نشریه پژوهش های ماهی شناسی کاربردی
سال هفتم شماره 2 (تابستان 1398)

The present study aimed to compare traditional and geometric morphometrics to distinguish populations of Alburnus doriae in some Iranian basins. 132 specimens were collected and photographed. To remove effects of size, the general procrustes analysis was performed. Multivariate analysis of variance and procrustes analysis of variance were performed for traditional and geometric analyses. Both methods detected significant differences among the populations. The McNemar test indicated that these methods discriminated populations similarly.

The recent study carried out to investigate digestive enzymes and blood biochemical parameters in farmed Huso huso juveniles feeding diet containing different levels of Nacl. This experiment includes 4 treatments. The Nacl added in 4 levels of 0, 3, 6 and 9 percent in to the main diet. In this regard 480 species of farmed Huso huso with mean weight of 175g and 5 months old, placed in 12 fiberglass vans having 2000 liter volume for 12 weeks. At the end of experiment, the parameters such as cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, total fat, glucose, osmolarity, chlorine and sodium, also some digestive enzymes like Alkaline phosphatase, protease, lipase and amylase have been investigated. The results showed that in all treatments, digestive enzymes increased significantly compared to control group (P<0.05) and Alkaline phosphatase indicated the highest increase. So as, in control group it was 3280±405µ/kg and increased to 12117.50±1667.50 µ/kg in diet containing 6% Nacl. The results showed that the rate of sodium and chlorine in fish blood serum was significantly higher in treatment 3, compared to control group, but no significant differences observed in other biochemical parameters between treatment and control group. The results of this study indicated that adding Nacl to the diet can improve function of digestive system, fish growth and health.

Abstract
Yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus), an important economical species and popular market fish found in the coastal water of Persian Gulf. In this study, eight microsatellite loci were used, population structure and genetic diversity of this species was studied in six fishing area in the Persian Gulf. Alleles observed in different stations were between 7 to 12 with an average of  9.9 alleles per locus. Those alleles of this species obtained were lower than populations form elsewhere. From 48 locus 21 locus were followed by Hardy Winderberg equilibrium. The observed and expected heterozygosity were 0/77 and 0/88 respectively. The genetic diversity observed in the Dayer population was higher than other areas. Analysis of molecular variance showed that 93 percent of genetic differences in population and 7 percent are genetic differences between populations. Although the global fixation index (Fst) and Rst is low, but significant differences were observed among populations of Dayer, Bushehr and Khore Musa. Based on the genetic distance analysis  and PcA Khore Musa and Dayer populations are distinguishable. High gene flows are existing between populations that may be caused by movement of larvae from the water current. Generally three populations Bushehr, Khore Musa and Dayer could be identified by each other and Bushehr population have two sub-populations Ganaveh and Delaware. This result can be used for genetic management of yellowfin seabream and making cohort culture and also for monitoring of genetic diversity in the future studies. FST and RST values were estimated according to Weir & Cockerham (1984) and Goodman (1997), respectively

