فهرست مطالب

International Journal of Optimization in Civil Engineering
Volume:9 Issue: 4, Autumn 2019

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1398/06/10
  • تعداد عناوین: 9
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  • F. Abdollahi, S. M. Tavakkoli* Pages 543-560
    In this paper, topology optimization is utilized for damage detection in three dimensional elasticity problems. In addition, two mode expansion techniques are used to derive unknown modal data from measured data identified by installed sensors. Damages in the model are assumed as reduction of mass and stiffness in the discretized finite elements. The Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization (SIMP) method is used for parameterizing topology of the structure. Difference between mode shapes of the model and real structure is minimized via a mathematical based algorithm. Analytical sensitivity analysis is performed to obtain derivatives of objective function with respect to the design variables. In order to illustrate the accuracy of the proposed method, four numerical examples are presented.
    Keywords: structural health monitoring, mode expansion, damage identification, SIMP, topology optimization
  • R. Babazadeh*, F. Ezati, A. Sabbaghnia Pages 561-574
    Production planning and inventory control efforts are known as the driving engines of manufacturing systems. The manufacturers, competing to survive in these days’ competitive business environment, aim to satisfy customers’ needs. This requires a precise production plan throughout the supply chain. These days, because of the increasing costs of production and distribution, especially in the cement industry, and given the importance of this industry, investors seek to reduce the production costs as much as possible, to achieve a competitive advantage. In cement industry, main focuses are converging on the alternative fuels developments, optimization of furnace fuel consumptions and sustainable and green production considerations. In this study, a mathematical model is developed to investigate the cement production plan. The objective function is to minimize the total costs of a real case of cement industry. The proposed model is applied on a case of real world application at the West Azerbaijan’s Urmia Cement Company. Sensitivity analyses are carried out on the findings of the model. The proposed model has proven to be cost efficient.
    Keywords: optimization, production planning, cement, optimization of cement supply chain
  • A. Hajishabanian, K. Laknejadi*, P. Zarfam Pages 575-597
    One of the most important problems discussed recently in structural engineering is the structural reliability analysis considering uncertainties. To have an efficient optimization process for designing a safe structure, firstly it is required to study the effects of uncertainties on the seismic performance of structure and then incorporate these effects on the optimization process. In this study, a new procedure developed for incorporating two important sources of uncertainties in design optimization process of steel moment resisting frames, is proposed. The first source is related to the connection parameter uncertainties and the second one to seismic demand uncertainty. Additionally Mont Carlo (MC) simulation and a variance reduction technique (VRT) are utilized to deal with uncertainties and to reduce the corresponding computational cost. In the proposed procedure two design objectives are considered, which are structural weight and collapse prevention reliability index for a moment resisting frame in such a way that leads to a set of optimum designs with minimum weight and less possible amounts of sensitivity to connection parameters uncertainties and spectral acceleration uncertainty as seismic demand variation. Additionally, in this procedure the reliability index is computed considering all FEMA-356 performance acceptance criteria, the approach that has never been investigated in other studies. The efficiency of this approach is illustrated by exhibiting a set of optimum designs, in the form of both objective values and investigating nonlinear behavior of optimum designs compared with non-optimum designs. This procedure is introduced in this paper with emphasize on the collapse limit state and applying pushover analysis for studying the nonlinear behavior of structural elements.
    Keywords: reliability analysis, connection parameters, uncertainties, monte carlo simulation, variance reduction, seismic demand variation, collapse limit state
  • K. Almássy, G. Fekete* Pages 599-609
    Budapest Közút is developing ROad Data Information System based on mobile laser scanning since 2013. All public roads (cca. 5000 km) are surveyed by MLS (Riegl VMX450) in survey grade accuracy and all visible road assets has been digitized and loaded to a complex 3D GIS environment. Since the first full coverage had been done in 2014 the whole city has also been updated - being one of the few large infrastructure in the World that has not one but multiple high accuracy 3D data for the whole network. The high level accuracy, the full coverage and the already available data updates allows Budapest to use the 3D data for multiple operational applications - from traffic- and road design to planning, from assets management to traffic safety analyst and municipality activities.
    One of the most cutting-edge applications is the road surface analyst over time that allows the road management company to analyze and optimize different construction methods and is changes over the years.
    One example for road quality analyst is the application of data support for PMS (Pavement Management System) how keeps this new component the road surface quality well?
    Keywords: mobile laser scanning (MLS), pavement management system (PMS), 3D data, point clouds, optimized pavement maintenance
  • H. Fazli* Pages 611-628
    Composite RCS building frames integrate reinforced concrete columns with structural steel beams to provide an efficient solution for the design and construction of earthquake-resisting structures. In this paper, an optimization framework is developed for performance-based seismic design of planar RCS moment resisting frames. The objective functions are defined as minimizing the construction cost and the seismic damage. The design variables are obtained in a two-stage design optimization procedure; the elastic design in which column cross-section dimensions are determined and the inelastic design in which beam cross-sections and column reinforcements are obtained. Two design examples are presented to demonstrate the applicability and efficiency of the proposed method. Based on the obtained results, it is concluded that the proposed design optimization procedure is a viable approach in producing cost effective seismic designs of composite RCS frames, with reliable seismic performance and reduced damage potential in the event of a severe earthquake ground motion.
