نشریه سیره پژوهی اهل بیت
پیاپی 1 (پاییز و زمستان 1394)

issues related to them, although the most influential people in the events of this period have been the Qur›an chanters. The present paper has focused on the amount of influence that the influential people namely the Qur›an chanters had exerted to the events of this period, hence, the researcher has highlighted chanter›s role. In the continuation of the discussion, the chanters› position toward Imam himself is categorized either in form of supporting or opposing him. The investigation on the chanters› viewpoint about Imam Ali (A.S) and their standpoint toward his majesty in analyzing some events in the period of Imam›s caliphate and in understanding some figures› behavior would be influential.The chanters of the Qur›an were known to be as religious preachers and Qur›an teachers until Othman›s Caliphate (35-40 Lunar Hijra). The events which took place in the era of his caliphate turned theminto a society to be influential in political events, namely the Kufi, Basri and Egyptian chanters.However, these chanters› contributions to the political events in the period of Imam Ali›s (A.S) Caliphate have been stronger compared to their role in the previous Caliph. According to Imam›s political positions and conduct in the events of this almost five years period, it is firmly proven that the chanters› political role has been among the strongest reasons of Imam›s failure in fulfilling his objectives and plans. To investigate the events of this period, withdrawal from the warsand sparking arbitration between two parties then rising against the caliphate are all among important issues these chanters have played key roles in these events. It seems that the carried out studies have not largely focused on the chanters› roles in Imam Ali›s (A.S) caliphate period events and the other

Humanitarian Right is among the newly-coined terms in today’s world seeking to make a secure and supportive atmosphere for those who suffer from wars which impose great loses on them. Neither do they play a role in the initiation of these warsnor do theytolerate to continue being suffered in such wars.Likewise, such an approach has been existed in Islamic tradition and Alavi conduct. This research is to study the meaning of the termhumanitarian rightand to discover the reason why this term is focused and to present Imam Ali’s (A.S) recommendations, advice, and conduct based on the available original sources hypnotizing that not only does such an approach focus on the suffered rights, but also it targets the dignity and personality of the helpers. Hence, the reasons that Imam has highlighted such a category is of great significance.

Parallel to the advent of Caliphate Institution in the World of Islam, Imamate Institution in Shiite dealt with Sunni sect as itsprimary intellectual and political rival. Regarding the social conditions belonging to each Islamic period history, Shiite believes that the interaction with the rival should be satisfied and formulated. By the establishment of regional and later continental arena of the World of Islam, the Caliphate Institution took some developments based on its existing requirements, and simultaneously, the Imamate Institution took some developments not only to engage in dynamic interaction with Caliphate Institution, but also to guarantee its dynamicity and strength in such an unequal interaction between the majority and minority. Utilizing a library research (descriptive-analytical) method and examining the greatest intrinsic developments in the Islamic Caliphate Institution and Shiite Imamate until the area of Imam Reza (A.S) (183-203 Lunar Hejira), this paper has investigated the logical possibility of Civilized Imamate Institution which has been in constant interaction withthe Caliphate Institution in the era of Imam Reza (A.S). Finally, the realization of civilized Shiite Institution in this era and its internal and external achievements are stated.

Imam Javad (A.S) confronted different opponents and foes in the period of his Imamate adopting various methods. Waqifiyeh Cult was one of these opposing groups. This paper attempts to answer this major question that how had Imam Javad (A.S) confronted his opposing Waqifi groups? Revisiting and investigating the authentic historical texts have supported the hypothesis of this paper directing the researcher to this fact that Imam Javad (A.S) had got into different negative and positive confrontations with Waqifiyeh Cult among which some of his negative confrontations had been violent and heated. The researcher›s objective and significance for writing this paper is in fact to investigate the necessities of such confrontations which is noteworthy to identify the foe and to separate them due to their danger for the religion and sect.

«Hatred toward Ah-al Bayt» is one of the conceptsapplied in Shiite texts containing idiomatic meaning of hostility with Imam Ali (A.S) and the Prophet (P.B.U.H). Such an idiomatic meaning in the jurisprudential Shiite texts is considered to have a conceptual, while other meanings pertaining to it are not clear. This research attempts to present a sound knowledge from the concept «Nasb» meaning «appointment» and «Nasebism» meaning»those who have hatred» in the non-jurisprudential Shiite discourse. By studying the references of such a discourse which are mostly Shiite traditional Hadith texts in the first six centuries, we may show that a common concept form hatred meaning has been meant by Shiite which does not in its specific compliance with jurisprudential discourse. Thus, by separating the references discourse, such a mistake should be avoided, so that the specific jurisprudential decrees are applied in the general term extensions.

The fall of Abassid Caliphate and mastery over Mugols in the Eastern part of the Islamic World caused the Shiite and Sufis get mingled and widespread. The result of such a mixture could be the bilateral relationships between these two. Believing in the Twelve Shiite Imams is one of fairly sharedfeatures among all Sufi sects, so that the Sufis of this period have left abundant traces proving this claim. This research is to echo the effect of the Shiite belief to the Twelve Imams among the Sufi sects and to investigate the background of dissemination of such a belief in Iran in the decades leading to the emergence of the Safavids. The findings of the research report that before the Safavid government establishment, the Iranian faiths to the Twelve Imams had been enormous, spontaneous, and quite arbitrary and free.