Journal of Advanced Medical Sciences and Applied Technologies
Volume:1 Issue: 2, Dec 2015

Microchimerism is explained as the simultaneous presence of a few foreign cells with different genetic origins of different individuals in a person. Transfer of these cells through blood transfusion, organ transplantation and particularly the mutual transfer of cells between the mother and fetus during pregnancy is possible. This article is an overview of the role of fetal cell microchimerism in maternal health and disease, especially autoimmune disorders and cancer. The original and related articles were found by search in PubMed, Scopus, Springer, Sciencedirect with an emphasis on literature published in the period 2000 to 2015. It was concluded that microchimeric cell can play different roles in maternal body, including natural microchimerism (bearing no biological role), utility (damaged tissue repair), and pathogenesis (causing autoimmune disease and cancer). Further studies and more in-depth knowledge about these cells may help explaining their new roles and using them in treatment or determining the prognosis of various diseases.

Acridine derivatives, especially 1,8-dioxo-9-aryl-decahydroacridine represent significant scaffolds in medicinal chemistry. Given the biological properties of such products which are used in drug development, they need to have appropriate carrier. Proteins are generally used as helpful tools in drug delivery. Consequently, molecular docking between these compounds and bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been taken into account. Furthermore, in order to achieve better results, the suggested compounds have been optimized using Gaussian 03 software.

Recently, the hypothesis in which memory and information would be stored as magnetic forms in astrocytes is expanding and neuromagnetic interactions between neurons and neighboring astrocytes in neocortex have potential to be the basis of memory formation. It has been proposed that all sorts of information may be maintained in form of neuronal activity-associated magnetic fields (NAAMFs) and thereby alterations of magnetic fields in the brain may potentially affect the memory function. On the other hand, microtubules (MTs), the most essential elements of cytoskeleton, are crucial in regulation of spine development and morphology, brain cognitive behavior, consciousness and information storage. Because of MT dynamic nature, it can produce local magnetic field in neurons through vibration. According to size, number, structure and function of microtubule proteins, they are the most eligible components of neurons to be affected by endogenous and exogenous magnetic fields. In this study we tried to investigate the possible effects of exogenous static magnetic fields (SMFs) on memory through examining the structural and functional changes in MT dynamic activity and neural cell morphology. MT activity results revealed that MT polymerization process was not attained to steady state at the right time in the presence of SMF at 300 mT and the ascending slope at the steady state phase was found as abnornmal. In addition, MT structure was relatively changed. On the influence of SMF, PC12 neuron-liked cells’ spines decreased significantly and their morphology altered to pyramidal form.

Infertility is described nearly universally as an extremely stressful condition with enduring effects on the marriage as well as each partner’s well-being. The present study was done to compare stress reactions, coping styles, subjective well-being and its sub-scales in fertile and infertile women. This analytic cross-sectional study enrolled 120 women (60 fertile and 60 infertile). The stress symptoms questionnaire, coping inventory of stressful situations-short form and subjective well-being questionnaire were administered as assessment tools. Our results demonstrated significant difference among infertile and fertile women in stress reactions, coping strategies and subjective well-being. Infertile women reacted more than fertile women emotionally, cognitively and behaviorally. Infertile women used more emotion-oriented coping methods. Infertile and normal subjects differed significantly in terms of emotional, psychological and social well-being. Given the psychological consequences of infertility which may exaggerate the course and cause delayed treatment responses, psychological interventions seem to be clinically warranted.

This research proposes an efficient and easy procedure for the preparation of amides or nitriles from aldehydes. Such materials were prepared via one-pot three component condensation reaction of various aldehydes in the presence of nano-TiCl4.SiO2 as a catalyst under thermal conditions. All reactions proceeded in high yields and in a moderately short reaction time. Meanwhile, oximes were obtained from aldehyeds in the presence of nano-TiCl4.SiO2.

Fluoxetine is a common antidepressant which selectively inhibits serotonin reuptake at synaptic level. Some research findings have proposed the effect this drug on neurogenesis, neuronal survival as well as proliferation of the neural progenitor cells. Endometrium is a part of uterus which harbors mesenchymal stem cells. This source of stem cells can be differentiated into neural cells which may potentially be used in treating many diseases. Given the above, this study was designed to assess the effect of fluoxetine on neural cells differentiation from endometrial stem cells. Endometrial stem cells obtained from stem cell banking were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified eagle’s medium (DMED) containing fetal bovine serum (FBS) in the presence of Retinoic Acid, fluoxetine and Retinoic Acid+fluoxetine for 10 days. To assess the differentiation of endometrial stem cells into neural-like cells, we used immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR. The viability of cells was assessed using the trypan blue test. Data analysis revealed that 61% of endometrial stem cells differentiated to neural-like cells. Moreover, the biopotency of neural-like cells on fluoxetine treatment was more pronounced across differentiation days. Based on our findings, fluoxetine was shown to be a suitable inducer for the differentiation of neural-like cells from endometrial stem cells.

None-Chemical Distant Cellular Interactions (NCDCI) are among the unexplained issues in cell biology. One example of such interactions is the biophoton-induced growth. In this process, photon emissions from one cell can induce mitosis in other cells while they are chemically separated. This effect is evident among many species. It is hypothesized that some simple but universal molecular pathways, which include photoreceptor proteins, modulators of cell cycle and circadian rhythm, can explain this phenomenon. Particularly, existing experimental data has been used to support the hypothesis that exposure of cellular structures to visible light photons deactivates the cryptochrome protein and this deactivation disinhibits cell growth. This disinhibition happens through the influx of Ca2+ cations and subsequent activation of the downstream mitogenic pathways. While the existing lines of evidence are mixed and equivocal, current hypothesis provides a testable framework for further experimental investigation. The present model and its predictions can be used as a well-documented platform to address the mechanisms of None-Chemical Distant Cellular Interactions in biological systems.

The management of unresectable advanced, metastatic malignant melanoma (MM) and chemotherapy-resistant or refractory non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been an uphill challenge in clinical oncology. The advent of immunotherapy in cancer has put forward some new hopes to cover unmet needs in treating such cases. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors are among the well-supported options in the same vein.  Alongside other cancer immunotherapy class-molecules, pembrolizumab (PZB), a programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blocking antibody, has recently been approved both for MM and NSCLC. This report presents an overview of the clinical benefits of PZB in MM and NSCLC and highlights the clinical features of two eligible cases who have undergone immunotherapy using PZB.

Unlike the somatic cells, sperm DNA is very compact due to replacement of histones with protamines. Disulfide bridges formed within and between the protamines inhibit the extraction of sperm DNA through standard techniques used for the somatic cells. Furthermore, the spermatozoa themselves are protected by a membrane which is rich in disulfide bonds, making cell lysis very difficult. Following a comprehensive literature search, we developed a protocol for DNA extraction from sperm and semen fluid. The quality of extracted DNA was checked running on agarose gel, used for bisulfite conversion and PCR amplification.