5 weeks after a single dose of busulfan. Finally, after removal of the testis, tissues were fixed in bouin solution and stained by H&E. the sections were evaluated, and morphometric tests were done. No significant reduction was found in body weights of the groups, however, left testis weight in the osteocalcin group showed a significant raise in comparison with the azoospermic group (p˂0/05). Moreever, a significant increase in seminiferous tubule diameter was observed in the osteocalcin group in comparison with the control group (p˂0/05). Testicular epithelium height was significantly increased in the osteocalcin group versus the azoospermic group (p˂0/05). There weren’t any significant changes in sertoli, leidyg, myoid counting among all the groups. The total number of spermatocyte, round spermatid, elongated spermatid, and spermatogonia cells showed a significant increase in the osteocalcin group in compared to the busulfan and busulfan-PBS groups (p˂0/05). Osteocalcin can improve the cytotoxic effect of busulfan on spermatogenic cells, also can improve spermatogenesis.

Diabetes is the leading cause of mortality. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of interval and continuous training with resveratrol on the apoptosis markers (Bax and Bcl2) of heart tissue in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. In this experimental study, wistar male rats were divided into 8 groups (control-healthy (n=7), control diabetes (n=7), diabetes-saline, diabetes-supplement, diabetes-continuous training, diabetes-interval training, diabetes- continuous training- supplement, and diabetes- interval training -supplement).
The main continuous training program included 8 weeks, five sessions per week, 15-20 m / min and 60 minutes and interval training included 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week. Resveratrol at a dose of 20 mg per kg body weight was injected to the supplement groups.  The rats have been sacrificed 48 hours after the last trainingand supplements session> Then, the heart tissue is removed and used to measure the desired variables. The heart levels of BAX and Bcl2 showed a significant difference between the groups (P = 0.046). The data showed a significant difference between the control diabetes with the diabetes-supplement, diabetes-continuous training, diabetes-interval training, diabetes- continuous training- supplement, diabetes- interval training -supplement (P <0.001). The results of this study showed that exercise trainings increase the Bcl2 and decrease Bax levels. This improvement was higher when resveratrol was used.

Antidepressants and anti-anxiety drugs have been used in recent years, and most of these drugs have serious side effects as well as likely to affect the quality of life of patients. In this area, exercise has beneficial effects for the health of individuals which can be recommended as a non-prescriptive therapeutic approach for depression and anxiety. In the present study, 48 male rats were selected and separated from their mothers from 2 to 14 days during 180 minutes. Then, to determine the experimental and control groups, on the 21st day, these randomly assigned random variables were divided into the four groups. The groups experienced maternal separation from 2 to 14 days, except for the control group that was kept at the beginning with the mother. Training groups began practicing on the treadmill since the 21st birthday. Then, the testosterone and cortisol levels of all groups were measured. The training groups also started treadmill workout on the 21st birthday. The testosterone and cortisol levels of all groups were measured and the data were statistically analyzed by T and ANOVA methods at a significant level (P< 0.05). The results showed the maternal stress severity significantly increased cortisol and decreased testosterone levels. On the other hand, exercise showed an increase in the testosterone levels compared to the stress and fluoxetine groups. It also significantly reduced cortisol levels. The results of the study showed the exercise reduced stress and decreased depression and anxiety behaviors in adulthood during adolescence.

Antibiotic resistance is increasing in gram-negative bacteria that cause urinary tract infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate antibiotic resistance pattern and frequency of broad-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) among gram-negative bacteria isolated from urine samples referred to clinical laboratories in Bandar Torkaman, Iran. In this study, 138 positive urine samples were collected from patients with suspected urinary tract infection. In positive samples, gram-negative europathogens were identified using standard microbiological and biochemical tests and their antibiotic resistance patterns were determined by propagation in the disk method. Then, a phenotypic confirmatory test was performed for the detection of ESBLs producers. 96 samples were positive for urinary infection due to gram-negative bacteria. The most isolated cases were: Escherichia coli (88.5%), Klebsiella pneumonia (5.2%), Enterobacter cloace (4.2%) and pseudomonas aerouginosa (2.1%). The E. coli isolates showed the highest resistance to ampicillin, nitrofurantoin and cefalotin and the lowest resistance to norfloxacin. Of the 35 isolates resistant to cefotaxime, 29 isolates were positive for ESBLs. In this study, the most common cause of UTI was E. coli (88.5%). The frequency of ESBLs in E. coli isolates was similar to the results of other studies but it was very high inK. pneumonia isolates. The results of this study indicate an increasing trend of resistance to Extended-Spectrum cephalosporins. Therefore, antibiogram test before the antibiotic prescription could be a retional strategy to avoid further antibiotic resistance.

The use of anabolic-androgenic steroids by athletes has some effects on the structure and function of the organs of the body, such as the genital system. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of anabolic steroid Boldenone, endurance and resistance training on testicular tissue damage in Wistar rats 77 Wistar rats were randomly divided into the eleven equal groups: control, sham, Boldenone, Gallic acid + Resistance training + Boldenone, Resistance training + Boldenone, Gallic acid + Endurance training + Boldenone, zizyphus jujube + Endurance training + Boldenone, Endurance training + Boldenone, zizyphus jujube + Resistance training + Boldenone, Gallic acid + Boldenone, zizyphus jujube + Boldenone. The resistance exercise protocol consisted of three exercise sessions per week of the climbing ladder for eight weeks, and endurance training for each session 30 minutes at a speed of 12 m / min. Data analysis was performed by two way analysis of variance. The highest rate of tissue failure and degenerative changes were observed in the Boldenone group. The diameter and size of the Seminiferoustubules are equal and the base membrane is normal in the Boldenone + zizyphus jujube and Boldenone + Resistance training groups. However, the diameter of the tubes was different for each other in the Boldenone+ endurance training group. Boldonone can damage testicular tissue structure and degenerative changes. It is possible that resistance training with jujube supplementation to endurance training can reduce the testicular tissue damage-induced the boldonone injection.