نشریه پرستاری کودکان
سال پنجم شماره 4 (تابستان 1398)

Nurses have a great influence on reducing the stress of parents because of their exceptional situation in intensive care units. The aim of this study was to investigate the communication performance of nurses and satisfaction with hospital care from the viewpoints of mothers of newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care units of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2015. This is a cross sectional descriptive-correlational study. The population consists of 220 mothers of newborns admitted to neonatal intensive care units of three hospitals of Namazi, Hafez and Hazrat Zainab. The data collection tool was a questionnaire consisting of three sections: demographic data of mothers, the questionnaire of communication performance and satisfaction with hospital care. in this study, the mean age of mothers was 27 years, the average duration of the hospitalization of newborns was ten days and the average gestational age was 36 weeks. In addition, the mean communication performance of the nurses was lower than the mean satisfaction of mothers.  Comparing the dimensions of satisfaction, satisfaction with hospital care had lower average than other dimensions. Communication performance had no significant relationship with the satisfaction dimensions and p>0.05 but it had a significant relationship with total satisfaction (p = 0.001) Concerning the importance of the nurses’ position, communication, educational and caring skills should be further strengthening to enhance the satisfaction of mothers. Also according to the results obtained from this research, it appears that mothers require better relationship with nurses based on the cause of the hospitalization of their children. Along with being sensitive towards the caring needs of the newborns, nurses should have a proper interaction with parents.

Endotracheal suctioning is one of common painful invasive procedures which are frequently performed on admitted babies is regarded as one of the most important caring challenges. This study aimed to determine the effect of lullabies with mother's voice on physiological responses followed by endotracheal suction in premature infants.

This study is  a clinical trial and it was done for five months on 40 preterm infants admitted in NICU in Afzalipour Hospital affiliated to Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2016.After choosing the samples through continence sampling, infants were divided into two groups  of Routine care / Lullaby and Lullaby / Routine care. In the intervention time, mother’s lullaby was played for the infants five minutes before the suction and it continued until 10 minutes after the suction. The infants’ physiological responses (including the percent of arterial blood oxygen saturation, respiration and heart rate) were examined a minute before the suction of endotracheal systems as baseline data and after the suction it was measured every five minutes to thirty minutes. The statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS 23. The results showed that a mother's lullaby in intubated preterm infants who were suctioned, not only was effective on fast return of  breathing changes and heart rate after the suction, but also it reduced respiratory rate and heart rate. These changes showed no significant difference in the blood oxygen levels (spo2) of intubated babies who got oxygen through system. Mothers lullaby in taking care of preterm infants can a significant impact on their neonatal physiological responses.

The existence of high stress and premature birth mother after effects and its negative consequences on children and their families to show the need for intervention. In this context, nurses are in a unique position to help parents. this study was aimed to Study of effect of Educational program on stress of parents of premature infants in neonatal intensive care units of Shahrekord.    This quasi-experimental study was performed on 62 Mothers of premature infants who were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Data were collected through demographic information questionnaires of Mothers and infant and parental stress scale. Participants in the intervention group received Training programs to coping with stress in after the NICU face to face for 30 minutes during 3 sessions. Data was analyzed bySPSS v 18 and Test t, t and Fisher.     The mean age of mothers was in the intervention group 28/25(7/56)  and  the control group 28/12( 6/1). The mean parental stress before training in both intervention and control groups, respectively, 4/62(0/18) and 4/43(0/37) that did not show a significant difference (P =0/01). and after training, respectively 4/39(0/38) and 3/41(0/9) that the difference in stress between the two groups was significant after the intervention (P=0/0001), Moreover, between birth weight and breast feeding and a significant amount of stress parents so that parents stress decreased with increasing birth weight (P> 0/05).    According to reduction of stress of mothers recommended with the design appropriate training programs and involvement of mothers in care of infant In addition relieving stress parents, the risk of re-hospitalization infant in unit also reduced.

Social skills are a fundamental link to all aspects of the life of children. This research was designed with the aim of designing a social skills model based on the role of the growth components of the language received by mediating the theory of mind in children ages four to six years old. The research method was field research. The population of this study consisted of all preschool children in Shahrbabak number of 750 people. Using Cochran's formula, the sample size was 104 and based on multistage cluster sampling method Was considered. The research tool was Told-3 language development test, Social Skills Rating Scale (ROSS), which included two forms of teachers and parents, and the theory of mind was the social component of the Nepssy2 test. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 and AMOSS ed. 24 software. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the components of the growth of the language and the components of social skills by mediating the theory of mind, and the components of the language received contribute to the development of the social skills of the children. Based on the results, a model for improving the level of social skills of children was developed based on the role of the components of the language received through the mediation of the theory of mind.

Dyslexia refers to the disability of children in reading. Most psychologists consider dyslexia merely as a sign of a special disorder in the teaching of reading, without which they want to determine a specific cause for dyslexia, which is an important factor in lowering the confidence of these children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the self-esteem of Kukan Dorsa in the primary school of Kermanshah in the academic year 2016-2017. In this study, descriptive-analytic design was used. The statistical population consisted of all dyslexic students who filed in the school disturbance centers during the school year 2016-2017. Sample size was calculated by Cramer formula and error rate of 5% and with confidence of 95% of 140 people. According to considering loss, 116 patients were randomly selected from among dyslexic children in the center Learning outcomes No. 2 in Kermanshah city, which consisted of 300 people, were selected. To assess the self-esteem of these children, Cooper Smith's self-esteem test was used. The results showed that the mean total self-esteem scale was 10.40 and its standard deviation was 1.47, the social self-esteem scale had a mean of 1.34 and standard deviation of 0.44 and family self-esteem scale with a mean of 2.24 and standard deviation 0.53 and the academic self-esteem scale has a mean of 2.88 and standard deviation of 0.48. Regarding the statistical analysis, there was a significant difference between total self-esteem, social self-esteem, family self-esteem and educational self-esteem in these children. All of the scales were significant at P≤0.001. Considering that the children's self-esteem was lower than normal, so, by educating the self-esteem, these can be promoted to these children.