The aim of this study was to record growth parameters, mortality and sex ratio of Stellate Sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) from the south basin of the Caspian Sea. 894 specimens were caught by fixed gill net and beach seine during April 2010 to March 2014. Male to female sex ratio was obtained 1:1.05 that was not differed significantly (p>0.05). The minimum and maximum length of the fish specimens ranged from 35 cm to 170 cm (for male) and 105 cm to 214 cm (for female), respectively. Mean (±S.D) total length was calculated 129.67±15.22 cm and 148.02±12.67 cm for male and female, respectively. The maximum frequency of length was 120-130 cm and 140-150 cm for male and female, respectively. The b value of the length-weight relationship for male was 3.074 that showed isometric growth (p>0.05) and for female was 3.209 that showed positive allometric growth (p<0.05). Total mortality (Z), natural mortality (M) and fishing mortality (F) were calculated (0.535, 0.222 and 0.313 year-1) and (0.465, 0.22 and 0.245 year-1) for male and female, respectively. Also exploitation rates (E) were obtained 0.59 and 0.53 for male and female, respectively. Estimated Von Bertalanffy growth parameter values were (L∞ = 187.54 cm, K = 0.15 year-1 and t0 = -0.32 year) and (L∞ = 195.00 cm, K = 0.14 year-1 and t0 = -0.25 year) for male and female, respectively. Also infinity weights (W∞) were estimated 21435 g and 26258 g for male and female, respectively. Tmax values (maximum length) were calculated 20 years and 21.43 years for male and female, respectively. Growth performance index (ϕ) was calculated 3.72 and 3.73 for male and female, respectively. Estimated logistic growth parameter values were (β1 (L∞) = 188.00 cm and β2 (growth-at-hatch) = 5 cm) and (β1 (L∞) = 190.00 cm and β2 (growth-at-hatch) = 5 cm) for male and female respectively. Based on the results, Acipenser stellatus stocks have unfavorable conditions in the south basin of the Caspian Sea, and the management measures are necessary to preserve and restore the remaining stocks of this species in the ecosystem.

The zinc element (Zn) is one of the micronutrients and an essential element of the body which has some deleterious and irreparable effects on growth in case of lack it. Thus, we aimed to assess IGF-1 in goldfish with Zn deficiency and to investigate the effect of Zn supplementation on these parameters. Goldfish  (Carassius auratus)  juvenile  (3.5 g)  were fed purified diets based on casein as a protein source and containing different levels of supplementary zinc sulfate (0, 25, 75 and 150 mg ZnSO4/kg diet) for 60 days. The results showed that fish fed with a diet supplemented with 150 mg kg-1 Zn had a significantly (P < 0.05) greater specific growth rate and lower feed conversion ratio than those fed with the diets of 0, 25 and 75 mg kg-1 ZnSO4. The results revealed that administration of zinc sulfate significantly (P < 0.05) up regulated Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) gene expression. IGF-1 gene expression was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in zinc sulfate fed fish at the end of trial. Collectively, our results indicate that ZnSO4 stimulates Insulin-like growth factor-1 secretion from the liver at the post-transcriptional level.

The aim of this study was evaluate the behavioral responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to changes in temperature and ammonia. For this purpose were placed separately 8 rainbow trout (average weight of 6±2g, length 5±2 cm) in the treatment and control groups with four replicates in five-liter tanks (cross-sections 7 cm, height 4 cm) Each the tanks have a water inlet and outlet. The testing process was divided into three periods the first period was the increase in temperature and ammonia in treatment (first period). Second period includes a fixed value of temperature and ammonia at the highest level of interest in the treatments (middle period). The third period (period end) involves reducing the temperature and ammonia to the initial value at the start of the experiment. Swimming pattern includes six characteristic average swimming speeds, total movement, move summarily, percent move, the average angular change in movement, average distance from center. Results showed that there was a significant difference between pattern of fish swimming in temperature and ammonia treatment compared with the control group (p<0/05). Also, there was a significant difference between treatment swimming patterns, in test first periods compared to the test end periods (p<0/05). The results of this study showed that the pattern of fish swimming in the face of environmental stresses will not only changed, but also has certain patterns. However, this study showed that more reviews behavioral patterns of fish, the effectiveness for monitoring environmental stresses.

