مجله مطالعات علوم پزشکی
سال سی‌ام شماره 2 (اردیبهشت 1398)

According to the high prevalence of sleep disorders and psychological problems in students, the purpose of this research was to study the effectiveness of Copassion-Focused Therapy (CFT) on rumination of the students with sleep disorders. The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group.The statistical population of this study was students with sleep disorders in Payame noor university of Ghahderijan in 2017-2018. The sample consisted of 30 students from this population that were selected by available sampling method and were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 individuals for each group).Participants in the experimental group participated in 8weekly sessions, 90 minutes of CFT, while the control group did not receive any interventions. Both of the groups completed Rumination Questionnaire (Nolen- Hokesema, 1991) in pre-test and post–test. Data were analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis using SPSS-16 software. The results of multivariate covariance analysis indicated a significant difference between the two groups (experiment and control) in all research variables of Rumination)p=0/003).Furthermore, this intervention affected and improved the components of rumination (Distraction, Reflection, and Brooding))p>0/05). According to the findings of this study the CFT can be effective on rumination of the students with sleep disorder.

Verbal memory refers to the memory of words and other abstractions related to language. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of diabetes mellitus type 1 on verbal memory considering the moderation role of rumination in adolescents. Using a suitable sampling method, 40 adolescents with diabetes type 1 were selected from members of the Iranian Association for Diabetes. Also, using random sampling method, 40 students from Tehran area 2 were selected as control group. After collecting the rumination questionnaire, subjects were tested by verbal auditory test for verbal memory evaluation. Multiple variance analysis was used to analyze the data. There was a significant difference between two groups (p> 0.001). Therefore, the performance of subjects with diabetes type 1 was weaker than normal subjects in verbal memory. Also, subjects with higher rumination scores showed a weaker performance in verbal auditory test (p> 0.001). The results showed that diabetes type 1 causes a decrease in verbal memory function; also, rumination affects the verbal memory function. It should be noted that rumination and diabetes type 1 affect different factors of verbal memory, so rumination does not play a moderating role.

This main aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) on attention in students with specific learning disorder. Twenty students of elementary school with specific learning disorders were selected through purposive sampling method and randomly divided into two groups, the experimental and control groups (10 in each group). At first, the subjects' selective attention was evaluated by Stroop task. Then in the experimental group two anodal electrodes were simultaneously placed over the F3 and P3, whilst cathedral electrode was placed over the FP2, the according to the International 10/20 system.
An alternative electrical current at 10 Hz (Alpha wave) was delivered at 1 mA intensity for 20 min.
The same protocol was used for the control group, except that they received stimulation for only 30 s. At the end, the Stroop test was again administrated. Data were analyzed using multivariate covariance method. The findings showed that alpha-wave-induced Transcranial Stimulation could have a positive and significant effect on the accuracy and response time of students with specific learning disorder. The results of this study indicated that Transcranial Stimulation with alpha wave in the F3-P3 region of students with learning disorder can be effective in improving their attention and improve their careful function. Therefore, this method can be used as a non-pharmacological method to improve the function of these individuals.

The aim of this study was to compare trapezius squeezing and jaw thrust to evaluate suitable conditions for laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion. In this clinical trial study, 138 patients with ASA physical status 1 or 2 who were candidates for elective surgery of shin fracture were randomly assigned into one of the groups of trapezius squeeze and raising the lower jaw maneuvers. In both groups, no motor response to the maneuver was considered as the suitable time for LMA insertion. Laryngospasm, coughing, gag reflex, breath-holding, oxygen saturation of less than 90%, and the presence of purposeful movements during LMA insertion and up to one minute after that were considered as unsuccessful attempts in LMA insertion. The mean blood pressure, heart rate, LMA insertion time and the incidence of successful LMA insertion in both groups were compared. The incidence of successful LMA insertion in the trapezius squeezing group (94.2%) and the lower jaw thrust (98.6%) did not have any significant difference (p=0.18). The average time for LMA insertion from initiation of induction was significantly longer in the patients with trapezius squeezing than in patients with lower jaw thrust maneuver (p<0. 001). The vital signs (including blood pressure and heart rate) of the patients in the groups were not different after LMA insertion (p>0.05). Trapezius squeezing and jaw thrust in patients undergoing anesthesia by propofol as a prediction index for successful LMA insertion have no superiority over each other.

