فهرست مطالب

Medical Laboratory - Volume:6 Issue: 2, May 2019

International Journal of Medical Laboratory
Volume:6 Issue: 2, May 2019

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1398/02/11
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Najmeh Davoodian*, Ali Kadivar, Heidar Heidari Khoie, Sima Hematian Khayat, Mahboobeh Heidari Nasirabadi Pages 85-92
    Background and Aims
    New advances in the use of cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) in maternal plasma of pregnant women has provided the possibility of applying cffDNA in prenatal diagnosis as a non-invasive method. One of the applications of prenatal diagnosis is fetal gender determination. Early prenatal determination of fetal sex is required for pregnant women at risk of X-linked and some endocrine diseases. The present study was carried out to perform an efficient polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method in order to improve sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of non-invasive fetal gender detection using fetal DNA in maternal plasma during 8th -12th weeks of pregnancy.
    Materials and Methods
    Thirty-five pregnant women with 8 to 12 weeks of pregnancy were selected for prenatal fetal sex determination. Maternal peripheral blood was collected and cffDNA was extracted from 3-ml of maternal plasma. Two multi copy Y-chromosome-specific region (DYS and DAZ) and a single copy gene (SRY) were amplified by real-time quantitative PCR. Amplification was labeled as positive, negative, or inconclusive according to a stringent algorithm.
    Results
    Using this method, the sensitivity and specificity of the real-time PCR assay was 100% and 93.8% for prenatal fetal sex detection, respectively.
    Conclusions
    It is concluded that fetal sex can be determined with a high level of accuracy by our algorithm, after 8 weeks of gestation with cffDNA analysis.
    Keywords: Cell-free DNA, Real-Time PCR, Sex-determination
  • Hamid Reza Jamshidi*, Elham Ebrahimi Pages 93-99
    Background and Aims
    Diabetes is one of the most important endocrine disrupters and is associated with various hormones, including those that can lead to diabetes. Glucocorticoid use may lead to insulin resistance. Dexamethasone is one of these glucocorticoid compounds. Glutamate dehydrogenase plays a key role in the production of glutamate in the secretion of insulin. Based on these hormonal interactions, the aim of this study was to determine the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase and insulin secretion in dexamethasone-exposed mice.
    Materials and Methods
    Twenty eight mice were divided into 4 experimental groups. Group 1 received standard normal saline as a control. Group 2 received standard food and received 1 mg / kg dexamethasone per day. Group 3 received standard diet and dexamethasone 3 mg / kg / day and group 4 with standard diet 5 mg / kg dexamethasone per day. After 21 days, the animals were killed, the pancreas and glutamate dehydrogenase, insulin, and serum glucose levels were determined.
    Results
    Dexamethasone increased serum glucose levels significantly (P <0.05). Dexamethasone increased the glutamate dehydrogenase activity and insulin levels in dexamethasone treated mice (p<0.05)
    Conclusions
    These results suggestd that dexamethasone increases glucose which leads to elevating glutamate dehydrogenase activity, and then increasing insulin. However, insulin was not enough to normalize glucose levels and
    led to hyperglycemia. Therefore, it is suggested to reduce dexamethasone administration.
    Keywords: Dexamethasone, Glutamate dehydrogenase, Insulin, Mice
  • Behnaz Nateghi, Elaheh Shams, Parisa Behshood, Sima Fathullahzadeh, Mansoor Salehi* Pages 100-106
    Background and Aims
    Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common adult human leukemia. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression. Research has shown that in CLL, microRNAs can have function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Some studies demonstrated that the expression of microRNA-93 (miR-93) and microRNA-330 (miR-330) have been changed in several cancers, including lung, prostate, and colon cancer. We aimed to elucidate the changes in miR-93 and miR-330 expression in CLL patients in comparison with controls.
    Materials and Methods
    In this case-control study, the expression levels of miR-93 and miR-330 was evaluated in 30 CLL patients who had referred to Omid Hospital, Isfahan, Iran, and 30 controls in peripheral blood mononuclear cells using reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR).