In the present study helminthic parasite of abdominal cavity in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) has been studied. In this regard, 72 fish were caught from the southeastern part of the Caspian Sea and transferred to the lab. According to the parasitological study, 4 species of helminthic parasites including Caryophyllus fimbriceps, Asymphyllodora tinca, Boteriocephallos acheillognathi and Anisakis simplex were isolated from the abdominal cavity of studied fish. Result showed Asymphyllodora tinca was isolated from 47.22 percent of sample`s intestines, this parasite has highest prevalence in this study.  2.78 percent of studied fish were infected with Anisakis simplex which has lowest parasite prevalence in studied fish. Intensity of infection to Caryophyllus fimbriceps, Asymphyllodora tinca, Anisakis simplex and Boteriocephallos acheillognath calculated as 16.5 ± 8.76, 9.76 ± 1.02, 5 ± 1.8 and 1 ± 0.17 respectively. In the present study 69.44 percent of fish were infected at least with one kind of parasite. Based on data analysis, there was no significant differences in parasite prevalence and parasite intensity between male and female of studied common carp (P>0.05).

This study investigated the effects of replacement of fish oil with dietary sesame oil (SO) on growth performance and fillet composition of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) juvenile with initial mean body weight 52.54 ± 2.03 . Triplicate groups of 30 fish each held under identical culture conditions were fed twice daily by iso-nitrogenous, iso-calorific and iso-lipidic diets for 8 weeks. Experimental diets consisted of 36.96% protein and 18.52% lipid from fish oil (T1) 75% fish oil with 25% sesame oil(T2), 50% fish oil with 50% sesame oil (T3),  25% fish oil with 75% sesame oil (T4) ) and sesame oil (T5). Dietary sesame oil had no significant effect on growth rate or feed conversion ratio but the group was fed 100 % sesame oil had lower final body weight compare with others. SGR had been effect by oil source in diet and this index was decreased by increasing of sesame oil in diets. The VSI and HSI were changed by changing of diets and VSI was significantly higher in fish fed sesame oil only. The condition factor of fish reared on T5 was significantly higher than other groups. These treatments were affected on body composition, The carcass lipid content was lower in fish fed sesame oil. In contrast, protein content in carcass was higher in fish fed sesame oil. no significant differences were observed between dietary treatments for ash content in carcass of rainbow trout. The present results indicate that rainbow trout juvenile can be reared on diets in which FO has been replaced with SO, with no significant effects on fish performance.

In this study, 360 rainbow trout fingerlings with an average body weight of 10.93 ± 0.2 g were divided into 3 group of BV (8, 12 and 16 μg of bee venom powder) and a control group (commercial diet free of honey bee venom) with three respective replicates. After one week adaptation with experimental conditions, the fish were fed with experimental diets for 60 days. Results showed that final length, final weight, specific growth rate, percentage of body weight gain, body weight gain, condition factor and feed conversion ratio significantly improved in comparison with control group without any dietary venoum supplementation (p> 0.05). Furthermore, the results of this study showed that the highest values of final length (17.76 ± 0.09), final weight (78.05 ± 0.005), specific growth rate (3.30 ± 0.05), percentage of body weight gain (86.11 ± 0.6), body weight gain (67.12 ± 0.8), condition factor (1.39 ± 0.02) and the lowest feed conversion ratio (0.54 ± 0.009)  belonged to group received 16 μg/kg feed bee venom powder. Accordingly, Incorporating honey bee venom in commercial diet at the experimental levels significantly improved the growth indices of rainbow trout fingerlings.

Unique biological characteristics of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niluticus), including high fecundity, maturation at young ages, well-adapted to environmental conditions, and high resistance again stresses and pathogens, make it a good candidate for aquaculture. However, its potential ecological risks are the major challenges for the decision makers. This study was aimed to study on the feasibility of Nile tilapia in Markazi province. Data on meteorology, water resources, species, and protected areas were collected as well as optimum ranges for environmental parameters which Nile tilapia depend on. Results showed some meteorological parameters including air temperature, the number of frost days, and not being connected to water resources were important for site selection. Zarandieh was the best area for Nile tilapia farming due to optimum water temperature and not connected to water resources. Saveh also will be suggested if the environmental criteria are considered completely. It seems the best way to farm Nile tilapia is closed culture system. Details on the suitable commercial diet need to be investigated to develop the Nile tilapia farming in Markazi Province.