فهرست مطالب

Azarian Journal of Agriculture
Volume:4 Issue: 1, Feb 2017

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1395/12/21
  • تعداد عناوین: 4
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  • Kamrun Nahar Mili, Bir Jahangir Shirazy *, Md. Mostofa Mahbub Pages 1-6
    The physiological divergence was assessed in twenty-seven soybean genotypes by using principal component analysis, cluster mean analysis, principal coordinate analysis and canonical variate analysis to identify parental genotypes for the future breeding program in order to develop new high yielding varieties in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The genotypes under the experiment were grouped into five clusters. The highest number of genotypes found in cluster III. The highest intra-cluster distance was found in cluster II and while cluster V showed no intra-cluster distance values which revealed homogenous nature of the genotype within the cluster. The highest inter-cluster distance was found between cluster I and IV followed by I and V. Cluster II have early flowering genotypes whereas early maturity in cluster III and most of the desirable traits were found in cluster IV. Days to first flowering and pod length from cluster II, whereas pods per plant and yield per plant from cluster IV have the positive relative contribution to the entire divergence. According to principal component scores, LG-92P-1176 followed by KANH-33, AGS-79, MTD-452, GMOT-17, GC-82-332411, MTD-451 and BS-33 have the prominent influence towards varietal improvement. Selecting genotypes from distant clusters probably provide promising recombinants and better segregants for the future breeding platform.
    Keywords: Cluster analysis, genotype, genetic variation, principal component analysis
  • Mohammad Reza Morshedloo, Mohammad Nabizadeh, Morteza Akramian, Darab Yazdani* Pages 7-11
    St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) is the most important species of the genus Hypericum and produces a wide range of chemical constituents including essential oil. Regarding advantages of in vitro culture techniques in production of desired metabolites, the present study was aimed to investigate volatile constituents of H. perforatum shoots cultured in different basal media. Shoot cultures were established by culturing six nodes of aseptic plants in three liquid media including MS (Murashige and Skoog), B5 (Gamborg B-5) and half-strength B5 containing 30 g L-1 sucrose and 0.5 mg L-1 BA (6-benzyladenine). According to the results, growth and profile of volatile constituents of cultured shoots were affected by the type of medium used and shoots cultured in the B5 medium exhibited the highest growth which was reached to 42.95 g flask-1. On the other hand, 44 components were totally identified by GC-FID and GC-MS analysis of essential oils of cultured shoots. Decane (27.7%), menthol (8.9%), methyl decanoate (4.6%) and β-elemene (4.6%) were the major volatile constituents of the shoots cultured in MS medium, while eudesma4(15),7-dien-1-β-ol (8.1-7.5%), thymol (7-7.2%) and 1,4-trans-1,7-trans-acorenone (5.2-5.5%) were found as the principal components of shoots cultured in B5 and half-strength B5 media.
    Keywords: Essential oil, Hypericum perforatum L., In vitro culture, Shoot culture
  • Victor Okereke*, Monday Godwin, Egein, Chinwe Mordi Pages 12-17
    Mycotoxin producing fungi are important pathogens affecting stored maize grains. Conventional management strategies using synthetic chemicals are expensive, hazardous and environmentally unfriendly. This has necessitated the search for alternatives in botanicals. Market sampling of maize grains were carried out in five markets in Port Hartcourt, Nigeria, namely; Choba-main and Choba junction, Rumuosi, Aluu and Ozuoba, to evaluate the occurrence of mycotoxin-producing fungi. Studies were then carried out in the laboratory to evaluate the efficacy of water leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica, Garcina kola, Moringa oliefera, Ocimium gratissimum, Gongronema latifolium and Vernonia amygdalina at three different concentrations (2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% w/v) on the prevalent fungus. Result from the market sampling showed that Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Pennicillin sp were commonly isolated from the maize grains with Aspergillus niger having the highest occurrence. Choba markets were observed to have the highest percentage occurrence of Aspergillus niger (66-100%). Laboratory studies showed that Gongronema latifolium, effectively reduced the growth of A. niger on PDA media and leaf extract concentration at 7.5% was the most effective.
    Keywords: Aspergillus niger, Choba, Concentrations, Leaf extract, Maize, Mycelial
  • Kazem Ghassemi, Golezani*, Sohrab Mamnabi, Safar Nasrollahzadeh Pages 18-23
    A sub-sample of maize seeds (cv. SC-AR68) with a 100% germination was kept as control, and two other sub-samples were artificially deteriorated at 40 °C for 2 and 3 days, reducing normal germination to 98% and 93%, respectively. Consequently, three seed lots of maize with different levels of vigor were provided. Each seed lot was then divided into four sub-samples, one unprimed and the other three lots were primed in distilled water at 15 °C for 7, 14 and 21 hours, and then dried back to initial moisture content (about 20%) at a room temperature of 20–22 °C for 24 hours. The field experiment was arranged as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Although germination percentage of seed lots was not significantly affected by hydro-priming, germination rate and seedling dry weight were considerably enhanced as a result of seed priming. Hydro-priming for 21 hours enhanced seedling emergence rate of all seed lots with different levels of vigor. This hydro-priming duration also increased grain yield of maize by about 32%, although this superiority was not statistically significant. This advantage in grain yield of plants from primed seeds was related with rapid germination and seedling growth and early emergence in the field.
    Keywords: Germination, grain yield, hydro-priming, seedling emergence, seed vigor