نشریه اندیشه و رفتار در روان شناسی بالینی
پیاپی 49 (پاییز 1397)

The main manifestation of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is mental occupation with order, perfectionism and subjective control interpersonal whose price ends in complete loss of flexibility, tolerance and interpersonal efficiency. While in DSM- 5, both obsessive-compulsive disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder were classified in two distinct categories, some researchers believe that continuum approaches provide more precise conceptualization of both disorders. The purpose of this study was to research of the specific relationship between obsessive-compulsive personality and obsessive-compulsive disorder based on subtypes of OCD. To this end, in a descriptive correlational study, 400 female college students of Tehran universities were tested for obsessive-compulsive and obsessive-compulsive personality symptoms. In the second stage, 57 individuals with compulsive disorder were selected as the sample group. The results of regression analysis indicated that there was only significant relationship between "uncertainty" of OCD and obsessive-compulsive personality. The results indicate that there is no specific relationship between obsessive compulsive disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. However there are the great research and theoretical implications about the relationship between the two disorders that require special attention.

Dream analysis is a technique that has always had a very special place in the beliefs of the civilized man and people from ancient times. Dream, with an inner process, is trying to heal tensions and psychological harms. Dream interpretation now is considered as one of Psycho-dynamic therapeutic methods. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dream analysis training (Based on integrated theories of dream research) on perceived stress and ability to solve women’s issues. The community consisted of female students of the Roudehen faculty of psychology and education ranging from 30 to 45 years old from which, 60 people were selected voluntarily and randomly assigned to test group and control group. The subjects were evaluated for perceived stress and problem-solving skills before and after the intervention. The test group were received dream analysis training program in five, 3-hour sessions (Based on integrated theories dream research).The results of multivariate covariance analysis indicated that dream analysis skills training (Based on integrated theories dream research) is effective on perceived stress in women but hasn’t had any significant effect on the problem solving skills of the groups. It seems that knowing the meanings of dreams and increasing the knowledge and attention of individuals to the atmosphere of dreams can be effective in reducing perceived stress. This research supports the role of dream analysis in reducing the perceived stress of clients.

Spectrum bipolar disorders have been placed between depression disorders and psychotic disorders. Bipolar depression is associated with a number of symptoms, such as psychomotor retardation and akathisia. The purpose of this study was comparing the cognitive functions of patients with bipolar I disorder (BD) and normal subjects. The study’s method was an ex post- event (causal-comparative). The sample consisted of 50 women patients with bipolar I disorder (BD), who were selected by targeting sampling, after they were reaching the stable level and the symptoms were reduced they chose among the patient in Tabriz Razi Hospital. Also 50 normal (non- clinical) subjects were chosen. They were matched in gender, age and IQ to compare whit bipolar groups’ functions. Both groups were evaluated using adult Rowan IQ, Simple Strope test, Wechsler Clinical Memory Test, Wisconsin Card Test and Hanoi Tower Test. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis (MANOVA). The result of the research showed the meaningful differences between patients whit bipolar I disorder (BD) and normal group, in tests, which are related to cognitive functions, they include: attention, memory and different aspect of it with some subtests include: personal information, orientation, mental control, memory of numbers, visual memory, and remember the words), cognitive flexibility, and skills of problem solving. Cognitive functions in patients with bipolar I disorder were weaker than normal group, so the first group need some rehabilitations to improve their functions.

Schizophrenia and bipolar disorders are associated with impairment in cognitive functions, and the cognitive profile of these two disorders is similar. However, cognitive defects in these patients may follow different paths. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate and compare the cognitive speed and reaction and decision time in schizophrenia and bipolar patients. For this purpose, in a comparative study, forty patients with schizophrenia, 40 patients with bipolar disorder, and 40 healthy individuals were selected through available sampling, and were tested for positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, mania, depression, trial making, reaction time, and general intelligence. The results of Tukey's test showed that cognitive speed and reaction and decision time in bipolar disorder were lower than schizophrenia disorder and healthy individuals, it was also found that the cognitive speed and reaction and decision time in both schizophrenia and bipolar disorders were significantly lower than healthy individuals. This study showed that cognitive functions have been destroyed in schizophrenia and bipolar disorders, and these patients show a lower performance at cognitive speed and reaction and decision time than in healthy individuals. The findings showed that cognitive speed and reaction and decision time in bipolar patients were weaker than schizophrenia disorder. It seems that the study of cognitive functions such as cognitive speed and reaction and decision time in schizophrenia and bipolar patients can help to understand the pathology of these disorders.

