نشریه روند
پیاپی 81-82 (بهار و تابستان 1397)

On Decmber 2010, the economic reform program, so called "Targeted Subsidies Reform" had been implemented to organize the subsidy payment in Iran in toto. The silent feature of this economic program was per se payment of direct subsidies to the households. As a result, during the execution of this policy, many households got benefited from the transfer payment, irrespective of the income group which they belonged to, Ipsofacto. However, in recent years, one may observe a modicum ebb in the participation rate of the high income group in the Targeted Subsidies Reform Program. In this paper, an attempt is made to investigate the impact of transfer payment derived from the subsidy reform policy on poverty alleviation of households during the study period of 2009-2016. Hence, for this purpose the numerical poverty indices such as FGT, CHU and SST, along with the poverty ordering methods were appraised and calculated Pro rata. The results prima facie indicate that the "Targeted Subsidies Reform Policy" was effective in diminishing the menace and incidence of poverty, at the beginning stages of its implementation in Iran, though its impact got neutralized in the course of time, Sine qua non.

Surveilling the operations and de facto the performances of banking network in an economy and the very underpinning of its financial system have per se been the main issue of engrossment for the decision takers, policy makers and financial analyzers of that economy in toto. Meanwhile, it is an axiomatic fact that ensuring the soundness and stability of banking network, shall pave the way for strength of financial system in the economy Sine qua non. In this paper, an attempt is made to investigate the performance of banking network in Iran Viz-a-Viz analyzing the stability index which is comprising the resilience and soundness indicators as well as the index for performance of the global economy in the sample period of 2008-2015, Ipso facto. The results prima facie specify that the average trend of banking network stability index declined since 2010-2011. Similarly, the annual average of stability index during the period of 2012-2015 had been placed in lower level, compared to the trend of steadiness during the period of 2008-2011, which de Jure indicates the fragility of banking network stability in the period under the study, Sui generis.

The Vicissitudes in Consumer Price Index for essential goods and services bear de facto significant precedence for economic policy making. In this context, one may observe that the Administrative Consumer Price Index (CPI-A) is a special feature of CPI and virtually derived from it which per se constitute the selected tally of items in CPI, that the government (including the central and / or state government) shall render a substantial role in determining their prices Sine qua non. The generation of this indicator carries its eminence to surveil persistently the changes in the price trend of administrative items as well as, to embellish the impact of upheavals in administrative prices on CPI inflationary rate, Quid pro qua. In this paper, an attempt is made to build an Administrative Consumer Price Index (CPI-A). The results prima facie indicate that, the share of administrative items in the basket of consumer price index for goods and services of the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the base year of (2011=100) is about 28.8 percent, which is de jure more than the share of administrative items out of the Harmonized Index of Consumer Price Index (HICP) in the European Union, Ipso facto. Besides, the analysis of Changes in CPI-A Index during the period 2011-2017 show that the adjustments in prices of administrative items are proportional to the variations of market equilibrium prices, pro rata. Hence, we may construe that the government has been prosperous in the pricing of administrative items Afortiori. Although a fastidious postulation of this index can stipulate that in certain commodity groups i.e fuel, the government has not been auspicious in prising, Sui generis.

Each Business entity comprises per se some creative and integral elements such as customer groups, the propounded values, methods, channels and apparatus for indoctrinating the value judgment to customers, systems for communicating with customers, resources and activities as well as income streams and costs which de facto may constitute the business model of an enterprise in toto. Indeed, the business model of banks may endure drastic vicissitude, Viz-a-Viz emanation of new paradigms i.e customer oriented system, open banking system, and digital banking system, Pro rata. Besides, the fact that the modicum meliorism in the traditional banking practices of banks are de Jure bound to be ineffective and defeasible, Sine die. Hence, Via strategic design of a business model of banking system, we may postulate a competitive modus operandi to attain the Win-Win approach for maximization of profits and interests of banks customers, shareholders and other beneficiaries, Sui generis, In this context, one can observe that the implementation of strategic business model shall mitigate the inefficiencies and dilapidation of resources and thwart the undue involvement of banks into parallel operations, and above all, preclude the unethical and iniquitous competition, Sine qua non. Thus, in this paper an attempt is made to expound a business model and the challenges envisaged in the banking system of Iran and subsequently, we have predicated a practical business model for a hypothetical Iranian bank and finally we have held out the Pertinent Proffers, A fortiori.

The global crisis of 2008 highlighted the need to understand financial interconnectedness among the various sectors of an economy and between them and their counterparties in the rest of the world. However, application of this kind of analysis has been hampered by the lack of adequate data. This paper sets the background for promoting internationally coordinated efforts for compiling and disseminating data on sectoral financial positions and flows on a from-whom-to-whom basis within the framework of the System of National Accounts. It draws on actual experiences in compiling these kinds of data and provides guidelines for their development in the future.

The aggregate debt of the oil and gas sector globally stands at roughly $2.5 trillion, two and a half times higher than what it was at the end of 2006. The recent fall in the oil price represents per se a significant decline in the value of assets which is de facto backing this debt, introducing a new element to price developments. In common with other episodes of retrenchment induced by rapid declines in asset values, greater leverage may have amplified the dynamics of the oil price decline. The high debt burden of the oil sector also complicates the assessment of the macroeconomic effects of the oil price decline because of its impact on capital expenditure and government budgets, and due to the interaction with a stronger dollar.