مجله پزشکی قانونی
سال بیست و چهارم شماره 2 (پیاپی 86، تابستان 1397)

Background and Carbon monoxide poisoning is one of the common causes of mortality in developing countries, during the cold months of winter. At the moment, the final diagnosis is based on positive test of spectrophotometry. Considering that there are not laboratory facilities available all the time for carrying out this test. Therefore, we decided to review sensitivity and specificity of clinical findings in examination of corpse in comparison to spectrophotometry test in diagnosis of death due to carbon monoxide poisoning. All corpses with suspicious history of carbon monoxide poisoning, which were referred to the anatomy hall of the Tehran Laboratory Diagnostic Center from Aban to Esfand month of 1395, were examined. A blood sample from all of these bodies was taken to examination and conducted spectrophotometric testing in the toxic laboratory. Other information needed for this study was extracted from physician’s examination and autopsy of body and interview with relatives. Information of the cases were extracted and written in the prepared forms by an experienced physician. Data analysis was done using version 21 SPSS software. 107 bodies of males and 31 bodies of females were investigated. 112 cases died from carbon monoxide poisoning, and in 26 cases the cause of death were apart from carbon monoxide poisoning. In the study of clinical findings, in 110 cases bright red color of the hypostasis, in 92 cases bright red color of the conjunctiva, in 91 cases bright red color of the oral mucosa, in 99 cases bright red color of the nail bed and in 135 cases bright red blood were seen. In 110 cases spectrophotometric tests were positive and in 28 cases tests results were negative. On the other hand, 95 cases had positive clinical findings and 36 cases had negative clinical findings. Considering to the sensitivity of 94% and the specificity of 100% of the findings of clinical examinations in people who died due to carbon monoxide poisoning, as well as the positive predictive value of 100% and the efficiency of 94% of these findings, it can be concluded that if a body with the history of carbon monoxide poisoning refers to the anatomy hall and after examination of the corpse in sufficient light by the experienced physician, bright red color of the hypostasis, the nail bed, the blood and the oral mucosa and conjunctiva are observed, diagnosis of the carbon monoxide poisoning is suggested

Electrical current injuries are of the most important causes of unnatural death. The present study aims to investigate the prevalence of electrocution and lightening related deaths in southeast provinces of the country, and determining factors affecting it.

In this prospective study, all cases of electrocution and lightening related deaths referred to forensic examination center of Sistan and Balochestan, Kerman, and Southern Khorasan, during march 2014 to September 2016, were evaluated regarding their demographic data, manner of death, the time of event, the responsible device, its voltage and post-mortem examination findings.

Overall, 59 cases of electrical-related deaths (86.4% males) were evaluated. The most cases were in the age group of 20-29 years (35.6%) and 30-39 years (27.1%) respectively. Home accidents were the leading cause of deaths in 51.8 percent. Accidental (47.5%) and occupational related electrocutions (35.6%) were the most prevalent events. Lightning was the leading cause of death in 3 cases.

Most cases of electrocution deaths are home accidents and basically are preventable. Another important finding was the high prevalence of occupational related electrocution deaths, which are often preventable by the means of following safety issues.

To prove the claim of sexual assault, the victim should prove its occurrence and declare any evidence confirming the assailant’s identity such as semen on the victim’s body, clothes, linen or any other belongings. Semen contains a high level of acid phosphatase, which can be used as a strong possible marker of semen. This study is conducted to survey the frequency of acid phosphatase positive results in sexual assault claimants who had come to Tehran Central Legal Medicine Office from January 2012 to January 2013. This study is a cross-sectional descriptive analytic survey on 352 female sexual assault claimants. We collected samples from those who had arrived within the first five days following the occurrence of the claimed assault (86 cases). We also took any suspicious semen-stained objects from the victims regardless of the time passed since the claimed assault. These samples were assessed for acid phosphatase and the results were analyzed by SPSS version 22 software. 352 sexual assault claimants were visited and 115 samples were taken from 86 cases. We got positive results from 27 percent of these samples. Also, 60 percent of 45 personal belongings, which had been delivered were acid phosphatase positive. Eighty percent of the positive vaginal samples and 100 percent of the positive anal samples belonged to victims who had been visited during the first 72 hours. Twelve percent of the positive vaginal cases belonged to those with intact hymen. Similarly there was no sign of anal injury in 44.4 percent of positive anal results. Although no acceptable correlation was found between positive results and the time passed since sexual assault, it seems the early hours after the event are the best time for examination of victims. Positive results can be expected only during the first 72 hours in anal assault and even beyond 72 hours in vaginal assaults. Furthermore, in case of existing ejaculation, evidences should be collected even when there is no sign of apparent anal or hymenal injury.

