نشریه تغییرات اجتماعی - فرهنگی
سال چهاردهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 52، بهار 1396)

This research was aimed to explain the sociological active aging with emphasizing the capital in Esfahan. The present research in terms of controlling research conditions was a survey and in terms of aim was a practical type of cross-sectional study. The population was all elderly over 60 years in Esfahan in 2015. The sample was selected by using a sample of 384 people selected by a quota sampling method with focusing the gender, residential area and livelihood status. To validate validity and establish the reliability, the construct validity and the Cronbach's alpha were used. In order to analyze the data, the descriptive and inferential statistics were used by utilizing SPSS and Amos Software. Results of Pearson correlation coefficient indicated that there was a statistical meaningful relationship between cultural capital and active aging. Regarding the  background variables (sex, age, marriage position, housing), the mean active aging is not different, but in terms of education, it indicated different among various groups. The results of structural equation modeling indicated that the most comparative indices of model were higher than 0.90, saying; the model was away from an independence and proximity to a saturated model based on the defined criteria for them .Therefore, basic attention to increase the cultural, in society was essential, especially among the elderly to achieve active enjoyment of aging along with maximizing the health, safety and participation of elderly.

According to the studies, the oppression feeling and its continuity after the 1979 revolution eexacerbated in the bborderline and deprived Ilam province and became a social issue. This article reviews the sociological study of this social problem. The method used in this research is survey tool, the data collection tool is a questionnaire, and a statistical population is all people over 18 years of age that living in urban centers in the cities of Ilam province. The sample size of 460 people has been set. After collecting the data and analyzing them by using the software SPSS, all the research hypotheses were confirmed and their impact on the social problem was explained. The findings show that the elements and components of livelihoods with a beta coefficient of 0.333; managerial and political elements and elements with beta coefficient of 0.279 and cultural elements and components with a beta coefficient of 0.185 have the highest impact level. And demographic and ethnic elements and components with of 0.085 beta coefficients and Geographical Elements and components with beta coefficient of 035.0 have the least effect on the persistence of oppression feeling in Ilam province.

Nowadays, visiual confusion and disharmonies is clearly visible in the face of Iran,s cities. Ahvaz, despite a long history, richoil resources, beautiful nature and development and flow of Karun River through the city is suffering from visual problems and disharmonies. In this study, we benifited from the views of experts such as Kevin Lynch, David Harvey, Jan Gehl as well as symbolic interaction theory and semiotics and urban landmarks in particular. Also in this study we tried to show some of the visual confusions using quantitative and qualitative research and applying the experts views in urban field to take some steps, although little, to get out of this problem. The population of this study were the people over 15 years in Ahvaz . in terms of quantitative, we used the questionnaire and in terms of qualitative,we interviewed some elites and well- informed in area. Then the software spss analysed the qualitative data and finally, after analyzing the data, we concluded that there is a significant relationship between visual disharmony and social behavior. Besides, the elite and well- informed also endorsed the point in which it was discussed in conclusions and recommendation chapter.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of demographic transition in Tehran, which is a functional, descriptive nature and the method of collecting data from the field. The study of 384 married women in Tehran is using simple random sampling. To evaluate reliability, validity of methods used, and to assess its reliability using Cronbach's alpha values for all variables (both independent and interdependent) has been accepted. The results showed it is important that Signs of arrival in Second Demographic Transition with a high level of The desire to divorce and reduction in the compulsory marriage and Low levels of other variables because of the no change in the family structure in the country seems logical. It must be said in view of the rapid changes in society, the other aspects of the demographic transition, such as Increased sexual relationship outside of marriage and abortion, childless tend to be definitive and official statistics are not available, Is not far-fetched that it would need to continue research and statistics are unofficial observations. Therefore, it can be suggested with respect to this research, in Tehran, Researchers to investigate this phenomenon in other cities More detailed observations were recorded until a more clear vision of the country's population changes and The country's strategic planning.

This paper aims to provide a model to identify and evaluate effective on television advertising in the community. The main issue is how this research can be presented a comprehensive model to measure the effectiveness of television advertising? What are the dimensions of advertising effectiveness? What is the relationship between these dimensions? For this purpose, superior customer credit 384 branches in Tier 1Refah bank as sample using multistage sampling were selected. To measure the effectiveness for promotion of questionnaires were used and the dimensions of fun, content, communication, emotional response to advertising, attitude to advertising, interest in the brand, brand awareness and perception of the brand evaluate and reliability based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient of reliability was examined by exploratory factor analysis. The research is descriptive and correlational. Using structural equation modeling results showed that television advertising makes a significant difference in the attitudes of the audience to advertising  and actually see the ads in the attitude of the audience to promote interest in the brand, brand awareness and brand perception and even tend to buy influence. Finally, based on the results of the conceptual model, the researchers were acceptable proposals.

The main purpose of this research is to reveal the differences of demographics and cultural characteristics in citizenship and avoidance of withdrawal behaviors.Primary problem of research is whether is exist significant differences between demographics characteristics and contingency cultures in citizenship and withdrawal behaviors. The research method is based on a descriptive- Survey research and the statistical populationconsists of Iran public organization. Theoretical and Sequential sampling method is the basis of the choice of research environments. 21 organizations selected as research environments, then according to cochran sample volume method, 1392 questionnaires distributed among the sample members and1234completed questionnaire was collected. This questionnaire containing 38 questions and a questionnaire made by the researcher which is based on Likert Scale. The validity of questionnaire is confirmed by the authorities and the reliability coefficients calculated for organizational culture questionnaire 71%, for citizenship behavior 72%, and for avoidance of withdrawal Behaviors73%. The results of the statistical analysis (obtained from SPSS software) showed that there are significant difference among the demographics characteristics in citizenship behaviors and avoidance of withdrawal behaviors. Also observed, citizenship behaviors and avoidance of withdrawal behaviors has not equal importance in contingency cultures, and there are a significant relationship among the citizenship behaviors and avoidance of withdrawal behaviors.

The aim of this study was to investigate the barriers to research and related factors of School District 2 teachers and provide ways to solve the problem is Sama. Methodology, description of causal comparison. The population studied in this research, all faculty members including professors and faculty tuition Sama School District 2 in 94-93 to 511 people. The sample size using formula Cochran, 219 (197 professors and faculty tuition 22) respectively. The sample survey methods and possible cluster sampling was random. The data collected using a questionnaire consisting of two parts and components barriers demographic study, Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient to help 91/0, respectively, were used. To analyze the data, ANOVA, t-test was used in one group. Results The findings showed that all factors, administrative, managerial, social and economic research, was approved as the obstacles