مجله تعالی بالینی
سال هشتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 20، زمستان 1397)

PCOS is one of the most common endocrine abnormalities that affecting up to 10 % of women of childbearing age. Different drugs are used to treat this disorder, one of which is N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which has the ability to stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic cells, as well as the regulation of insulin receptors at the erythrocyte level. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of this supplement on insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and serum homocysteine levels in infertile women. By searching in the scientific databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science, using the N-Acetyl-L-cysteine, N-acetylcysteine, NAC, PCOS, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome keywords، studies that published between 1990 and 2018 were extracted. NAC has a potential for neutralizing free radicals due to its high Thiol group and can increase the activity of antioxidants such as glutathione peroxidase. A number of studies have shown that reducing insulin resistance is one of the mechanisms of NAC's function, which is similar to the mechanism of metformin function. It will induce ovulation in women with PCOS by inducing insulin sensitivity and antioxidant effects. Also, high levels of homocysteine ​​can cause endothelial dysfunction due to the formation of active oxygen species, which is why NAC can act as a vascular protective agent against oxidative damage. NAC can play an important role in the PCOS recovery process by influencing various factors.

One of the most important points that need to be observed in taking care of the elderly is maintaining their dignity. Considering the fact that the elderly suffer from chronic diseases and a reduction of physical ability, observing their dignity has received less attention while caretaking and health control. Accordingly, the purpose of the present study has been to review human dignity in the elderly and its related factors. The present narrative review investigates Persian and English articles on human dignity in the elderly published from 2000 until the end of 2017. Using key word search about the title or abstract section in the Databases such as Iranmedex, Medlib, SID, Magiran and Google Scholar for Persian article and databases such as Google Scholar, Science direct, PubMed and Proquest Elsevier were searched for English articles using the following keywords in both Persian and English, the search was done. The key words in English include "dignity" and "Dignified care" along with the single words "old people", "elderly" and "aging". After searching, 67 articles were found and finally, 12 articles had the inclusion criteria. Findings showed that respecting human dignity is one of the most important needs of the elderly and must be considered as an important phenomenon in taking care of the elderly, at the community level and health service centers. Several factors are associated with the dignity of the elderly, including: respect, privacy protection, independence, support, illness and hospitalization. The results of this study can guide policy makers, managers and caregivers of the elderly in order to provide things that are important from the perspective of the elderly to protect their dignity, but are less respected.

Pediculus capitis, commonly known head lice, is prevalent among children. It caused by Pediculus humanus capitis. Although P.humanus capitis is not a vector of human disease, but infestation with head lice, is a frequent community health concern and can cause social distress. Incidence is rising related to increased resistance due to inadequate and unnecessary treatments. This review article can be used as a reference to common types of treatments in pediculosis. Treatments of Pediculosis capitis were searched in available online resources and databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, SID with Persian and English keywords including pediculosis, head lice, treatment, therapy and drugs during 1990 to 2018. The available treatment options for Pediculosis capitis include permethrin, Malathion, topical and oral ivermectin, benzyl alcohol, spinosad, dimethicone and mechanical remove of head lice and nits. Any of these treatments should be selected according to age and special conditions. It should be noted that the safest and most effective treatment selected for the patient and topical drugs are preferred as first line treatment. The use of systemic drugs should be limited to cases where there is no response or resistance to topical drugs. Screening and treatment of all close contacts will be helpful for adequate management of pediculosis.

Cancer is viewed as a great public health nuisance exerting negative effects on all physical, mental and social dimensions of the patients. One of the ways to cope with the diseases induced negative impacts is resilience. Thus the current research has been conducted with the goal to review the psychosocial dimensions related to resilience in cancer suffering patients. This research has been a narrative review study for compiling in which the researchers used the keywords such as “Cancer, Resilience, Psychological Factors, Social Factors, and Protective Factors in the available databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, Magiran, SID, Springer, Science Direct and ProQuest.
Having searched all full data, finally 14 articles have been applied in order to prepare the present article. Reviewing the studies indicates that several psychosocial aspects are associated with the resilience of cancer suffering patients including optimism, personality factors and religion / spirituality, active coping skills and social support. The narrative review derived findings suggest that since in order to better adapt with cancer and enhance their life quality, it’s required for the patients to increase resilience, the first step is to identify resilience associated psychosocial dimensions to be able to plan and design the interventions and propose resilience models for improving it in cancer patients.

The developmental origins of health and disease approach addresses deals with the fact that the type of nutrition during the first months and years of the child's life, and even in the pre-birth period, has a major impact on the development of mental, intellectual, neurotic and behavioral functions and the quality of life of the individual. Therefore, this important period of life can be used as an opportunity window to plan and manage nutrition in order to prevent people's health problems.
With respect to the necessity of nutrition policy during this period, this study has reviewed international and national studies in this field.
This study is a simple review. In order to access relevant studies, the Scopus, Google scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct databases were searched.
The findings showed that this approach has played an important role in a considerable number of nutrition policies and programs in recent years.
The goal of these plans is help improve the nutritional status of the individual and the community both nationally and internationally through intersectional collaboration. Considering the importance of the early stages of growth and development, it is imperative that policymakers and health professionals, monitor and evaluate ongoing programs.
Also, based on global experiences, to establish new policies to further improve the nutritional status of the community.
Certainly, these programs are needed more in deprived areas facing high prevalence of malnutrition.