مجله مطالعات علوم پزشکی
سال سی‌ام شماره 4 (تیر 1398)

Aging is associated with gradual erosive changes in the physiological function of many systems of the body. Ths study aimed to examine the physical functioning and limitation and its related factors in people aged 50 and older in Bukan, 2017. In this cross-sectional study 1201 elderly people aged 50 years and up were recruited from health recentres in Bukan city using stratified random sampling. Study information were collected by trained interviewers including demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, fall history, visual and hearing status, comorbidities, BMI, physical activity (PASE), social support (DUKE), cognitive function (MMSE) and depression (CES-D-10) as well as physical functioning which was assessed by TUG test and and mobility limitation which was assessed using a 10 items questionnaire (MOS-PA). To analyze the data, we used various testes including analysis of variance, linear regression and logistic regression models. The mean of the physical functioning was 10.7 ± 3.53 seconds, and 14.2% of study participants had a severe physical limitation. The results showed that BMI, physical activity, fear of fall, economic and job status were significantly associated with physical function (respectively, β= 1.638-1.495- 0.3- 0.014- 0.148). Also, age, sex, cognitive function, depression, social support, visual status had a significant correlation with physical limitation (respectively OR=0.631- 0.929- 0357- 0.922- 0.415- 1.048). The results of this study indicate that psychological and socio-demographic factors are predictors of physical functioning and limitation in older adults. Therefore, it seems that improving the determinants factors, due to the better life and health in older adults.

Angiogenesis is an active reaction. In this study, the extract of Rapeseed Flower Pollen with different antioxidant properties was used to prepare the Bio-green Silver nanoparticle and then its anti -angiogenic effects of was evaluated. The Bio-green synthesized nanoparticles that were synthesized by the plant extract have the potential to be used as a reducing agent for metal ions to metal molecules present in the composition. Today, green nanoparticles are used extensively due to biological properties such as antioxidant properties, angiogenesis inhibitors, and cancer control. In this test-tube lab research, silver nanoparticles made from rapeseed pollen were used to investigate anti-angiogenic effects using a CAM assay. For this purpose, 60 eggs (Ross) were purchased and randomly assigned into 6 groups (n=10): a control group, a laboratory control, and four treatment groups (25, 50, 100, 200µg/ml). On the second day, the incubation window was made and on the eighth day, samples were treated with different concentrations of nanoparticles. On the twelfth day, the photographs were taken from the samples, then the number and the length of the vessels were evaluated using Imag J software and the height and weight of the embryos were measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and ANOVA test and P <0.05 was considered significant. The MTT assay was used to evaluate the toxicity of this nanoparticle against liver cancer (HT-29) and (HepG2) and normal cell (Huvec). The results of this experiment showed that the nanoparticle are significantly capable of decreasing the length and the number of blood vessels at concentrations of 100 and 200 μg / ml (p≤0.05). They are also able to reduce the length and the weight of the treated embryos in comparison to the control group. The results showed that the silver nanoparticles can significantly inhibit liver cancer cell (HT-29) and HepG2 (IC50: 0.15 µg/ml) in very low concentrations (IC50:6 µg/ml) but does not have an inhibitory effect in similar concentration on normal cells (Huvec) (IC50: 0.6 µg/ml) (p ≤ 0.001). The results showed that the synthesized nanoparticle from rapeseed pollen has an inhibitory effect on the rate of angiogenesis which makes this nanoparticle a suitable candidate for cancer treatment. It does not have toxic effects in similar concentrations on Huvec cells, but it is also able to inhibit the HT-29 and HepG2 cells in a low concentration.

Birth weight is an important indicator of child health that affects various aspects of physical and cognitive development. This study aimed to compare the anthropometric indicators, IQ, and motor development in preschool children with and without low birth weight. The type of this research is comparative.The population consisted of preschool children in Marivan city. Among kindergartens in Marivan city, 37 children with natural birth weight (above 2500 g) and 37 children with low birth weight (below 2500 g) were selected purposefully. In two groups, children with low birth weight and children with normal birth weight were included. To evaluate the development of gross and fine motor skills, the short version of the Bruininks-Oseretsky test of motor proficiency was used and also the Wechsler-4 Intelligence Scale was used to measure the IQ of participants. Meter and balance tools were utilized to measure anthropometric indices. The data were analyzed using independent t-test, multivariate analysis of variance, and one way ANOVA in MANOVA text (significance level of 0/0001). The results showed significant differences in anthropometric, IQ, coarse and delicate skills between two groups. Children with normal birth weight showed higher performance in these indices. The results showed significant differences in anthropometric indicators, IQ, and motor development among preschool children with and without low birth weight there.

Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) as an adipokine is involved in regulating insulin function and glucose metabolism. Serum levels of RBP4 have been identified as one of the most effective factors in impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes. Studies have shown that exercise improves metabolic syndrome and hepatotoxicity. But the effects of Aqua training on liver Enzymes in diabetic patients are still unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Aqua training on RBP4, insulin resistance, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzymes in women with type 2 diabetes.   Forty-four women with type 2 diabetes (57.83± 0.42 years) were selected through available sampling and divided into two groups of control and training. The training group performed the exercise in the water at 60-75% of maximum heart rate for 12 weeks (three sessions per week, 60 minutes each session). Data were analyzed with dependent and independent t-test at the significant level of p≤0.05. The results show that 12 weeks of Aqua training significantly reduced RBP4, insulin resistance, and AST and ALT, and improved lipid profiles (p ≤0.05). Also, the result of Independent t-test showed that there is a significant difference between training groups with control in variables of RBP4, insulin resistance, liver enzymes and lipid profiles (p ≤0.05). Based on the results of the present study, the Aqua training decrease RBP4, that it is associated with improved insulin resistance. Also 12 weeks of Aqua training has an insulin-like effect on diabetic women with changes in liver and metabolic enzymes.