    Results
    The expression of miR-93 and miR-330 were found to significantly increase in CLL patients compared with controls (p<0.0001).
    Conclusions
    The findings indicated that miR-93 and miR-330 are probably the novel potential biomarker for early diagnosis of CLL, at least in Iranian patients. However, for a decisive result, further investigations are warranted.
    Keywords: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, microRNA, miR-93, miR-330
  • Darya Ghadimi, Mohammad Taghi Goodarzi*, Mahdi Bahmani, Zohre Khajeahmadi Pages 107-114
    Background and Aims
    Small dense  low-density lipoproteins (sd-LDL) particles are smaller and heavier than typical LDL ones. They can penetrate into the endothelium of coronary arteries more easily because of their small size. Diabetes mellitus is accompanied by dyslipidemia such as increasing concentration of plasma very low density lipoprotein and sd-LDL. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ ) can decrease the level of sd-LDL in plasma. Biochanin A (BCA), a natural compound, is a PPARγ agonist. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of BCA on sd-LDL-Clolesterol level in diabetic animals.
    Materials and Methods
    Adult male rats (Wistar strain) were used as the animal models in this study. Animals were made diabetic by single intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin- Nicotinamide and then treated by 1 and 5 mg/kg of BCA for 28 days. Body weight and fasting blood glucose were also tested before and at the end of treatment. Furthermore, the size of LDL particles were measured by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis assay.
    Results
    Results of the present study indicated that BCA administration at dose of 5mg/kg decreased fasting blood glucose level and increased body weight and diameter of LDL particles in diabetic animals significantly.
    Conclusions
    BCA seems to be an appropriate agent in diabetes mellitus, because it improves the diabetic dyslipidemia, which is the most important complication in diabetic patients.
    Keywords: Biochanin A, Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, Isoflavonoid, PPARγ gamma
  • Nasrin Pazoki, Farnosh Naseri* Pages 115-123
    Background and Aims
    To date, several factors have been reported in recurrent miscarriage. Genetic mutations are the most important causative factors in women. Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy is a new described placental alteration with varying degrees of involvement and often associated with adverse prenatal outcomes. The diagnosis is made histologically and so is postnatal, which makes it a challenge in clinical practice. The aim of the present study is investigation of the common mutations in women with recurrent miscarriage.
    Materials and Methods
    A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 women with a history of recurrent miscarriage fetus in 2018. In these patients, several genes such as MTHFR, F2, F5 Leiden, PAI1, F13 and FGB were analyzed by sequencing techniques. The most common mutations in these genes were sequenced and analyzed.
    Results
    According to statistical results obtained, MTHFR gene (C677T, A1298C) has the highest rate (50 %) of common mutations (p=0.001). After that F2 (G20210A) and F5 Leiden (G1691A) have the highest statistical values (each one 20%). In addition to these genes, there are other unknown mutations which have not been studied in terms of pathogenicity. Other genes have a smaller percentage of aborted fetus infrequently.
    Conclusions
    Common polymorphisms in the thrombophilic system are likely to result in abortion in these subjects, due to impaired coagulation of the mother and the fetus. Investigating the presence of common mutations and examining their association with other mutations in the thrombophilia as a prognostic in patients with recurrent miscarriage is necessary.
    Keywords: Mutation, Recurrent miscarriage, Thrombophilia
  • Vahid Nasiri*, Farnoosh Jameie, Habibollah Paykari Pages 124-130
    Background and Aims
    The protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania are the causative agents of various clinical diseases. Different methods of cultivation of Leishmania parasites are available. In the present study, the efficacy of the LB broth with rabbit lyophilized anti-sheep red blood cell haemolysin was evaluated in the cultivation of promastigotes of Leishmania major.
    Materials and Methods
    Conventional LB broth medium was prepared and autoclaved for 15 min at 121°C and then lyophilized rabbit anti-sheep cell haemolysin was added at 1-10% final concentrations. The efficacy of the medium was evaluated by assessing the growth ability and replication patterns of the promastigotes of Leishmania major.
