International Journal Of Bio-Inorganic Hybrid Nanomaterials
Volume:7 Issue: 2, Summer 2018

Nanotechnology is new form of technology which has produced a great development in variousfields. Nanoparticles are of the great scientific interest as they are effectively a bridge between bulk material and atomic & molecular structures. Nanoparticles are the particle that have size 1 to 100 nm and possess due to large surface area to volume ratio & smaller size. Different types of nanomaterial such as Zinc, Copper, Gold, and Silver are available but silver nanoparticles have proven to be most effective. Silver nanoparticles can be synthesized from various conventional methods that are physical, chemical and biological. Physical andchemical method synthesis is expensive and that have toxic substances. To overcome biological methodprovides a feasible alternative. In present study it is reported that a cost effective, simple, environment friendly route of green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using extract of Zingiber officinale prepared from different solvents (double distilled water and 70% ethanol) by hot percolation method. Synthesized Silver nanoparticles were preliminary analysed by using UV-VIS spectrophotometer at 630 nm. Confirmatory analysischaracterization Electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) for presence of true metal ion and Transmissionelectron microscopy (TEM) micrographs suggested the size using solvents ddw (double distilled water) 35(±5)nm and 70% ethanol 50(±5) nm in size. Synthesized Silver nanoparticles were characterized for theirantimicrobial activity against gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative (Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa) using MIC. Here we purpose the application of synthesized silver nanoparticles from Zingiber officinale for the confirmation of presence of heavy metal ion. Metal nanoparticles have extensively used for presence of metal ion Hg2+ was detected by UV-VIS spectrophotometer at 630 nm.

This research report related to nano-sized particles of tetragonal rutile phase TiO2. We havesuccessfully synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles, by chemical method non-toxic and bio-safe, at lower than 100°C. This method is simple, economic and friendly for environmentally and suitable for large scale grains. Using of choline chloride, to decrease the size of commercial TiO2 by chemical method. This procedure was based on the under appropriate conditions, such as concentrations choline chloride, different volume percent content of the ethanol and water and injection time.X-Ray diffraction was studied for analyze particles size from two way, Debye-Scherer’s equation and Williamson-Hall method. The X-Ray diffraction studied for analyzes particles size. FWHM of XRD data explains the interrelationship of particle size and specific surface area. It is obtained to be particles size around of 40-60 nm and specific surface area is 20-25 m2.g-1. The resulted size of particles with TEM images was in agreement with Debye-Scherer's equation and Williamson-Hall method.

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) serve as a new class of ‘zero dimensional’ nanomaterial’s in thecarbon class with sizes below 10 nm. As light emitting nanocrystals, QDs are assembled from semiconductormaterials, from the elements in the periodic groups of II-VI, III-V or IV-VI, mainly thanks to impacts of quantum confinement QDs have unique optical properties such as brighter, highly photo and chemical stable, with broad absorption, narrow and symmetric emission spectrum. A substantial QDs feature is that their emission wavelength can be fine-tuned by adjusting their size and chemical composition. Nowadays carbon nanoparticles are applied on the island of single electron transistor and Nano-transistors, and fluorine because its sustainability is one of the best materials inter alia. The basis of Single electron devices (SEDs) is controllable single electron transfer between small conducting “islands”. In this paper transmission coefficient as a main transport factor need to be explored in this work the transmission coefficient and reflection coefficient for a potential barrier is investigated. All theoretical expressions such as height, width of potential barriers, distance between them and carrier property are included to have exact value of transmission coefficient. Then quantum current of double barrier single electron transistor (SET) is modeled and models current-voltage characteristic based on quantum transport and the electronic properties due to the dependence on structural parameter are analyzed.

Supercritical fluid (SCF) technology has become an important tool of materials processing in the lasttwo decades. Supercritical CO2 and H2O are extensively being used in the preparation of a great variety ofnanomaterials. The greatest requirement in the application of nanomaterials is its size and morphology control, which determine the application potential of the nanoparticles, as their properties vary significantly with size. Although significance of SCF technology has been described earlier by various authors, the importance of this technology for the fabrication of inorganic and hybrid nanomaterials in biomedical applications has not been discussed thoroughly. The interest in the preparation and application of nanometer size materials is increasing since they can exhibit properties of great industrial interest. Several techniques have been proposed to produce nanomaterials using supercritical fluids. These processes, taking advantage of the specific properties of supercritical fluids, are generally flexible, more simplified and with a reduced environmental impact. The result is that nanomaterials with potentially better performances have been obtained. In this study, the hydrothermal synthesis was investigated.

