مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
پیاپی 511 (هفته سوم اسفند 1397)

Delivery is an active process that causes one of the most severe pains that a woman experiences in her life. Today, pain control methods, such as using Entonox (N2O + O2), have been suggested to reduce the pain of the active phase of labor. This study was conducted with the aim of comparing the mean duration of the active phase of labor using Entonox and placebo. In this clinical trial study, 120 pregnant women with classes 1 and 2 of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), in the active phase or cervical dilatation of 4 cm, and the gestational age of 37-41 weeks were randomly divided into two equal groups of Entonox inhalation and placebo (compressed air). The duration of delivery in dilates 4 to 6, 6 to 8, and 8 to 10 cm, and finally the total active phase time in the two groups were assessed and compared. The duration of active phase of labor in the Entonox group (201.6 ± 49.2 minutes) was significantly less than placebo group (252.6 ± 62.4 minutes) (P < 0.05). Moreover, the duration of dilation was 4 to 6 and 6 to 8 cm in the Entonox group, and was significantly less than placebo group (P < 0.05); but there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of dilation of 8 to 10 cm (P = 0.35). Using inhalation of Entonox in comparison with the placebo, decreased pain and the duration of active phase of labor, especially in the first stages of this phase.

The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between the sense of coherence and quality of life in women with breast cancer after chemotherapy. In a cross-sectional study, 80 women with breast cancer who underwent chemotherapy were selected. The quality of life and sense of coherence were measures using the Quality of Life Questionnaire-Breast Cancer 23 (BR23) and the Sense of Coherence 13 (SOC13) questionnaires standardized, respectively. The correlation between them was measured using linear regression and Pearson correlation tests. 11.3% of the participants had low, 73.8% had moderate, and 15% had high quality of life. 41.2% of participants had moderate coherence and 58.8% had a high degree of coherence. There was a direct and significant correlation between the sense of coherence and quality of life (0.7) (P < 0.001). There is a direct and significant correlation between quality of life and sense of coherence in women with breast cancer; and it seems that supportive and psychological treatments can be effective in improving the quality of life of women with breast cancer.

Leishmania major is the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran. Because of the side effects of current drugs and the emergence of drug resistance in some areas, researchers have been seeking for more effective and non-complicated compounds, especially herbal medicines and natural compounds, for the treatment of leishmaniasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antileishmanial effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Ganoderma leucidum on Leishmania major compared to commonly used drugs. Iranian Leishmania major parasite species (MRHO/IR/75/ER) was cultured in Novy-Mac Neal-Nicolle (NNN) and Roswell Park Memorial Institute-1640 (RPMI)-enriched media, and in the metacyclic phase transferred to a 96-well plate at the time of preparation of the hydroalcoholic extracts. Then, concentrations of 10, 50, 100, 150, and 200 µg/ml were used at 24, 48, and 72 hours. The amount of live promastigotes was assessed by using a hemocytometer and MTT colorimetric assay. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Simonov, ANOVA, and repeated measures ANOVA tests, and P < 0.05 was considered as a meaningful level. The hydroalcoholic extract of this mushroom at high concentrations (150 and 200 µg/ml) inhibited the growth of the parasite significantly, and had a direct correlation with the increase of time (P < 0.001). Moreover, in the MTT method, it was a significant difference in the mean of optical absorption of different extract concentrations at 24, 48, and 72 hours (P < 0.001). The observed antileishmanial effect of Ganoderma leucidum extract on the number and growth of live promastigotes at high concentrations can be resulted due to its compounds such as tannins, flavonoids, triterophenides, and polysaccharides. It requires further research on the purification of its compounds and work on the animal model of Leishmaniasis.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of using a panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) laser in one or three sessions on the improvement of symptoms of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. In a clinical trial study, 80 eyes from 40 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy were selected and randomly divided into two groups. The first group was cured by 2400 spots in one session of PRP and the second group was cured by 2400 spots divided in three sessions (3 × 800) of PRP. Finally, early complication of laser therapy was compared between the two groups. The changes of visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and central macula thickness were not significantly different between the two groups of one and three sessions of PRP. Performing PRP in a single session or three divided sessions does not have an effect on visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and macular thickness; but it seems that the laser is preferred in one session due to reduced frequency of visits and therapeutic costs.

This study aimed to compare the results of frontal endoscopic lift with three incisions and deep posterior dissection and five incisions with districted dissection. In a clinical trial study, 50 patients who were candidates for endoscopic lift of eyebrow and forehead were selected and randomly divided into two group of 25. The first group was operated with three incisions and deep posterior dissection and the second group was operated with five incisions with districted dissection. Characteristics and wrinkles of the forehead and eyebrow were measured before and after intervention, and compared between the two groups. Six months after operation, the mean difference of eyebrows and foreheads characteristics was higher in the group with three incisions. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the improvement of gaze and transverse claws (P = 0.110), but the improvement in glabellar crowns was significantly higher in the three incisions group; so that 63.6% of the patients in three incisions and 14.3% of patients in five incisions groups were completely improved (P = 0.004). Temporal prominence was improved in 31.8% of the patients in three incisions group, and no evidence of improvement of temporal prominence was seen in five incisions group (P = 0.013). Both methods, three incisions with deep dissection and five incisions with districted dissection, are effective in improving facial wrinkles. However, the improvement in some cases, including the repair of pear-shaped chin, as well as eyebrows and eyelids, are more favorable in the endoscopic lifting by three incisions and deep posterior dissection.