    Results
    Medium with 1-10% lyophilized rabbit haemolysin supported the growth of the parasites and can be used for cultivation of Leishmania parasites with acceptable In vivo infectivity for research purpose.
    Conclusions
    The ability of the parasites to survive and proliferate in the presence of lyophilized rabbit haemolysin indicates that this material is a good nutritional source. This study opens a new way to make low-cost medium that can be used in cultivation of Leishmania parasites.
    Keywords: Leishmania major, lyophilized Rabbit anti-Sheep Cell Haemolysin, fetal calf serum
  • Ali Fattahi Bafghi, Moneyreh Modares Mosadegh*, Mehrdad Ghaemi, Seyed Hassan Hejazian Pages 131-137
    Background and Aims
    Because of the toxicity and side-effects of synthetic drugs, there is a growing interest in biomedical plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro antileishmanial activity of Carum copticum essential oil against Leishmania (L) major.
    Materials and Methods
    Nineteen experimental groups were designed to determine the effect of Carum copticum essential oil against L. major and compare it with Meglumine antimonite. Group 1 was the control group and included 200 µl of RPMI 1640 plus 2×105 cells/ml promastigotes. Groups 2-10 included the aforementioned substances plus 10 µl of 0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 µg/ml of Carum copticum essential oil respectively. Groups 11-19 were similar to groups 2-10 but Meglumine antimonite (0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 µg/ml) was used instead of Carum copticum essential oil. All the experiments were repeated five times. After 8 hours, the antileishmanial activities of studied substances were determined.
    Results
    Up to concentration of 0.5 µg/ml, no effect was observed with both substances. In comparison to control group, at 1 and 2 µg/ml, Meglumine antimonite had no effect on Leishmaniasis (p>0.05) while Carum copticum essential oil significantly decreased Leishmaniasis viability (p<0.05). Moreover, at 3 µg/ml, both compounds significantly decreased Leishmaniasis viability (p<0.05). However, Carum copticum essential oil had substantially better Antileishmanial activity than the other.  
    Conclusions
    These results suggest that comparable concentrations, in vitro antileishmanial activity of Carum copticum essential oil is better than Meglumine antimonite.
    Keywords: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Carum copticum, Anti Leishmanial activity, Leishmania major, Promastigote
  • Saam Torkan*, Hassan Momtaz Pages 138-144
    Background and Aims
    Leptospirosis is a spirochetal disease with public health importance globally. This disease affects a wide range of domestic and wild animals. Dogs are one of the species most sensitive to Leptospira canicola and Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae. The present study was concluded to evaluate the prevalence rate of Leptospira species and L. canicola and L. icterohaemorrhagiae serovars in Iranian stray dogs.
    Materials and Methods
    One-hundred and twenty blood samples were first taken from stray dogs. Then the samples were transferred to the laboratory. Sera were extracted from blood samples and genomic DNA was extracted. DNA samples were subjected to conventional polymerase chain reaction. Positive samples for Leptospira spp. were analyzed for presence of L. canicola and L. icterohaemorrhagiae serovars using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).
    Results
    Nine samples out of 120 serum samples (7.5%) were positive for the flagella gene of the Leptospira spp. Prevalence of Leptospira spp. in serum samples of male and female dogs were 5.4% and 10.86%, respectively. Prevalence of L. canicola and L. icterohaemorrhagiae serovars were 55.55% and 33.33%, respectively. We found that 11.11% of samples were positive for both serovars. Two to three and 3-4 year old dogs had the highest prevalence of Leptospira spp.
    Conclusions
    The considerable prevalence of leptospirta spp. and also their zoonotic serovars among Iranian stray dogs represented an important public health issue regarding the contact of healthy human with these dogs. Identification of infected dogs and their vaccination can inhibit the distribution of Leptospira spp.
    Keywords: Leptospira, PCR-RFLP, Serovars, Stray dogs