Solid phase extraction (SPE) or liquid-solid extraction is poplar and growing techniques that areused to sample preparation for analysis. Metal nanoparticles have been studied for decades, and this is due to the properties that these materials do not have in bulk state. In nanoscale materials, the numbers of surface atoms is high and hence, have significant surface effects. A novel, simple, sensitive and effective method has been developed for preconcentration of Cd(II) on nanographene with aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) on surfactant coated C18 solid-phase extraction adsorbent. Flame atomic absorption spectrometer was utilized for determination ofCd(II). Some of the important parameters on the preconcentration and complex formation were selected and optimized. Under the optimized conditions the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ)were 0.032μg.L-1, 163.7 ng L-1and the proposed method has a good reproducibility 0.81% (RSD %) andpreconcentration factor was found to be 200.The methodology was applied for determination of Cd (II) in natural water samples and satisfactory results were obtained.

The Methotrexate delivery by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and the structural changes of drugcombination upon the carbon nanotubes and bio thermodynamic of the drug have been studied by molecularcomputational methods. Computational molecular methods have been fulfilled by molecular mechanics methods with four force field, and semi empirical with all methods. We investigate different parameters such as total energy, potential energy and kinetic energy and time of simulations are 10 ns. In this research, solvent effects on the relative energies and structural properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes surrounded by water and gas were revealed by Monte Carlo simulation. Calculation and geometrical optimization in different temperature (292,298,310 and 315 kelvin) were conducted via Monte Carlo method (Amber, Bio+, MM+ and OPLS). The semi-empirical calculations such as total energy, binding energy, isolated atomic energy, electronic energy, core–core interaction and heat of formation in AM1,PM3, MNDO and CNDO for Methotrexate and CNT- Methotrexate complex. Analysis of methotrexate and its interaction with CNTs show that, this carrier can be utilized to improve the activities of this anti-cancer drug.

In this research, analysis of nonlocal magneto-electro-thermo-elastic of a functionally graded nanobeamdue to magneto-electro-elastic loads has been done. In order to formulate the problem the Timoshenko theory of beams is utilized. The principle of virtual work, Hamilton’s principle as well as nonlocal magneto-electro-thermo-elastic relations has been recruited to derive the governing equations of equilibrium. The small size effect is captured using Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity theory. The Electric, Magnetic and Thermal fields are assumed in around of nanobeam. The nanobeam is subjected to transverse loads and initial electric and magnetic potentials. The constitutive relations are used in order to calculate the bending results of the nano-beam for a simply-supported nano-beam in terms of parameters of loadings, materials and geometries. The obtained results in this paper are validated by comparison with existing results in corresponding reference. Remarkable effects such as in-homogeneous parameter, nonlocal parameter, initial electric and magnetic potentials and thermal loads are investigated on the mechanical and electrical results in detail for nanobeams made of METE-FG materials. The results show that with increasing the nonlocal parameter and initial magnetic potentials, deflection of METE-FG nanobeam increases.

There is considerable interest in using nano-emulsions (NEs) as delivery systems for lipophilicbioactive ingredients. In this study, the influence of G on the properties of vitamin E (VE) enriched NEsprepared using spontaneous emulsification (SE) method, were investigated. The particle size and optical clarityof the NEs depended strongly on the co-solvent presence, absence, and concentration. The smallest droplets(mean diameter less than 23.5 and 236.771 nm) and highest transparency (lowest turbidity, 0.0069 and 0.0161 cm-1) were observed in the absence of G (A formulation) and the presence of 30 wt.% G (D formulation), respectively. However, these NEs were highly unstable for droplet growth during storage, especially at high temperatures, which was attributed to coalescence and Ostwald ripening (OR). Dilution of the NEs (100× with water) before of storage considerably were improved their storage stability especially at higher storage temperatures. Undiluted NEs exhibited a sharp and irreversible increase in turbidity upon heating: ≈75 °C and 70 °C for A formulation and D formulation, respectively. Diluted NEs had much better thermal stability, with a sharp increase in turbidity occurring at ≈75 °C for these systems. This study provides useful information for use in pharmaceutical, personal care, and food products.