فصلنامه مشرق موعود
پیاپی 50 (تابستان 1398)

The belief in the Twelve Imams and the monopoly of the number of the Imams in 12 people is one of definite principles of the Shi'a school, which has been spoken in numerous narrations as well as by Shi’a scholars. This issue has been questioned, despite its clearness, by some of contemporary diversionary trends, and it has made necessary to re-read it . In this article, there have eight categories of narrations been surveyed that refer to the monopoly of the Imams in 12 people. In addition to indicating the mentioned monopoly, this collection of narrations also indicate that since the Prophet Mohammad demising to the Day of Judgment, at least one of these 12 imams has constantly been present on the planet.

Hastily Advent is one of the challenges concerning to the long Age of Absence in which some people seek hurriedly the fulfillment of Promised Imam rule without attention to supplying the backgrounds ,prolegomena and preconditions, and thereby demolish themselves.
This research to analyze this challenge examined its roots in the narrations, and then analyzed the true method of trying to fulfill promised and infallible Imam rule according to narrations.
The proper way of realizing the innocent Imam government is achieved, by providing its backgrounds, through the attention to the final and perfect step of the faith community and not by the challenges of timing, calling for a rush to Advent and default in it, but by implementing five stages of reviving the mission in the light of Waiting.

In this paper, timing for the Advent has been studied from two perspectives:One is that the Advent, as a social matter is a time phenomenon , whether it is a definite time or an indefinite and variable one; Another perspective refers to understanding the Advent time and, secondly, can the time of Appearance be achieved? Objectively , the answer to this question is positive, and subjectively, through the analytical and library method, the traditions in this field were first searched, twenty-one narrations were extracted and classified into five categories.
The result, according to the narrations was that, firstly, understanding the exact time of Advent is impossible, secondly, timing for the Advent, true or false, is not prohibited in itself; but its prohibition is due to attributing lies to the Ahlul-Bayt for personal interests.In the end, two questions about Gate narrations have also been addressed according to which the impossibility of achieving the time of Advent is due to the general scheme of Allah Almighty and the appointing a time by Ahlul-Bayt also refers to the past times, moreover, there is no information about their tone in this regard.

Timing for the emergence can be studied from different perspectives; but in this paper it has been studied from Jurisprudential perspective., I.e we stated that setting the time for appearance of Imam of the time according to Islamic Jurisprudence is permissible or forbidden.
In this paper two problems has been surveyed : the subject of timing and the determination of timing. About subject, the author stated that timing by faulty man is divided into two kinds: direct and indirect (narration from the Faultless) timing. In second problem he stated determination of the two kind.
The method in this research is to collect and categorize the narrations related to timing and analysis and review them with the jurisprudential method to examine the document, denote and resolve the contradiction.
Research achievement.in principle, direct timing(from the Faulty man) is permissible. , I.e, If you mean by timing, timing by a liar narrator, so that reason for timing is carnal inclinations, it is not permissible , otherwise it is permissible .The meaning of narrations like” کذب الوقاتون ‘’(Those who set the time are liars) is being ineffective.
Indirect timing is not permissible: because reasons for permission are defective. Among five groups of narrations which indicate Impermissibility of timing, indication of first two groups is perfective. The most important reason is the right narration” من اخبرک عنا توقیتا فلاتهابن ان تکذبه فإنا لانوقت لاحد ‘’(If someone narrates for you timing of us, ,refute him/her immediately, because we never set the time for somebody). The meaning of the narration is that every narrator of timing is liar

The search in the Sources and chains of Imamiyah expresses that the Imāmī scholars have identified a considerable part of the traditions of occultations from the Waqifites narrators and their books. Sect's Waqifites narrated some of the narratives according to their religion, meaning, distortion or distortion. Therefore, some of the traditions that have entered into the Imamite's narrative through the Waqifites, when confronted with other narratives, create contradictions. This article tries to study the chain and textual content in the traditions of the occultation through the historical method and through examination of the document and the text of narratives. In this study, the contradiction of some of the traditions of absenteeism is explained, and unwarranted interpretations of narratives are prevented.

Disappointment is one of the most important challenges in the occultation era. Imams (AS) predicted this challenge -that arises at the time of Imam Mahdi's occultation- and warned believers about despair.
This article, by descriptive-analytic method, firstly examines the elements of disappointment, its infected persons and the consequences of this issue in the Qur'an and Hadiths, and then explains the strategies for preventing and treating it in detail

Two courses of traditional Shariah and civilization rationalists can be considered in the typology of Shiite clergy in the terms of religion and religious epistemology. In the term of religious epistemology, traditional Shariah course suffers from numerous damages and challenges compared to civilization rationalist course, despite of its advantages. Among the main damages of this course, one can refer to fanaticism about the appearances of verses and narrations and declining the position of wisdom and epistemological value. The challenge is more serious in Mahdaviiat issue in the terms of methodology and epistemology as well as practical dimension and sociology and Mahdi-related studies of so called course with the claim of commitment to believing on Mahdi will face a major problem. The most important reason for believers of this course in the time of absence is some narrations about no resurrection during the period of absence. Lack of providing a specific and practical model for the presence of social orders of religion during absence period, Inaction against modernism and Western civilization, lack of anticipation and conservatism against opposing courses of religion and religious values are its most important damages in the term of accepting narratives of prohibiting the resurrection during absence period. In contrast, civilization rationalist course enjoys from an operational map for social rules of religion during absence period, reaction against the Western civilization and anticipation and programming for the modern Islamic civilization in order to provide the condition of Mahdi’s appearing.
The purpose of present study was to pathology of traditional Shariah course in relation to this type of narratives, which the results denied this model of studying Mahdi and proved the civilization rationalist course. The methodology was descriptive explanatory with a critical analysis approach.

