نشریه مطالعات کاربردی تندرستی در فیزیولوژی ورزش
سال چهارم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1396)

The aim of this research was to investigate the Effect of two month aerobic training and pomegranate peel extract (PPE) supplementation on Insulin resistance index in obese rats. Forty aged Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups including Control, aerobic training (AT), PPE and PPE+ AT. Aerobic training groups participated in 8 weeks of aerobic training, five sessions per week on an automatic treadmill. Administration of pomegranate peel extract (130 gr daily) was done by oral gavage solution method, 20 to 30 minutes before breakfast meal for eight weeks. Blood samples were taken to analyze Insulin resistance index levels and lipid profile and the data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and ANOVA. The results showed that aerobic training (AT) reduced body weight, insulin and insulin sensitivity, and pomegranate peel extract had no significant effect. However, none of the interventions had a significant effect on plasma glucose. Exercise alone cannot reduce glucose in obese people, and in order to provide general health in these people, regular exercise programs along with nutritional controls should be introduced to avoid the consumption of simple carbohydrates regardless of physical activity status.

Anaerobic power, which is one of the components of physical fitness and vital motor ability in sports requiring short and long term activities with maximum power output. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of acute consumption of 6 milligrams of melatonin on anaerobic power and short-term performance of girls Student was a nurse. Twelve (21.5 ± 1.29 years old, 58.63 ± 2.69 pounds, 39.8 ± 4.17 mg / kg / min) were selected randomly and crossed to 2 The supplementation phase (6 mg melatonin) and placebo (starch capsule) were evaluated. The anaerobic power was measured by the Wingate test, the upper and lower explosive strength, respectively, by means of the Madison Wing Ball and jump length, as well as the power of the duplex by the dynamometer, respectively. The results showed that using 6 milligrams of melatonin, a significant increase in anaerobic power was observed in melatonin compared to placebo (P <0.05); however, short-term performance after melatonin administration did not change significantly (P≥0.05). The short-term use of melatonin seems to increase the anxiety of female students in nursing education, but it does not affect the long-term short-term efficacy.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a mountaineering session at an altitude of 2200 meters on arterial oxygen saturation and heart rate in adolescent girls. For this purpose, 17 adolescent girls aged 16-14 years old with low mobility in Khorramabad city participated in the test. The measurements were performed in two steps before and after the test with a pulse oximeter equipped with a heart rate monitor, arterial oxygen saturation and heart rate two days before the test and immediately after reaching the 2200-meter point. The results of this study showed that a climbing session at 2200 meters height had significant effect on arterial oxygen saturation and heart rate in adolescent girls. therefore, for the better performance of athletes in the tournament As well as improving the level of sport and their readiness, a suitable training program at high altitudes, in the short, medium and long term, is recommended for players and sports team coaches for better fitness. As well as considering the principles of staying in altitude, is recommended.

The aim of this research was to evaluate the Effect of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and aerobic continuous training on lipid profile, physiological indicators and aerobic and anaerobic performance in sedentary male. In this experimental study, 20 male sedentary male (aged 20-30 years) in a randomized and double-blind design were divided in two equal HIIT and aerobic continuous training groupS. Before and after training period, all subjects were participated in six week HIIT and aerobic continuous training. Blood samples were obtained in the two phases: 24 hours before and after training protocols. Maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), ventilatory threshold (VT), mean power outpot (MPO), Peak Power Output (PPO), Fatigue Index, Body Composition (BC), Lipid profile, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were analyzed. Change any of the parameters (mean and standard deviation) of four stages repeated ANOVA and independent and dependent sample T tests. The significance level was set at p<0.05. Four weeks of HIIT and aerobic training cause significantly increased in VO2max, MPO and PPO (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference in the percentage of fat in the HIIT group (P < 0.05). In addition, there was a significant decrease in thr CRP, Triglycerides, cholesterol and LDL in HIIT group (P < 0.05).

