فصلنامه برنامه ریزی فضایی (جغرافیا)
سال هشتم شماره 4 (پیاپی 31، زمستان 1397)

The purpose of this study is to identify the challenges and obstacles before lacustrine green entrepreneurship in the villages of Sistan province. The sample population of this study, in addition to 11 rural and agricultural experts, consisted all the residents of 7 villages in Sistan province. According to the Cochran formula, 120 people were selected and randomly questioned. For analyzing the data, Fuzzy Hierarchical Analysis (FAHP), Gray-Relationship Grade Analysis Method (GRA), and single-sample T-test were used in SPSS software. Results of fuzzy hierarchical analysis from the experts' questionnaire show that the Infrastructure and technical factor -with the influence coefficient of (0.41)- got the first rank; the economic factor with the influence coefficient of (0.39), got the second rank; the educational-supportive and socio-cultural factor, respectively, with the average of (0.11) and (0.09) percent, ranked third and fourth in creating the limitations faced by green entrepreneurship. Also, the results of rural questionnaire (single sample T) show that the challenge of green entrepreneurship in two technical-technical dimensions with an average (3.13) and economic (3) percent is higher than the theoretical one and two educational dimensions - Social and cultural support, with average (2.46) and (1.92%) respectively, won the third and fourth ranks in creating green entrepreneurship constraints. Also, in all aspects examined, the indicators of purchasing green goods at low prices by speculators, the inadequacy of government support in the development of the product market, and the non-export of products to neighboring provinces; respectively with the averages of 4.55, 4.35 and 4.30 have won the most points. With the aim of ranking villages with entrepreneurial challenges, using the (GRA) technique, it was determined that 6 villages had a coefficient over 50% (high challenge), and only one village had a coefficient of less than 50% (low challenge).

Previous earthquake experiences in Iran, indicate the lack of a any housing program, based on the spatial capacity of the affected community. Due to the high vulnerability of historical tissues and in order to reduce the aroused social and economic costs, locating the temporary housing for earthquake victims, is of the most important challenges for planners, therefore requiring the planning and redesigning. Considering the existing potential focal points, including abandoned buildings and arid lands, temporary placing of earthquake victims in these tissues, enjoys the capacities which, in the case of being benefited correctly, social psychological damages caused by the crisis, will be reduced to a minimum. It is expected that with the proper placement of temporary settlements, rather than focusing our planning, based on local capacities, some areas be also provided for reducing social threats and economic dimensions. The current study is quantitative and based on data analysis. In the field of methodology, while conducting library studies and exploring the earthquake issue in historical contexts and field surveys -based on GIS software and hierarchical method (AHP)- proper places for temporary settlement, have been prioritized and determined. research findings indicate that the distance from previous settlements, selected places for settlement (Available capacities), distance from access pathways, distance from the relief centers and the crisis centers; were considered as the most important factors influencing on locating temporary settlements. In Mohtasham's neighborhood, there are open spaces, deserted and ruined spaces as well as water reservoirs, considered as the potential capacities, located in a safe area, having the ability to switch to temporary settlements; In such a way that by designing or rehabilitation them, all the residents can be placed near their residence site; while providing 16 square meters of living space for each person.

One of the ways to increase the quality of the environment is paying attention to the issue of pedestrianism, and supporting the social and cultural activities. Obviously, the promotion of pedestrianism indicators, is depended on detailed planning in different areas, and paying attention to the effective details on the quality of the environment, including pedestrian network supporting spaces. One of the strategies for the success of urban development projects, is carrying down the residents-based assessments. In this paper, the central tissue of Shahrekord is selected as the statistical population of the research, and we are investigating the performance of the pedestrian network supporting spaces in this area, using Cochran's sampling. The purpose of this paper is measuring the residents' Satisfaction level, from supportive spaces in the pedestrian network. The central tissue of Shahrekord, based on the new-urbanism Approach. This is an applied journal, with a descriptive-analytical method; while data gathering being done by questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha coefficient is used to determine the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. Its analysis was done by Kruskal–Wallis test. Examining the position and function of the selected supporting spaces indicates that the distribution of backup spaces, supports the existing pedestrian structure. With Historical buildings, Business centers, and Public Transportation Terminals having the most Satisfaction, And the least satisfaction being related to Cultural and artistic activities, green spaces and recreational areas. It seems that strengthening the pedestrian network supporting spaces, causes to promote the satisfaction of residents from the Environment quality, while considered as an effective step in promoting the pedestrianism.