One of important subjects and issues discussed in medical sciences that caused occurrence of new legal and jurisprudence issues in the society is sex reassignment surgery (SRS). Although in the past these discussions existed more or less. However, nowadays due to technological progress and medical science achievements, new aspects of this subject have emerged. Despite different views concerning sex reassignment surgery (SRS) permission, famous jurisprudents have in principle accepted the act of sex reassignment surgery (SRS) as such, if it is required and necessary and based on medical prognosis. In this article, the penal effects of sex reassignment surgery (SRS) in retribution (including breath and organ retribution) on condition of offender and victim of an offence, regarding issues of a verdict and execution of punishment are considered. This is a descriptive and analytical study, and the method of gathering data is analytical research through library for gathering contents by taking notes. Also in the mean time, attending in person the Office of Social Victims Affairs of Welfare Organization of the country, National Forensic Medicine Organization, Institute for Criminal Sciences and Criminology Research, Faculty of Law and Political Science of Tehran University, and also for obtaining relevant religious decree from great references personal visit were paid to their offices. Direct discussion were also made with lawyers and professors of law and religious jurisprudence and using their views were effective in advancing and enriching this research. In the case of sex reassignment surgery (SRS) is affected in regards to all medical standards updated and diagnosis of a medical expert, is conform to legal rules and principles of laws and is not in conflict with public order and good ethics. Thus, in the current Iranian legal system conditions and in regards to religious famous juridical documentation, sex reassignment surgery (SRS)’s applying all orders and its penal effects in retribution case (including breath and organ retribution), applying issue of a legal order and execution of punishment to offender and victim of an offence will be according to their previous sex. While considering the necessities of medical treatment of transgender people in accordance with recognized opinion and the necessity of treatment of these individuals and determination of their true gender, the legal and penal laws and regulations, which should be applied to their former gender, shall be considered.

Background and Many clients who seek abortion therapy (due to fetal abnormality) fail to obtain permission due to late diagnosis of fetal abnormality and subsequently encounter numerous problems. The aim of this study was to find out the factors affecting this late diagnosis following a solution to prevent it. This study was performed by descriptive-analytical on all clients for abortion therapy in Legal Medicine Center of Mashhad during 2014 and data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire and EXCEL& SPSS software using descriptive statistics including average, mean, percentage and frequency of description by t-student test if parametric and non-parametric of variables using U Mann Whitney and chi-square tests were analyzed. Out of 600 distributed questionnaires, 558 items were completed and included in the study. Findings showed that 558 items of 13.1% of clients did not receive the permission of abortion therapy and received 85.1%. Also 13.3% after the nineteenth week and 86.7% before nineteenth week have been visited. The comparison of these two groups showed that in the dimension of individual variables, family size (p value = 0.01) and type of abnormality (p value = 0.01), in the dimension of individual empowerment variables, education (p value = 0.017), husband’s education (p value = 0.05), mother’s education (p value = 0.05) and father’s education (p value = 0.002), husband’s job (p value = 0.02) and income (p value = 0.03) and in the dimension of structural variables in the area of residence (p value = 0.02), use of care 1 and 2 during pregnancy (p value = 0.00), use of health home (p value = 0.01), problem access to the treatment center (p value = 0.02) had a significant difference in the two groups. The couples, who have low socioeconomic status and consequently less awareness than other groups of society, need advice and information concerning how to follow their health of during pregnancy. Guidance of mothers timely with fetal abnormality requires timely detection of abnormalities following regular visits and timely diagnosis by the clinician. This is completed by compiling a schedule for pregnancy and providing the necessary education and awareness to the health authorities at health centers, especially for health care homes and families, is achievable. However, abnormalities that occur during late pregnancy and cause late referrals require fundamental and specialized studies to shorten the diagnosis time.