The family is a social system that disrupts the disruption of the entire system of the whole system. The existence of an exceptional child involves irreparable injuries in the middle of the house and is the most damaging due to the central role of the mother at home and his continuous interaction with the child. the present study was conducted to identify psychological stresses in mothers with autistic children The method of research based on the nature of the data was of a qualitative type, based on the purpose of the application and based on the method of collecting descriptive information of a semi-structured interview type. The participants of this study consisted of all mothers with childbirth in the city of Tehran, 20 of them were selected purposefully for the interview. The data analysis method was based on a seven-step Collaizzi  analysis The results of the study showed that stresses of mother’s can be classified in terms of Negative emotions of mothers, living with Dreary stress & lack of services and InsufficiencyOf social supportive resources to deal with stress. According to the results , the attention of psychologists & family counselors to the stress of mothers with autism ,seems to be conducting educational classes can have a significant impact on the development of skills and self-efficacy and the reduction of stress in them. Admission of disorder will also play an important role in mental health of the mothers, and the presence of the father’s helps them to recognize her values and her other roles.

Pediatric surgery is a common practice. This phenomenon is a stressful exercise for mothers and causes anxiety and reduce their self-efficacy in child care. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cognitive-behavioral training on the reduction of stressors and anxiety caused by child-bearing surgery in mothers. In a clinical trial study, 60 mothers with a candidate candidate for surgery were randomly assigned into two groups of intervention and control, and psychological training and stress management programs were administered to the intervention group. The Mothers' Questionnaire Spielberger's anxiety was. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups before intervention (P = 0.68). But after the intervention, the anxiety level in the intervention group was significantly lower than the group (P <0.01). The covariance test showed a significant difference between the intervention and control groups before and after the intervention (P <0.01). Therefore, the mothers who were in the intervention group had less anxiety than the control group before the surgery. Appropriate training methods for mothers with children undergoing surgery can be used as an effective way to reduce the anxiety of mothers at all.

Dyslexia refers to the disability of children in reading. Most psychologists, without having to determine a specific cause for dyslexia, consider dyslexia merely as a sign of a special disorder in the teaching of reading, which is an important factor in the low level of self-confidence and social support and increased social anxiety in this Children The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-esteem and social support and social anxiety in dyslexic children of Kermanshah in the academic year 2017-2018. In this study, descriptive-analytic design was used. The statistical population consisted of all dyslexic students who filed in Kermanshah city in the educational districts of 1397-1393. Sample size was obtained by Cramer formula and error rate of 5% and confidence level of 95% of 140 people. Considering the loss, 116 patients were randomly selected from among dyslexic children in the center Learning outcomes No. 2 in Kermanshah city, which consisted of 300 people, were selected. Self-esteem of these children was assessed by Cooper Smith's Self-Esteem Test, Social Support and Social Anxiety Questionnaire (LSAS-SR). According to statistical analysis, there was a significant relationship between support and social anxiety with self-esteem and its scales. All scales were significant at P<0.001. Due to the fact that self-esteem and the level of social anxiety and anxiety in these children were lower than normal, therefore, with the training of promoting self-esteem and improving social support and anxiety, these capacities could be promoted in these children.

Regarding that cancerous children's mothers have a lot of care responsibility, this research  was done to study the effectiveness of acceptance & commitment-based method of therapy on the happiness and psychological well-being of cancerous children's mothers.  The present study is a semi-experimental type of pre-test post-test design with a control and follow-up group. The statistical population of the study was mothers referring to Saba Institute in Boukan city in 1396. Using random sampling, 30 people were selected. Data collection tools were Oxford Happiness and psychological well-being questionnaires. The intervention was took place at 8 sessions and it was followed up 1 month later. Covariance was used to analyze the data. ACT is effective on the happiness of cancerous children's mothers. Furthermore, ACT has a meaningful effect on the happiness sub-scales such as satisfaction with life, self-satisfaction and self-esteem and One month after the intervention, it remained stable. It is also effective on the psychological well-being of cancerous children's mothers and all the sub-scales of psychological well-being; One month after the intervention, it remained stable too. The results of this study showed that ACT is effective on the happiness and the psychological well-being of cancerous children's mothers. This intervention method can be used as an efficient and effective way to promote the happiness and well-being of mothers in Cancer Patients' Treatment Centers.

In the framework of structural equations, the relationships between these variables had an acceptable fit and all the research hypotheses were approved. In other words, the correlation between IQ with meaningful thinking, IQ correlation with academic performance, and correlation between critical thinking and academic performance were positive and significant. The present study is a correlational study. The statistical population of this study was all students of Khorram Darreh high school in the academic year of 1996-96. A total of 300 people were selected through multi-stage random sampling. Data were collected from: Raven Evolutionary Matrices, Critical Thinking Questionnaire and GPA. Data were analyzed using spss version 18 and Amos version 20 software. In the framework of structural equations, the relationships between these variables had an acceptable fit and all the research hypotheses were approved. In other words, the correlation between IQ with meaningful thinking, IQ correlation with academic performance, and correlation between critical thinking and academic performance were positive and significant. IQs either directly or indirectly correlated with critical thinking with academic performance. In other words, using critical thinking skills can be a good result of academic performance, because using critical thinking leads to meaningful learning development in students. Therefore, it is suggested that critical thinking skills be defined as a single syllabus, in order to strengthen the students' academic performance, provide admissions with the critique of their opinions and opinions.