    Keywords: Optimization, Performance-based design, Seismic design, Composite structure, RCS frame, Colliding Bodies Optimization
  • V. Shobeiri, B. Ahmadi, Nedushan* Pages 629-650
    In this paper, the bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) method is used to find optimal layouts of 3D prestressed concrete beams. Considering the element sensitivity number as the design variable, the mathematical formulation of topology optimization is developed based on the ABAQUS finite element software package. The surface-to-surface contact with a small sliding between concrete and prestressing steels is assumed to accurately model the prestressing effects. The concrete constitutive model used is the concrete damaged plasticity (CDP) model in ABAQUS. The integration of the optimization algorithm and finite element analysis (FEA) tools is done by using the ABAQUS scripting interface. A pretensioned prestressed simply supported beam is modeled to show capabilities of the proposed method in finding optimal topologies of prestressed concrete beams. Many issues relating to topology optimization of prestressed concrete beams such as the effects of prestressing stress, geometrical discontinuities and height constraints on optimal designs and strut-and-tie models (STMs) are studied in the example. The results show that the proposed method can efficiently be used for layout optimization of prestressed concrete beams.
    Keywords: topology optimization, strut-and-tie models, 3D pretensioned concrete, material nonlinearity
  • R. Ghiamat, M. Madhkhan, T. Bakhshpoori* Pages 651-670
    Bridges constitute an expensive segment of construction projects; the optimization of their designs will affect their high cost. Segmental precast concrete bridges are one of the most commonly serviced bridges built for mid and long spans. Genetic algorithm is one of the most widely applied meta-heuristic algorithms due to its ability in optimizing cost. Next to providing cost optimization of these bridge types, the effects of each one of the main three selections, crossover and mutation operators are assessed, and the best operator is determined through the Taguchi experimental design. To validate the functionality of this algorithm, a bridge constructed in the city of Isfahan, Iran (completed in 2017) is optimized, a total of 13% reduction in cost and weight of its superstructure is evident. The efficiency of applying the Taguchi method in determining the type of operators of the genetic algorithm is proved.
    Keywords: segmental concrete bridge, optimization, genetic algorithm, Taguchi method
  • R. Kamgar*, Y. Askari Dolatabad, M. R. Babadaei Samani Pages 671-687
    Nowadays, steel shear walls are used as efficient lateral-load-resistant systems due to their high lateral stiffness and carrying capacity. In this paper, the effect of substituting a shape memory alloy (SMA) material is investigated instead of using conventional steel in the shear wall. A numerical study is conducted using finite element method (FEM) by OpenSees software. For this purpose, at first, to verify the numerical simulation, the results of the experimental data are compared with those obtained from the numerical phase. Finally, the behavior of a one-bay three-story steel frame equipped with shear walls made of conventional steel, shape memory alloy and a combination of these two materials are studied when the structure is subjected to cyclic and seismic loadings. Results indicate that the use of shape memory alloy increases the maximum deformation, the yield displacement, and also the loading capacity of the structure. Also, it decreases the residual deformation of the structure and its initial stiffness. In general, using composite materials of conventional steel and shape memory alloy can reduce the maximum value of compression axial load of the column and, as a result, increase maximum rotation at the connections. In addition, the minimum and maximum values of base shear occurred in the model with 50% and 25% of Ni-Ti SMA material, respectively.
    Keywords: shear wall, shape memory alloy, cyclic loading, seismic loading, strip method
  • A. Bolideh, H. Ghohani Arab*, M. R. Ghasemi Pages 689-708
    The present study addresses optimal design of reinforced concrete (RC) columns based on equivalent equations considering deformability regulations of ACI318-14 under axial force and uniaxial bending moment. This study contrary to common approaches working with trial and error approach in design, at first presents an exact solution for intensity of longitudinal reinforcement in column section by solving equivalent equation. Then, longitudinal and transverse reinforcement details are assessed regarding the previous step results and where achieving the lowest steel consumption design in the column is selected as the optimum. In addition to optimizing column cross-section dimension by implementing single-variable optimization methods, the effect of axial force, bending moment and concrete compressive strength variations on the column cross-section dimension, intensity of longitudinal reinforcement, construction costs and total weight of consumption steel have been investigated. The investigation on the validity of the proposed method was assessed and signified through comparison with the existed work in the literature. Finding an exact solution considering all regulations and constraints is the advantage of this method in determining optimized RC column.
    Keywords: columns, uniaxial moment, optimal reinforcement details, intermediate moment frame, transverse reinforcement