Different scoring systems are used in order to assess the functional quality of intensive care units (ICU) and to predict the required costs and facilities of intensive cares. Variety of scoring systems has been explained that each has advantages and disadvantages. In this study Simplified Acute Physiology Score-III (SAPS-III) and Mortality Probability Model-III (MPM-III) were compared. The current cross-sectional study was conducted on 240 non-traumatic patients admitted at ICU of Al-Zahra Hospital in 2016-17. Patients' information including demographics, mean of systolic, diastolic and arterial pressure, pulse rate, respiratory rate, temperature, Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS), WBC, hematocrit, bilirubin, creatinine, arterial blood gas, and the presence of underlying diseases was gathered from the records for measurement of MPM-III and SAPS-III scores and then they were compared. This study was conducted on 240 non-traumatic patients. Discrimination of MPM-III in cut-off point of 0.17 was 0.83(P<0.001; 95%CI: 0.765-0.898), sensitivity and specificity of this test in prediction of non-traumatic mortality was 82% and 73%, respectively. Discrimination of SAPS-III in cut-off of 48.5 was 0.78(P<0.001; 95%CI: 0.72-0.84), while its sensitivity and specificity was 83% and 70%, respectively. Duration of ICU hospitalization (P=0.028 and 0.002) and duration of intubation (P=0.001 and <0.001) had direct association with mortality based on both scoring systems while total duration of hospitalization was only significant in SAPSIII (P=0.002). Comparison of SAPS-III and MPM-III in non-traumatic patients presented a higher discrimination ability for MPM-III. In addition, findings showed that mortality in MPM-III was in association with duration of ICU admission and intubation while for SAPS-III, in addition to previous factors, total duration of hospitalization was associated as well.

The study of karyotype in several cases is the first step in the diagnosis of genetic disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the karyotype of a number of individuals with a range of possible genetic disorders. This researchis a descriptive cross-sectional study. Sampling was done after obtaining necessary permissions and written consent from the parents of mentally retarded individuals and individuals with infertility and cancer problems. Blood samples were taken from 200 individuals with a history of recurrent abortions and infertility, including 124 women and 76 men, 40 patients with different types of cancers, and 180 mentally retarded subjects, and then they were determined by cytogenetic karyotype. Out of 180 mentally retarded subjects, 12 (6.6%) had a chromosomal abnormality (8 structural chromosomal abnormalities and four men with fragile X syndrome) and 172(92.4%) subjects had normal karyotypes. Also, of 200 subjects with infertility and abortion, 138 (69%) had healthy karyotype and 62 (31%) had one chromosomal defect. Among 40 patients with cancer, only 2 (0.8%) chromosomal changes were observed. Seventy-three chromosomal changes (62 in infertility, 8 in mental retardation, 2 in cancer and 1 in structural disorder of fragility X) were shown in Karyotype of 420 cases. The findings imply the necessity of performing karyotype in infertility and abortion problems. Further research is needed on mental retardation and cancer.

Breast cancer can lead to different levels of anxiety and be affected by lifestyle. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy and Couples Coping Enhancement Training on Health Anxiety and Health Promoting Lifestyles in Women with Breast Cancer. This study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test, and control groups with 3 months follow-up. The study population consisted of female patients with breast cancer who were referred to Isfahan's Seyed Alshohada Hospital in 2017. Among them, 45 volunteers were selected through Purposive sampling after checking the inclusion criteria and they were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Experimental groups were investigated for 90 minutes in 9 sessions. The data were collected using Salkovskis et al. Health Anxiety Inventory (2002) and Walker et al. Health-promoting lifestyle Inventory (1990) and data were analyzed using repeated measurements analysis. The results showed that there was a significant difference in health anxiety and Health Promoting Lifestyles between experimental groups and control group (p=0.000 and p=0.002). Moreover, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy was more effective on variables such as Responsibility for health (p<0.05). Based on the findings, it can be concluded that interventions are effective strategies to reduce the symptoms of health anxiety and also to improve the psychological indicators of Health Promoting Lifestyles in women with breast cancer.

Spirometry changes in thalassemic patients can be obstructive or restrictive and pulmonary dysfunction depends on age and body iron overload. In this study the effectiveness of lung spirometry in detecting iron overload in patients with β-thalassemia was investigated. This cross-sectional (descriptive-analytic) study investigated the spirometry test results and their association with iron stores in patients with thalassemia major.
Complete physical examination, CBC, MRI T2*of heart, and serum ferritin were performed. A two-stage spirometry was also taken 2 weeks after blood transfusion in the sitting position. This clinical trial study was carried out on 31 patients. The spirometry test results in 10 (32.3%) patients were normal, while the spirometry test results were abnormal in 21 (67.8%) patients.
Of the 17 patients with abnormal heart MRI T2*, spirometry results were abnormal in 15 patients and 2 patients had normal spirometry. Ferritin stores have no significant relationship with spirometry changes in patients with β-thalassemia major. But there was a significant correlation between MRI T2*of the heart and spirometry changes.