The issue of awaiting [the reappearance of Imam Mahdi] as one of the genuine Islamic teachings have totally reflected in Shi’ī thought. However, it is endangered by cultural and social harms. One of these harms is to overcome one of the two factors of reason and emotion in this regard; an emotional approach to the issue of Mahdaviiat and awaiting leads to not only the neglect of the depth of this original doctrine but also the distortion of the fact of awaiting [the reappearance of Imam Mahdi]. Studies on Mahdaviiat, observation of related films and programs, celebrations and religious festivals in the month of Sha‘ban [in the birthday of Imam Mahdi] and dozens of conferences and meetings have been implemented. This indicates that some attempts have been made to increase the level of knowledge of people as well as it is exactly the main concern of the administrators of such programs. However, it seems that their endeavors have not been accomplished as much as they must do. Thus, the knowledge gap in this field is still felt. In this paper, we focus on the damages in this field by examining the mutual role of reason and feeling in understanding, describing, analyzing, propagating and eventually adhering to this doctrine. These kinds of perspectives in the signs of reappearance [of Imam Mahdi], on the accountability of people in society who await [Imam Mahdi], and their actions in relation regarding the presence of the Imam of the Ages. The overcoming of emotions and lack of attention to the mutual attitude of reason and feeling have provided many of the distortions, misunderstandings and inappropriate actions in religious society that this article is responsible for describing some of them.

Mahdaviat is one of the most well-known and valid teachings in Islam. Belief in the birth of Imam Mahdi as the 12th Imam is one of the most basic Shiite beliefs. Among issues related to Imam Mahdi birth, the Identity of his mother is of particular importance. One of the documents expressing this subject is Imam Hadi's hadith about the Riser Imam’s mother. This hadith is mentioned in the three most important Shiite books. The study, surveying the validity of these three books and their documents, shows that among these three books, two books of Kamal al-Din of Sheikh Saduqh and Absenteeism of Sheikh Tusi are valid. But the validity of Dala'il al-Imama of Tabari is not provable. Among these two authentic books, the narrative document of Kamal al-Din is not valid, but the Sheikh Tusi's Absenteeism is true and valid. Therefore, it can be said that the hadith of Imam Hadi, who expresses the Imam's mother nationality as a Roman and her captivity , has come to us in a valid script and it is a real event

It is clear that the advent of the Imam Zaman (pbuh) is not merely the emergence of a leader, but the emergence of the perfection of moral values among the waiting community. In other words, the emergence of the Imam Zaman (pbuh) have dimensions; most importantly, the emergence of understanding and wisdom among the waiting community. This important necessitates the reappearance Imam Mahdi (pbuh) and establishment of the justice’s government of him, because reappearance means the emergence of understanding and wisdom, i.e., the understanding of the behavioral logic of Imam Mahdi (pbuh) by followers. It is noticeable that the wisdom of Allah about the Imam sovereignty, is subject to the "trying of the waiting community for the promotion of the average level of social consciousness"; in this way, with the formation of the righteous community, there will be a situation in which democracy will result in the Sovereignty to the Imam (pbuh).
This research responds to questions about the factors influencing the establishment of a state based on justice by Imam Zaman (pbuh) "and the conditions necessary for its preservation and stability". In the meantime, it emphasize the stability of the Imam's method and the lack of difference between the path of the Imams (pbuh) that If in the past, conditions have been provided that would lead to the Prophet's (pbuh) endeavor to establish a justice, in the same conditions, the same will be the behavior of the Imams.
The existence of explicit implications in the word and method of the Imams (pbuh) indicates the necessity of the existence of assistants and companionship in order to establish a justice-based system, Conscious and affectionate companions who have the merit of companionship with Imam. Therefore, the silence of Imam Ali (pbuh) and his uprising for the implementation of justice, the peace of Imam Hassan (pbuh) and the uprising of Imam Hossein (pbuh) and the method of other Imams (pbuh), all based on a single logic, That the consciousness of the followers is a necessary condition for the establishment and stability of the Imam's (pbuh) rule of justice. In this regard, the central role of the religious scholars as special followers of the Imam (pbuh) is significant in promoting the level of social maturity and consciousness of the community.

