نشریه سیاست نامه علم و فناوری
سال هشتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 24، پاییز 1397)

In the 1990s, wWith the diminution of the role of international oil companies in technology development in the upstream oil industry, oilfield services companies are responsible for identifying and providing the technological needs of the upstream oil industry. Given the high risk and cost of developing and commercializing technologies with radical innovations, leading oilfield services companies are pursuing incremental innovations that have led to the emergence of tech startups to the upstream oil industry with the mission of carrying out often radical innovations. Nowadays, the edge of technology in many of the technological areas of the upstream oil industry is in the hand of a large number of small knowledge-based companies, most of which are often based on successful tech-startups. In the future, startups as the arm of the development of radical technologies in the upstream oil industry are highly regarded by the managers of innovative firms in the upstream oil industry. Based on this, after reviewing the trend of changes in the approaches and the role of upstream oil industry players in technology development, this paper outline the role of tech startups as innovation engines in the upstream oil industry and their specific challenges are discussed in this area.

The experience of industrial countries shows that over time, a country attempts to industrialize the ladder ladder as soon as possible, comparing the comparative advantage, that is from the state of the commodities of primary goods and goods that are dependent on natural resources, to the exporter of goods Which are affiliated with the workforce. In the next step, it will become an exporter of IT products and eventually become exporter of knowledgeable goods. This is despite the fact that Iran, given the high potential of highly skilled manpower, does not have much to contribute to the export of high tech products and know-how, or in other words, it has a comparative advantage in the lower steps. Therefore, the presence of Iran in the field of high-tech industries requires proper planning, adopting appropriate supportive policies, and in one word, requires a vertical-selective policy in accordance with different time horizons. Vertical-selective policies are a set of measures in the short, medium, and long-term horizons of export goods and major export destinations. Therefore, the country must have measures that can be used to grow its currency and its continuity, what goods to export to and which countries there are, or whether there are problems or problems and obstacles to their realization.

Scientific journals are regarded as one of the channels for establishing scientific communication among actors in scientific activities. The scientific journal is a publication for the people of science that the features of such journals are important in modernity and the presentation of its content meanwhile, one of the important activities of researchers is the recognition of specialized journals in their field. The purpose of this article is to introduce the most important internal and external journals in the field of strategic management. Therefore, with the approach of library research methodology, the main journals of this field have been identified and introduced with the help of scientific databases and internal and external information sources. The results show that 28 internal journals and 45 foreign journals are the most important strategic management journals, with detailed functional results detailed in the paper.

Firms are increasingly moving towards acquiring innovations from external sources in order to remain innovative and make economic profits. These firms use a variety of strategies in sourcing innovation from outside, including outsourcing, joint ventures, licensing and open innovation. This paper investigates the factors that influence the decision of firms in selecting among various available strategies for acquiring innovation.

The flow of knowledge is the continuous observation of strategy, process, and technology that is used to acquire, select, organize, decide, and apply specialties and vital information for businesses to improve the quality of decision making and business. Entrepreneurship in today's organizations requires creativity and innovation, and organizations in most developed countries are moving from bureaucratic to organizational entrepreneurship. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge flow approach and its role in organizational entrepreneurship. The research method is a review of library documents. The results of the research showed that the study of existing models in the flow of knowledge revealed that the flow of knowledge in order to develop the organization's needs for entrepreneurial needs is the appropriate ideas of the organization. Also from the perspective of organizational entrepreneurship models, it became clear that the main channel of influencing the flow of knowledge on organizational entrepreneurship is the development of knowledge in the organization and the development of ideas, inventions and discoveries. Finally, it was suggested that research and development departments in organizations and companies be established to increase the capacity for developing knowledge and create new approaches in the knowledge of the organization.

The purpose of this study is investigating the capabilities of Internet of Things usage in administrative system of Yazd province. This research is an applied and descriptive study. In this research, by studying literature, IOT 's applications were identified in the administrative system. Then using Delphi panel including 15 experts, a consensus was reached on 36 applications. These applications were the basis of the questionnaire. The statistical population of the research was all experts of ICT in Yazd province including 120 experts. We sent questionnaires to all the members. Data analysis was done using SPSS 20 software. Nine factors were extracted from exploratory factor analysis, namely: improving and making processes smart, improving the quality of working life, improving supervision, saving energy and costs, reducing corruption, improving the quality of services provided, improving the enterprise resources information system, increasing the accuracy of services and improving productivity. These nine factors account for a total of 70.257% of variance of the IOT. The results of Friedman test showed that among nine factors, the factor of improving and making processes smart is the most important factor.