نشریه مطالعات زبان فارسی
پیاپی 3 (بهار و تابستان 1398)

This study examine the fictional role and functions of heroes and villains in folk tales according to the works of Mehdi Azar Yazdi and according to Propp’s theory and also examine classification or idolize of heroes and villains and analyze and explain the role and fictional role of heroes and villains in mentioned works.
Mehdi Azar Yazdi is a contemporary writer in the field of child literature who rewrites stories that are rooted in the ancient Persian literature and one of his works in this area is the book of fresh tales of ancient books which is a kind of educated and adventurous book and a complete collection of ten notebooks and since in folk tales structure of text fined identity in confrontation between the hero and villain and the role of heroes in the stories is fighting and suppression of the evil characters and the role of the wicked in the tales is to stir the calm of a happy family and create a kind of tragedy or cause harm, accordingly, the fictional role and functions of heroes and villains in the works of Mehdi Azar Yazdi are described and analyzed and also some tables have been drawn.

The purpose of present research re-reading one of the stories in the shahnameh, the ancient literary texts from the perspective of psychologist  and theorist  of  the twentieth  century , carl Gustav Jung(1875 -1961) . His research in the realm of mythology motivation for the study of literature  has many critics . In the research myth of zal based on jung’s theories has studied Descriptive – analytical.  Basic concepts of thoughts like: the process of individuation  , self (ego) , unconscious personal , unconscious collective and archetypes like hero, shadow , persona , the wise old man , anima, animus, and mother have rated and manner reflection  one of them has been identified as a major issue of research .Plus the archetypal situation mentioned like rebirth too. The results of this research show that his views the myths may be changed but never waste and their content is constantly emerging in various forms. In myth of zal phoenix represents the archetype of the mother, Sam the archetype of shadow that transform into persona , roodabeh represents the anima and zal the hero that after passing tests  and may difficulties  finds rebirth , and in the second half of his life is archetype of the wise old man. His character is reviewed in the process of individuation. The result shows using this method of analysis , we can better understand  the myths.

This article is written with the sole purpose of examining the dimensions of human life and the concerns in Sohrab Sepehri, which leads to the messages and solutions that this great poet of our age has for mankind, hence it is right to say: Sepehri is one of the great The poets who lived and thought uniquely and shared their fellows and their friends his life styles and his speech without any expectations, and his peace of mind are proof of this claim. It is apparent that the main reason for this self-portrait in this article and in his written texts, is not only his inspiration from Islamic Iranian rich mysticism but also Sohrab Sepehri’s interests in Far East religions, his researches, studies and long travels as well as living peacefully with nature so that make them social friendly poet among people in his life. We will be demonstrated in this article that after a lot of studies and researches in Sohrab Sepehri’s literatures we will lead to a valuable depicts of human and their concerns in sepehri’s poems as a result.

Akhavan Thaleth (M.Omid) sometimes to relief his fire inside, turned to love subjects. Worldwide subject “Love” becomes a gate to secure him for a moment from social-politics context which are greatly suffocation to him. Alas that these such poems are also disappointing. His mistress is either from “Winter” whose wild cold has ruined and freezed his affection, or she is in travel and far from him. Therefore disappointing love has put another pain to Akahavan’s deep pains. The poet “Daricheha” which is musical, is written the way mentioned. In this article, structural elements of the poem “Daricheha” is examined in a analytic and descriptive manner. The results show that Pattern used in a poem, is not determinative and representative to the whole text. But, meaning, pulls the patterns by itself. The poem “Daricheha” which is the consequences of its author external experiences and is written in Bahr “Hazag mosadas-e akhrab maghbooz”, is one of the most satisfactory of songs and weights, which is in contradictory to past acceptable opinion. In this poem, Meaning, Language and Imagination, are all in consistence. Clearance, simplicity and intimacy are the reasons to clearance, simplicity and imagination.

One of the topics used in historical grammar under the field of word making, is “Prefixes” and “Postfixes”. This naming is due to their positions in words. Some of the grammarians have introduced “Midfixes” as well. In another divisions, some of the grammarians, have categorized Prefixes and postfixes as derivatives and dedicatives. This research is an analysis of usage of post fixes and prefixes in translation of one of the Holy Quran which is found in third century. Prefixes and Postfixes in this old translation, sometimes have grammar usage which in turns constitutes adjectives and verbs. Sometimes they will change the meaning of words. The translator by the help of prefixes and postfixes has became able to use verbs with more strength. Of course prefixes and postfixes in sometimes make no changes to the meaning of words. It needs to say that in this regards, there is a research titled by “Holy Quran and Postfix and Prefix usage” written by Maryam Shabanzadeh & Mahmoud Barati. But there has been no research done to that subject of matter alone and the research is done by means of research in library and analysis based on frequency.

Aroz among Arabic and Persian Dari has special applications, since it has some special unique properties, so that it is apparent that the founder of Aroz is Khalil-ibn-Ahmad-Nahvi, but in Persian and during the development days of Aroz in Persian, some of the differences have been introduced to it compared to Arabic version of Aroz, which must be taken as authority and strength of Persian Poets and literature, so that after Khalil-ibn-Ahmad-Nahvi, they introduced three other Bahr in Persian Aroz. Among Zahafat Aroz in Arabic and Persian versions, there are some clear differences. Variations in Tafaeel in Arabic Aroz, are called Zahaf and Cause which in turn, Zahaf is divided to Odd and Even and each are divided to other sections consequently. But variations in Cause are variations that are done in Tafaeel and its functionality is a most to The Poet. Another variation which is called Jar Cause and Channel Cause and if it is used in Tafaeel, the repetition become an option. Inversely, variation in Tafaeel in Persian version of Aroz, are called Zahaf which inherits all variations from Arabic version.

Nader Naderpour is one of the most recent popular poets in 30th and 40th decades and we can call him the one of the most important classical poems heritage but yet modern. The beauty, elegance and Aesthetic aspects of his poems are results of his knowledge about past poems. Therefore in this current research, we have tried to study this outstanding Poet’ literatures by the help of one of the most important recent literature theories i.e Russian formalism. In this research, our goal is to introducing Nader Naderpour’s versicular language from the Russian formalism point of view and discover the structure and versicular language in this contemporary poet’s literatures as well as find an answer to questions such as “Which process is being done to construct Nader Naderpour’s poets and literatures?”, Does breaking law (whether phonetic, musical or grammar) in Nader Naderpour’s poems and literatures frequently happen? The results show that about one over three of Nader Naderpour’s poems are naturalism. The poem “plant and rock but no fire” is among the most naturalism in his poems. Breaking phonetic law and grammar, balance in grammar, beat, beat options, pun and other aspects, show that Nader Naderpour’s poems are among Russian formalism structure.