Heart rate recovery is a non-invasive method for evaluating cardiac autonomic regulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acute incremental aerobic exercise with arm and leg on heart rate and blood pressure recovery in active and inactive girls. Based on the VO2max, 12 subjects were divided in two groups: active (n=6) and inactive (n=6), and in different days, performed both incremental aerobic exercise tests on Monarch arm and leg ergometers, until exhaustion. for leg and for arm. Then, heart rate (before, 30 seconds, 1, 2 and 3 minutes after activity) and systolic blood pressure values (before, 30 seconds, 3 and 30 minutes after activity) were measured. To analyze the statistical data analyze of covariance at level of P ≤ 0/05 was used. Following both protocols, the active group showed faster heart rate and blood pressure recovery, compared to inactive group, although these changes were not significant (P> 0/05).Only in the third minute of recovery, after incremental exercise with leg, there was a significant difference in the recovery heart rate between active and inactive girls (P =0.029). In short, the physical response of active girls to recovery indexes, following aerobic exercises with both upper and lower extremities, was better than that of inactive girls; however, this difference was not significant. Keywords: Aerobic exercise, Heart rate recovery, Systolic blood pressure recovery

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between real and self-perception of physical fitness in men 18-60 years old in Rasht. The method of this research is correlational, conducted in a survey and field study. 384 male of Rasht city population with mean age of 38.2 ± 11.8 years and a body mass index of 26.4 ± 4.0 kg/m2 were randomly selected by cluster sampling. In this research, information was analyzed on two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics. Fitness factors including weight, height, subcutaneous fat, cardio-respiratory endurance, handgrip strength, and trunk flexibility were measured using standard tests and methods. Self-perception of physical fitness was measured using modified Delignières et al questionnaire. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between variables. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0. The results of this study showed that there was a significantly positive correlation between real and self-perception of cardio-respiratory endurance (r=0.16, p =0.031), trunk flexibility (r=0.28, p=0.001), a significantly negative correlation for body composition (r=-0.43, p= 0.001), and no significant correlation for muscle strength (r=0.11, p = 0.38). In general, it seems that people can accurately self-perceive their physical fitness status when by taking into regular physical activity and see actual changes in their physical fitness status.

Increased lactate dehydrogenase and liver enzymes may be harmf ul to the individual through exercise-induced exhaustion in the blood. Using low-calorie diets with moderate carbohydrates is one of the ways to reduce these amounts. For this purpose, among overweight boys students studying at Shahid Chamran University, 30 were selected randomly and divided into two experimental and control groups based on body composition index. For experimental group, low calorie diet with moderate carbohydrate (carbohydrate contribution of 55% of energy) was recounted by a 24-hour questionnaire for 6 weeks and adjusted with food nutrition expert's nutrition software. For inter-group variation, t-dependent variation was used to compare the covariance between groups. The results indicated that serum alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase increased significantly with an aerobic exercise session in both experimental and control groups. However, the values of AST and alanine aminotransferase between the two experimental and control groups were not significant at all despite the increase. A six-week low-calorie diet with moderate carbohydrates can significantly reduce lactate dehydrogenase and liver enzymes.

The consumption of sports supplement and also the effect of the effect of Times of the day on improving exercise performance have been important issues in the past and present. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of caffeine supplementation on anaerobic performance and fatigue index during the morning and afternoon in high school physical education student. The anaerobic power of subjects (n =12) was determined by a single- blind, placebo controlled and crossover design, under three conditions of caffeine intake of 6 mg / kg, placebo in 6 mg / kg 6 dextrose and basal conditions in the morning and the evening Morning and evening were evaluated. To analyze the data, repeated measures ANOVA and t-test were used. The results showed that the variables measuring the effect of time (morning and evening) was significant. However, the effect of conditions (caffeine, placebo, and basal) was not significant (P> 0.05). The interaction of time and conditions was significant only in the minimum power and fatigue index (P <0.05). The results showed that caffeine had no significant effect on the anaerobic function of the subjects. In all three conditions, the anaerobic function of the subjects was better in the morning than in the evening, and the only exception was fatigue index, which was not different between morning and evening.

