فصلنامه مطالعات تاریخ اسلام
پیاپی 40 (بهار 1398)

For investigate the Islamic geography heritage, one can study the case of the geographers' works so that the process of its appearance, formation, development and finally its stagnancy, can be identified. Ibn Khurdadbeh is one of the founders of the tradition of Islamic geography in the stage of formation with the approach of " Masālik & Mamālik ", in which, in addition to the climatic, natural, economic and political geography, the communication lines of the Islamic lands under the rule of the Abbasid were prioritized. the main topic of this paper is to recognize the sources of information used by Ibn Khurdadbeh in al-Masālik w’al- Mamālik. The findings show Ibn Khurdadbeh, while using written sources including the Qur'an and the book of Ptolemy, Muslim Ibn Abi Muslim Jarma, The works of linguists and Poems, also have access to the documents and reports of the Dīwān al-Barid and Dīwān al-kharādj. This has covered non-travel to different part of Islamic lands. It also added geographic information through oral resources (Hearings and observations)

The circumstances of man’s role alongside the universal laws of history is a topic that has engaged the minds of historians. Considering the various theological schools of thought and different jurispudential denominations in the Islamic world, the viewpoint of the Muslim historians - who believe in the Divine customs  and are usually inclined towards one of these schools and denominations or are attributed to them -   regarding the matter of determinism and choice and how they connect this with their view through analyzation and explanation of historical events and how they relate the directorship of God to the actions of man, is a worthy topic of study.
This article tries to examine the viewpoint of the famous historian Abul Abbas Taqi ud-Din Maqrizi {845 A.H.} of the Shafi-‘I jurispudential and Ash-‘ari theological school of thought who lived during the Mamluk Sultanate in this regard using a descriptive-analytical approach and through researching related material in his works and comparing that to his theological inclination.
The findings of this research show that despite his deterministic inclination and his belief in the viewpoint of “Attainment”  of the Ash-‘arites, in his historiographies , while relying on religious texts, he is inclined towards man’s choice and free will and his active role in historical events.

Nasatian Almanship is one of the most important sources of 3rd-4th-century AH literature, which, like other epistemological resources in the field of history, is not a transparent and neutral phenomenon, but a complex and ideological phenomenon that distorts or conceals the facts. Hence, it can not be an exact reflection of objectivity, but rather a form of representation of the will and thought of the historian and influenced by the texts of his time. But the reflection of these thoughts on the traditions of the caliphs of Rashid, which at some point in history has been self-reflective, is greater. Therefore, the present study seeks to examine the model and method of representing the narrations of the virtues of al-Sahab about the three and Ali caliphs, which reflects the meanings of the political-religious discourses of society, based on the method of analyzing the critical discourse of Farcool. Is ?

During the Abbasi era in Baqdad, music was considered as one of the parts of people's life and paid attention as a means of entertainment by different social classes. The special classes, that have higher social position, played an effective role in developing music by applying the musicians in their houses and supporting them. In such classes, applying the singer and player bound women showed their power and the importance of their social position. As a result, some governments were known as musicians themselves. Also, Music was well known between the public. Various communities of society like the tailors and cup-therapists were familiar with music. However, according to religion and some narratives dealing with music is forbidden, so the social approach toward this art was not much appreciated in Baghdad. The presented research is studying about the status of the art of music between different social classes in Baghdad. The research method is descriptive-analytic and is organized based on the sources and references of the existing researches.

Ṭawq al-ḥamāmah fī al-ulfah wa-al-ullāf which has written by Ibn Hzm Andalusian is a work about nature, meaning, advantages and disadvantages of Love. In addition to evidences of Quran, Hadith and poetry, the author has used stories to illustrate his purpose about love which are based on his own life experiences and real characters unlike previous common method. In these stories women (free or slave) often play two kinds of role: lover or beloved. Although, Ibn Hazm has not clearly mentioned women’s lifestyle and habits in Cordoba in his own time, an overview about some parts of these can be presented. The authors of this paper has tried to uncover some parts of women's lives by introducing this work and studying its stories; women with special status and behaviors who has classified in two general categories: aristocrat and Djariya.

Having used the descriptive- analyzing- deducing method, in this research, the situation of the Iranian captives and slaves of the conquests period will be studied. The findings of the research show that a great part of captives were massacred in the process of conquests. Men were the main victims. Nevertheless, some of them with women and children who included a great part of prisoners as slaves were dispatched to the Arabic lands. The slaves enjoyed with little rights and did low jobs. But, some of male slaves succeeded in acquiring a better situation by learning religious and literary sciences and in some cases were freed from slavery. The female slaves have no share from the promotion. Most of them were bought and sold as bond-maid and slave, or married the Arabs, slaves and mawali. Having studied the lineage of transmitters of hadith whom recorded in the Tabaqat al-kubra of Ibn Sa'd it will be proved that slaves had a considerable share in the population component of Hijaz.

Changes in the writing and content on Iranian coins were subject to changes with the collapse and establishment of governments. Rulers of this land provides a variety of reasons causing these changes were seen. This research attempts to explain the relationship between the contents of Afsariyah period coins, especially the era of Nadir Shah Afshar, as a periodic tense in terms of the crisis of legitimacy and religious thought. Detecting the position of coin as a reflection and transfer of these concepts and their evolution.
The issue of present research is the study of the evolution of the themes and rhymes of silver on the coins of the Afshari era.The results of the research indicate that the religious insight and attitude of the rulers of this period, The content of common coins have been affected. The first coins were minted Nader with Shiite rituals, But immediately after the coronation abandoning the Shi'a rites and expansion of the content viewer focuses his power and glory