Squares play an important role in improving the quality of urban environments, but most of current urban environments, including squares, especially central and historical squares, do lack of proper quality and desirability. This study aims at identifying the affective factors, on the squares' desirability, and offering solutions for increasing the desirability of current status of Tabriz's central and historical square, called Saa'at Square. The present study is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods in data collection from a semi-structured interview with 50 residents of Tabriz city using purposeful sampling and data saturation method. To analyze the data obtained from the interview, the content analysis method has been used, and for the quantitative method, the TOPSIS method has been used. Results show that two factors of location attachment, and sociality, have the most and the least effect on the desirability of Tabriz Square. Among the threefold components affecting the attachment to the field, the component of the field's symbolism is the most significant indicator in this field. Therefore, results of the research to improve the desirability of this square, call for paying more attention to socializing factors -in particular the component of the sense of security in it, as well as the diversity of activities and uses, as well as the factors of visual attraction and creating collective memories in it, especially the component of the sense of survival in its space, and responsiveness to the needs of users by the urban authorities and planners. In this regard, solutions such as creating more green spaces and more pedestrians, creating recreational and cultural spaces, increasing the size of the square, preserving its historical texture, creating uses such as traditional market in order to preserve the city's culture and ..., are offered to promote the desirability of the Tabriz Saa'at Square. Innovational aspect of the present research, is in paying attention to the desirability of this historical square, using a quantitative-quantitative combinational research method.

High vulnerability in rural areas and the incapability of rural development approaches and programs through the past decades, have led to the introduction of prevention -in the form of sustainability approach, derived from the sustainability paradigm, considered as the only approach to address the vulnerability of rural areas- and, in order to achieve this, emphasize on the necessity of livability conditions in rural areas. In the study area also, the economic, social and natural conditions, has placed weaknesses and opportunities in the face of survivability and resilience of villages; the way of dealing with and utilizing them in different parts of this ciounty, should be known. explain the relationship between these two categories (resilience and livability), in Rural Areas of Marivan City. throughout this applied research, based on the descriptive-analytical method, the data were collected by documentary method in the theoretical part; and in the practical part, by survey method based on random distribution of questionnaire among 300 of households in the villages of the city, determined by Cochran method out of 11401 households. It should be noted that the questionnaires were categorically distributed among villages and rural districts, choosen based on lotteries. Data analysis was performed using inferential statistics (paired t-test, path analysis), and spatial statistics indices, in the GIS environment (Moran index, and Hot spots tool). final results indicated positive, direct and significant correlation between resilience and livability of villages in the studied area, in the form of cluster distribution of hot spots. In addition, by considering the inferential findings; the economic dimension, also the indicator of the level of adaptability and adaptation to threats; are studied as the main predictors of the livability and resilience amount, in the area. Opening the notion of resilience, beside and for maintaining the livable conditions in the rural environment, was the main research innovation.

faults are the most important factor in creating an earthquake, basically, having different seismic powers, and able to create small and large earthquakes. Therefore, identifying the faults found in each region, and recognizing their type and range of activities, can greatly reduce the damage caused by their performance. this research tries to evaluate the relationship between the fault's lineament index, and seismicity, along the railway lines of Hormozgan Province. The lineament index, as a quantitative measure of the severity of fault in each region, is a function that in processing of which, the number, length, and intersection of the faults per area-unit, are subjected to computational calculation. For this purpose, the faults of the region, in a distance of 100 kilometers from the railway lines, are extracted from the railway lines using the geological maps and radar images and then the lineament index is calculated using the Arc GIS software, and finally preparing this Location map, using this index. Investigating the relationship between seismic data and fault density, with the distribution pattern of lineament index, indicates the relative correlation between faults density, also the distribution pattern of earthquakes with the lineament index in the studied area. In a way that, results showed that 15.33% of the total seismicity occurred in the area (the seismicity higher than 4 Richter) in the Pf5 index category, encompassed only 4.26% of the total area surface. And only 3.54% of the earthquakes occurred in the Pf1 index category, which accounted for the highest percent (27.07%) of the region. In other words, by increasing the lineament index, the density of earthquakes occurred in the area is also increased. This research is unprecedented due to its study of the fault density, as well as the relationship between the fault lineament's area and the number of earthquakes.