Physical activity by modulating angiogenesis in adipose tissue, effects on the entire body metabolic profile. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of moderate intensity continuous training on VEGF, PEDF and PAI-1 of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in obese rats. 15 male Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups of high fat diet (n= 10) and rat fed with standard food (n=5). After 12 weeks, the high-fat diet group again divided into 2 MICT and control high-fat diet groups. The training program was performed for 12 weeks, 5 sessions per week, with a speed of 60-50% of maximum speed. VEGF, PEDF and PAI-1 levels of subcutaneous and visceral fat were measured by ELISA method. Data were analyzed by independent t-test and one-way ANOVA (P≤0.05). 12 weeks of high-fat diet significantly increased and 12 weeks of MICT significantly decreased the weight of the rats. The levels of subcutaneous and visceral fat VEGF in the MICT group were significantly higher than the control high-fat diet group (P= 0.008). PEDF values of subcutaneous fat (P= 0.001) and PAI-1 values of visceral fat (P= 0.002) in the MICT group were significantly lower than the control high-fat diet group. Moderate-intensity continuous training improves the angiogenesis disorders due to adipose tissue hypertrophy; especially visceral adipose tissue that secretes inflammatory factors. This action has a significant role in controlling the metabolic disorder of obesity.

Free radicals are one of the causes of cancer. In case of the disease, some cells of the body progress to the surrounding tissues and divide without stopping. The use of natural antioxidants plays a positive role in maintaining the health. Cancer and the presence of free radicals in the body motivated researchers to study substances that may eliminate them. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity and antioxidant effect of Carum Carvi essential oil nanomulsion. In this study, antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH and ABTS in different concentrations of nanoemulsion (200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 μg/ml). Also, cytotoxicity was investigated by MTT method on breast cancer cells (TUBO) and normal cells (L929) at different concentrations of nanoemulsion. The results of the antioxidant, DPPH and ABTS tests with IC50 indicated the antioxidant properties of Carum Carvi essential oil nanoemulsion. The IC50 showed anticancer activity of the nanoemulsion, however low concentration of nanoemulsion has no significant effect on normal cells. The results suggested that Carum Carvi essential oil nanoemulsion has the ability to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells and also inhibit free radicals.

Gastrointestinal diseases are common clinical conditions and due to the fact that in a significant number of endoscopic cases, the only finding is mucosal erythema,, this study was performed to evaluate the histopathological findings of gastrointestinal diseases with only mucosal erythema. In this analytical-descriptive and retrospective study, all gastrointestinal pathology reports of endoscopy samples with only mucosal erythema in endoscopy were studied in pathology department of Urmia Imam Khomeini Hospital during March 2016 to March 2017. The histopathological type of lesions were categorized in two major groups (neoplastic and non neoplastic) according to the anatomical site (esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine), age, and gender. Among the 4345 gastrointestinal endoscopic samples, 1072 cases, with endoscopic finding of only erythema were studied. The mean age of the subjects was 44.8 ± 16.02 years. The frequency of neoplastic lesions was 0% and of non-neoplastic lesions, 100%. The frequency of non-neoplastic lesions according to the anatomical site was 53.45% for large intestine, 23.9% for small intestine, 19.12% for stomach, and 3.5% for esophagus. In the esophagus, stomach, small, and large intestine, the most common lesions were chronic inflammation (44.7%, mostly in women), chronic gastritis without H. pylori (58%, mostly in men), non-specific change (80.5% frequently in women), and nonspecific change (68.9%, more frequent in men), and the p values were 0.45, 0.67, 0.55, and 0.1, respectively. Erythema is a very common finding in endoscopy and due to its association with non-neoplastic, precancerous lesions such as GERD, H. pylori infection and ulcerative colitis, it is recommended to take biopsy from all patients with erythema in endoscopy to detect and diagnose any probable precancerous lesions.

Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of disability and death around the world. The results of various studies have shown that prevention is the most effective way to reduce stroke burden. Therefore, the present study was conducted with aim of evaluating the frequency of risk factors involved in ischemic stroke and its relationship with the involvement site and duration of hospitalization in the patients diagnosed with stroke in the Internal Neurology Ward of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia. In a descriptive study, 270 patients who had been diagnosed with ischemic stroke in Imam Khomeini Hospital of Urmia hospital were evaluated. A questionnaire was developed in which the patients' medical records and risk factors for ischemic stroke were recorded. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS19 software. 45.2% of the patients were male and 54.8% were female. The mean age of them was 67.07 years. 73% of patients had hypertension during hospitalization, 72.6% had history of hypertension, 45% had diabetes history, 43% had history of dyslipidemia, 40.9% were smokers, 18.3% had history of stroke, 18% had a history of using ocp, 29% had a history of heart disease and 10% had a family history. In terms of involvement site, 83.3% were in the anterior blood flow and 16.7% were in the posterior blood flow. The mean duration of hospitalization was 9.4 days. The mean lipid profile of patients was obtained as T. chol: 173, HDI: 39, LDI: 96, and Tg: 140. Hypertension during hospitalization, history of hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and history of dyslipidemia are among the major risk factors for ischemic stroke. There is no relationship between the mentioned risk factors and involvement site. In addition, the history of dyslipidemia, hypertension during hospitalization and the use of ocp increase the duration of hospitalization.

A bird's-eye view to Urmia Medical Journal, 2016-2019: an update