Overweight is risk factor of deseise relate to life style like diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease.Adipose tissue is more than energy reserves and active tissue that secrete adipokines and leptin so also call adipokines .Aim of investigation was effects of specific aerobic exercise on the amount of leptin serum in athletes men .Therefore subjects included thirty athlete that divided two group,experimental(15n) and control(15n). experimental group underwent 8-week specific aerobic exercise program with a frequency of 3 d/w. The exercise consistet of a 60 minute (constant jump rope) training at approximately %65 of the individual maximal reserve heart rate. Leptin serum levels was significantly lower in the experimental group compared with the control group.(0.67 ± 0.28) vs 1.291 ± 0.43). After 8 week training there were 8 significant differences for the levels of leptin in experimental group compared with the control group but after 4 week was not significantly differences . Leptin levels of who exercise regularly were found lower than levels in sedentary group. As regular exercise reduces body fat rate, it also reduces leptin serum.

Oxygen reactive species are produced in response to exhausting exercise, which results in lipid peroxidation and cellular damage. The use of antioxidant supplements reduces the oxidative stress caused by such exercises. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of zinc and copper supplements on total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde after passive exercise activity in girls. In this quasi-experimental study, 24 non-active students qualified in the technical university of Tabriz were voluntarily participated and randomly divided into 3 separate and synergistic groups of zinc and copper, half an hour before and immediately after Bruce Blood Test was used for blood sampling and after a one-week follow-up, the participants participated in the test and re-blood sampling. Data were analyzed using SPSS16 software, t-test and one way ANOVA The increase in level of malondialdehyde in the exogenous exercise group was significantly lower in the zinc group. Total antioxidant capacity of zinc group increased significantly after exercise (but in other groups there were no significant changes. The results showed that free radicals are effective in lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant supplementation of zinc has a significant role in reducing this injury. Key words: Zinc and Copper Supplement, Total antioxidant capacity, Malondialdehyde, Exodus Exercis

The control of appetite and energy balance is key to weight control. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks high-intensity interval training with milk supplementation on appetite and body composition in obese women. 30 obese women selected and divided into three groups control, Training and Training + milk randomly. Training groups undertook HIIT training for eight weeks with 70 to 90 percent of VO2max. To measure appetite, specific questionnaires (VAS) were used. Subjects in this study, 236 ml of milk was given to subjects after 10 minutes of training. For data analysis, t test was performed at the significance level of P <0.05 with SPSS software. The overall result of the study indicated that eight weeks of HIIT training and milk supplementation had a significant effect on appetite (P <0.001) and body composition (P <0.001) in Training and Training + milk groups but not significant effect on control group on appetite (P =0.434) and body composition (P =0.531). The present study showed that after eight weeks of HIIT exercise, appetite and body composition in both exercise and exercise groups improved, it is suggested that the HIIT exercise protocol and milk intake should be considered in order to reduce appetite and improve the body composition of obese women.

Regular physical activities play a prominent role in the aging process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks anaerobic interval training on the Irisin, Insulin and lipid profiles in elderly men. In this quasi experimental study 26 elderly men from semnan city (age 63.78±3.66 years old) were selected and randomly divided into two groups of intervention (n=14) and control (n=12). The intervention group performed anaerobic interval training with 10 to 17 repetitions of 20 seconds running, 70-80% maximal heart rate and 80 second recovery. The ELISA method was used to measure biochemical variables and multivariate analysis of covariance used to analyze the data at a significant level of P≤0.05. The results showed that 8 weeks of anaerobic interval training significantly increased the level of Irisin (P=0.001). Also, glucose levels (P=0.001) and LDL (P=0.001) decreased significantly. Based on the findings, performing anaerobic interval training, with increased of Irisin and development of lipid profile leads to improves the body composition of the elderly and brings happiness and vitality to this community of people.