Sperm donation is used as a donor sperm to cause male azoospermia or other reasons for pregnancy of women and fertilization with women egg by IUI or IVF until it creates fetus for production of human. The fetus belongs to women and created with her eggs, but is foreign to husband and don’t have any genetic relation with him. There are many disputes in sutra of sperm donation that this approach is authorized or illegal. There are two theories in this subject. One of them lawfully and other unlawfully that each of them have their arguments in providing their opinion. After hecking comments and arguments and review and analysis of them, it seams that illegal theory have more precise legal basis and must accept the prohibition of sperm donation.

Crime is considered as a challenge for security and safety. The reoccurrence of crime provides a ground for more serious deliberation; wearing away the sense of security and forming criminal identity, where it becomes a problem in security and control systems. The aim of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the reoccurrence of crime in Dareh-Shahr prison. All cases in Dareh-Shahr prison were studied using existing data analysis method. Among all cases the obtained information transferred to the questionnaires, 75 were analyzed. Based on the findings of the study, among trauma variables with a correlation coefficient (-0.138) risk about high-risk behavior (0.310) had the strongest correlation with crime reoccurrence variable. Also, other variables such as the quality of relationships within the family (-0.150), family anomie (0.061), income (0.181) and age (0.237) were the crime reoccurrence is a dependent variable. Regression analysis also showed that the foresaid variables are able to explain 18% of crime occurrence dependent variable. Analysis of variance indicated a significant relationship between marital status and rate of crime reoccurrence, whereas no significant relationship reported between birth order and the rate of crime reoccurrence. Discussion and Results of the study shows that the quality of family relationship is regarded as a factor in supervising peoples’ behavior. Also, undertaking high-risk behavior can pave the way for committing criminal deeds. Therefore, focusing on the function of family and management of high-risk behavior can prevent crime and criminal identity formation.

Datura plants cause poisoning in addition to properties and therapeutic applications in consumer and contain hyoscine, hyoscyamine, scopolamine and atropine with anticholinergic properties, which blocks peripheral and central muscarinic receptors. Introducing patient: In this report, a case of death due to poisoning by eating Datura seeds diagnosed with poisoning and autopsy is presented. A 24-year-old man after taking an unspecified amount of Datura seeds in order to benefit from some of the health benefits of the Datura plant showed symptoms of alertness, lower blood pressure and reduced sensory reflexes to treat will be transferred to the hospital. Hematuria and other clinical signs and symptoms of bleeding in the digestive system were revealed. Despite the use of the treatments such as blood transfusions and medications including benzodiazepines, these treatments were not effective, and death occurred. Necropsy findings included yellowing of the skin, pallor, bleeding, bleeding under the conjunctiva, jaundice in the sclera, signs of restoration in the chest, and minor scratches and a bruise on the right side and parallel to the surface of the abdomen and waist were observed. Finally, considering the history of consuming the Datura seed, clinical and paraclinical findings as well as necropsy findings with GCMS confirmation of availability of hyoscine, hyoscyamine, scopolamine in victim’s blood, the cause of death for him was reported poisoning with Datura seeds. In conclusion, the availability of wildlife seed and the sale of it in traditional herbal markets, it makes it essential to reduce the harmful effects of this product with increasing the knowledge of the community about Datura and similar herbal remedies.