Journal of Money & Economy
Volume:12 Issue: 3, Summer 2017

For Iran as an oil exporter country, heavy reliance on the extractive sector for generating fiscal revenues and export earnings translates into increased vulnerabilities to oil price shocks. The structure of the economic policy, and the   banking systems make macroprudential policy a particular relevant tool for Iran. The capital adequacy is a macro prudential instrument used to maintain the stability of Iranian financial system by considering the bank capital condition. This paper examines the impact of capital adequacy on financing behavior in Iranian banking system. The paper uses generalized method of moment estimation (GMM) technique and by employing bank-level data for both public and private banks covering the period 2003-2016, we analyze the reaction of bank financing behavior toward capital adequacy policy. The findings indicate that capital adequacy ratio is observed to be effective in curtailing financing behavior of banking institutions. Furthermore, the results reveal that the impact of capital adequacy in managing credit expansion of private banks was greater than public banks.

Using Rawls's theory of justice, this paper addresses the empirical question of whether the socially responsible market economy can help explain the current situation in financial freedom, as well as its recent variation across countries. Utilizing annual data from selected countries of Middle East, North Africa, Asia and Oceania, and static panel estimation techniques, we provide evidence which suggests that many Socially Responsible Market Economy (SRME) components are statistically significant determinants of Financial Freedom (FF). Our findings reveal that three factors of SRME, namely, organization of the market and competition, welfare regime and private property have a positive significant relationship with FF. Legislative bodies are advised to legislate impartial rules, through which they can develop the necessary grounds for financial liberalization and subsequent transparency of financial information in financial markets.

The recent global financial crisis once again revealed the harmful effects of interest-based contracts in the conventional financial system. Islamic finance, as an alternative financial system, discourages interest rate and debt financing. This paper investigates the effects of two financial systems, namely the conventional and Islamic systems, on macroeconomic variables. To achieve this goal, a DSGE Model with two monetary rules, one for conventional financial system and the other for Islamic financial system, has been designed. Comparing the dynamics of the models, the results of this study show that, in response to different shocks, investment and output in Islamic finance are less volatile than those of conventional financial system. Moreover, the process of adjustment in Islamic system is faster than that of the conventional system. These results imply that promoting Islamic finance has a great role in macroeconomic stability and covering the effect of financial crises.

A bank as a business units needs to have liquid assets which can be easily converted into cash at short notice. Thus the concept of liquidity risk management is important for any commercial banks. The impact of liquidity position in management of banks have remained significant, though very elusive in the process of investment analysis vis-à-vis bank portfolio management. In addition, liquidity risk management affects banking performance. In this paper, according to existing theoretical and empirical literature, the suitable system for measuring liquidity risk management is defined. Then, the effect of liquidity risk management on the profitability and survival of banks has been investigated. For this purpose, a model is estimated using panel data method and the financial statements of banks for the period 2005-2017. The results of the study show that there is a significant relationship between risk management and profitability and bank survivability. As poor liquidity risk management reduces the profitability and survival of banks.

One of the main issues in international finance is the ratio of exchange rate pass through to consumer prices. The main objective of this study is to examine the exchange rate fluctuations and its asymmetric effect on consumer prices in Iran’s economy. In the present study, the effects of positive and negative impacts of the exchange rate on inflation rate and other macroeconomic variables of Iran during the period from 1988 to 2017, in the framework of a recursive VAR model have investigated. The results indicate that exchange rate pass through in the short run is 33.5% and in the long run is 43.03%, which indicates that the exchange rate is incomplete. In addition, the results indicate the asymmetric effect of the exchange rate, which is about 38.43% increase in the exchange rate and 16.38% decrease in the exchange rate negatively reflected in consumer price inflation.

This paper aims to optimize the Central Bank transparency level which corresponds to the minimum of output volatility in 28 states of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (due to the maximum data availability) during the period 2003-2014. For this purpose, the Dincer-Eichengreen index is used, which includes five aspects covering political, economic, procedural, policy, and operational transparency. The index ranges in numerical value from 0 to 15 with 0 being the most opaque and 15 the most transparent. Applying the Arellano-Bond GMM estimation and using the Dincer-Eichengreen index as a proxy of transparency, the result indicates that an increase in the level of central bank transparency will decrease output volatility up to a certain point, after which additional information from central banks begin to exacerbate it. In addition, the effects of other variables (financial depth, first lag of inflation, oil rents-GDP ratio) on output volatility are positive. Therefore, moving with caution towards monetary policy transparency is recommended as output volatility is reduced considerably, implying significant benefits for output stability.