In the combined approach of psychotherapy with drug therapy, the effects of psychotherapy are enhanced by drugs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of behavioral activation therapy with paroxetine on clinical symptoms of social anxiety, depression, fear of negative evaluation and quality of life in patients with social anxiety disorder. For this purpose, in a semi-experimental research with pre-test, post-test and follow-up, 24 clients of psychiatric and psychiatric services with a diagnosis of social anxiety disorder in Mashhad city were selected Accessible method and randomly assigned to two The experimental and control groups were used. The groups were evaluated for social anxiety, depression, quality of life and the consequences of negative social events before, after intervention and 3 months after posttest. The results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed that combined treatment of behavioral activation with paroxetine in average score of fear, avoidance, physiological discomfort, depression, psychological, social relationships, fear of negative evaluation of self and others in post-test and tracking difference Meaningful. This significant change in the physical health variable was observed only in post-test. It seems that the combination of psychotherapy with drug therapy is effective on clinical symptoms of social anxiety, depression, and fear of negative evaluation. In this way, clinical interventions with patients with social anxiety disorder can be used.

Psychological distress may be deemed as a type of abnormality that is responsible for maladaptive thinking and behavior, and requires specialized intervention. In such conditions, the passion of life is reduced, and feeling of heartbreaking and disappointment is converted to a dominant governance. This research aims to compare the somatization syndrome in people with low and high psychological distress. For this purpose, in a cross-sectional research, thousands of the parents of students of Roudehen Branch were selected and assessed in terms of distress and somatization syndrome. Later, 28% of the highest and lowest distress scores were compared singly and as group with high and low distress with regards to somatization elements. The results of one-way analysis of variance indicated that two groups have significant difference with each other in somatization and its elements (physical pain, backache, pain in hands and arms, headache, chest pain, confusion, fainting, heartbeat, panting, pain or problem during sexual relationship, constipation, diarrhea, loose bowel, nausea, bloating, dyspepsia, fatigue and low energy, sleep problems). The findings demonstrate the high distress of patients infected with psychosomatic problems.

The ability to recognize and categorize audio stimuli and track their meaningful patterns and recognition of the difference between sounds in a colloquial language depends on the enhancement of auditory perception. It seems that children with  hyperactivity / attention deficit disorder face several difficulties  due to lack of sensory processes (audio and visual) and limited scope of attention in educational, cognitive, and cognitive fields, especially executive, social, behavioral and emotional functions. The purpose of this study is to make a comparison between visual and auditory performance indexes among the three groups of hyperactivity disorder, attention deficit disorder and attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. To achieve this, in a causal- comparative study, 69 students with the diagnosis of hyperactivity/attention deficit disorder were selected according to the Convenience sampling method and tested for visual-auditory continuous performance. The study grouped the subjects under three headings of hyperactivity disorder (9 people), attention deficit (30), hyperactivity / attention deficit disorder (30 people). The results of one-way analysis of variance showed that auditory and visual performance indexes in students with hyperactivity, attention deficit, hyperactivity-attention deficiency have a significant difference and the auditory and visual performance of the hyperactivity group is better than the attention deficit and hyperactivity / attention deficit group. This research supports deficiencies in visual and auditory related tests of people with ADHD.

Attention deficit- hyperactivity disorder is one of the most commonly recognized disorders in children. This disorder is the most commonly diagnosed psychiatric disorder in children. If the disorder is not treated, it can cause significant problems for childhood and adolescence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ecosystemic play therapy in reducing the symptoms of attention deficit- hyperactivity disorder in children.  For this purpose in a case study research and with using single baseline method, from the population of children with attention deficit- hyper activity disorder in Tehran, 6 child from 7 to 10 years old with the symptom of attention deficit- hyper activity disorder with purposeful sampling were selected, and at the beginning and the end of intervention session and three month after last intervention session with the child behavior checklist were evaluated. Participants received 10 session ecosystemic play therapy. Analysis of within- condition and between-condition showed that ecosystemic play therapy in reducing symptoms of attention deficit- hyper activity disorder is effective. According to the results of the study, ecosystemic play therapy can be used as an effective intervention in reducing symptoms of attention deficit- hyper activity disorder.