The main purpose of this paper is to study the thought of Mahdaviiat in Safavid era with particular attention to the position of this thought in the capacity and process of civilization of that time. The significance of this issue arises from the fact that with the advent of the Safavid era and the formalization of the Shiite religion in Iran, the discussion of Mahdaviiat as the main pillar of Shi'a, entered to a new stage with the wisdom of the administration of the state, which had obvious differences with the preceding steps. The thought of Mahdaviiat in various dimensions, such as the theory of the connection between the Safavid government and government of Imam-e-Zaman (Imam Mahdi) (A), Representation of Imam-e-Zaman (A), the culture of waiting for the Savior, etc., has caused fundamental changes in the cultural and social history of Iran, which has continued to this day. This research intends to examine "the evolution of the social and cultural developments of the Shiite government of Safavid, with emphasis on the Mahdaviiat in the perspective of the civilization life of society as the foundation and infrastructure for later periods" based on "the Max Weber theoretical model and descriptive-analytical method, considering the necessity of applying sociological approaches in the analysis of historical phenomena and based on library resources". The results show that the Shiite culture can play a significant role in the process of

The expectation of savior is a common concept in the doctrines of religions, especially the divine religions, which, while enjoying authenticity in the Bible, they have also reflected on their beliefs and practices in their followers. In the Christian tradition, as one of the Abrahamic religions, the return of the promised Savior is a Biblical and evangelical conception and the foundation of an epistemological theology that Jesus Christ is centered on, and its reflection in the place of theology and Christian morality is quite evident; that one The Christian waits to approach Jesus and make himself look like him, so that he will be his companion after the ultimate judgment in the divine kingdom, the king is the eternal ethos of the Christian believers. This article seeks to refer to the classic and authentic texts in the tradition of Catholic Christianity as the main branch of Christianity, reflecting the reflection of this belief in the beliefs and beliefs of Catholics, and, by referring directly to the authoritative sources available to them, scientific literature To apply in the comparative and inter-nationalist debates and to establish an unambiguous pathway for dialogue between adherents of religions.

 Power has different levels and soft power is one of its variants . Soft power is an ability to change the preferences of others and bring them along with ourselves without resorting to hard power tools.The main question of the article is that in the global revolution of Imam Mahdi(aj) which will be formed for the establishment of universal justice and the flourishing of human life, what is the position of soft power and which one of its components will be considered in this global movement?
The theoretical framework of the research is also the theory or discourse of soft power. In this research, a descriptive-analytical method was used to study religious teachings and after studying religious teachings, it was determined that psychological, social, cultural, scientific and political components of soft power would be considered in this global movement.

At the beginning of the surah al-Esra, there is talk of two great corruption, great Domination, and two defeat of Israel's Children in the aftermath of any crime. To determine the most prominent historical implications of these concepts, the present study, by analytical-comparative study, based on the Muslim interpretation sources (of the Shia and Sunni), concluded that: The first example of the Israeli corruption in these cases is the Jewish conspiracy in Islam. The first Failing of the Children of Israel was also in the victory of the conquest of Jerusalem by the followers of Imam Ali (AS), when the confrontation of the Muslims with the puppet jew of the Romans, drove them to ignomny.
Their great Domination is the political organization of contemporary time and the creation of an Israeli usurper goverment.Second Corruption : It also relates to the this time that Israel has dominated a large part of the world and has been dealing with corruption in various aspects, but the ultimate Failing of Israel based on the divine promise will come to the hands of Mahdi's followers before his appearance, or in the hands of the Imam Mahdi himself, will be in the time after his appearance. The continous expressions of this hypothesis are as follows: Implications of the words (Ebadan Lana) and (Liadkhluwa al-Masjid) as the first part of the verse. The discrete discourse to prove this hypothesis include: the virtues of the recite of Sura al-Esra, and the narratives of matching. These are of the proofs that prove Surah's relationship with Imam Mahdi (AS)

Civilization is the basis for the  Advent of civilization, which provides preconditions, causes and causes of emergence. Truth, honesty, justice and a sinister society are the fields of pre-emergence. The development of this field requires the interference of the economic, social and cultural organizations of the people, and the positive interactions between the official cultural and security organizations, such as the police, which have been defined for crime prevention purposes. .

The present research method is quantitative and in terms of its applications, and in terms of its nature, it is a correlation study. The statistical population of the present study is the qualitative section of the total number of eighteen professors of the university with a degree in cultural and security fields whose number has reached 18 theoretical saturation, and in the small part there are 175 employees Police hold a bachelor's degree in social sciences, Islamic law, jurisprudence and law in the province of Tehran with a minimum of five years of executive work. The research instrument is a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the tool was calculated by Cronbach's alpha and its value was 83 /. And its validity has been verified by formal validity. Data were analyzed by means of statistical tests such as Spearman correlation and single sample t in the spss software package.

The results of the research showed that in the sample society, given that the duty of the police is prevention of crime, and now most theorists have the means of preventing crime, eliminating the underlying causes and Cultural actions are more effective than civic actions, the police can help realize the components of insight, orientation and action that are emerging as a basis for the emerging factors. The result is that the police should develop their preventive remedies.