نشریه مطالعات سیاسی جهان اسلام
پیاپی 29 (بهار 1398)

Among the important factors influencing the position of countries, space, power and identity are the main elements of which are shaping critical geopolitical theory; and in the new era, different countries and actors use them in different ways. Considering this issue, the purpose of this article is to use these elements in analyzing Turkey’s approach to ISIS. The research method of this paper is descriptive and analytical. In the first phase, the elements of critical geopolitical theory are described, and then the Turkey’s approach to ISIS has been analyzed based on these elements. The findings of this study indicate that the approach of the Turkish government against ISIL during ISIL's rule can be analyzed on the basis of critical geopolitical elements. The findings of this study indicate that according to the elements of critical geopolitical theory, the Turkish state, based on the metaphor power, by impalpable support from ISIS, was due to weaken the political and regional status of the regional resistance, especially Iran. In the sphere of metaphor of space, Turkey tried to reduce Federalist tendencies of Kurdish and ultimately in the scope of identity metaphor, alongside alienating and weakening Shiite thinking, gradually to display the identity of Islam that in addition to reproducing the origins of Ottomanism's nostalgia, to make the Islamic and regional identity of the Justice and Development Party more institutionalized.

The purpose of this study is to examine two different areas that show that the West and the Muslim countries of the region are working to introduce themselves in various media by various methods. This article focuses on the way Muslims and the West treat Muslim and Western media. Islamic media in this article focuses on Muslim countries in the Middle East.
This article is being scrutinized by the Frankfurt School, according to which the media outline an image of the world under control by manipulating and directing the minds. Accordingly, this article explains that media act against mutual understanding by publishing messages that create and reinforce negative stereotypes and present misconceptions.
The findings of this study emphasize the two-way hostility between the West and Muslims in the Middle East in the form of media activities. This is based on this question: What has been the effect of Muslims in Western media and the introduction of the West in Islamic media? The findings of this study emphasize that two different sources not only provide two different insights from failure and success, but also significantly points out that in creating a particular criterion, the media express a very different concept of conflict.
The findings of this research is to prove the prevailing hypothesis of this paper, based on the fact that the media of Muslim countries, basically considers the West, especially the United States, as enemy and interpret their efforts in the fulfilment of their strategic interests in Middle East. Western media outline Islam as a threat to the West, and by ignoring the Islamic values, it seeks to overthrow Islamic movements.

After Bin Salman’s bcoming Crown prince, and some corrective policies, it seemed that the Saudi should witness a grow in the process of democratization and political development, together with the US support; but not only has this issue not happened, even the political structure of Saudi Arabia became more and more neopatrimonialist. Therefore, in this paper, the authors' aim was to explain the achievements of the neo-patrimonialist government of Bin Salman and its possible consequences. In this paper, the method is analytical-descriptive. Bin Salman's neo-patrimonialism led to an escalation of the challenge between the nation-state and issues such as the execution and suppression of the Shiites, the isolation of some Sunni scholars and the assassination of some of the emerging civil society elites. Three major internal, regional and international consequences are due to the new policy of Bin Salman. First, the intensification of the activities of non-governmental and civilian organizations in Saudi Arabia, exacerbation of tensions such as peril, assassination, protest and strike, and finally, the emergence of opposition movements like the Al-Karaama movement. At the regional level, the gradual decline of the Gulf Cooperation Council will be the most likely outcome of this issue. Finally, threat and punishment of international opinion and the revision of Western supporters and allies in the absolute support of the newly established government of Bin Salman in Saudi Arabia can be a response to the policies of his Neopotrimonial rule.

The scientific method, A significant role in the effectiveness of the results and validate the findings of their study and research. The nature of research the methodology, is a function of objectives, questions, and the most important the researcher's mind is facing it. Certainly considerable effort on the definition and approach in addressing various issues have taken place; Because the methods, tools to address the issues and achieve the facts and reach a more efficient method would be to review, analyze, understand, and what the nature of the phenomenon of great help. Due to the weaknesses and shortcomings of quantitative methods then qualitative methods and the use of surveys and questionnaires due to their rationalization, in the analysis of the realities of Islamic countries, the methodology of discourse current can be considered as the approach is native, total attitude for reading issues and Cognitive intellectual culture of the world around, including the Islamic world. This method can be used as a model and model for a more meaningful understanding of the realities of the international community. Therefore, in this study, we examined the political identity in the thought of two thinkers of the Islamic world in the same method. The proposed method for part of the Islamic world issues such as Intellectuals, women, development, the freedom, justice, democracy, political parties, national identity, etc is useful. This study presents a method and obtains its validity, a new way to study and deal with the problems of the Islamic world show.

The present paper examines the concept of cyanide in the framing of protest events in Arab countries and seeks to recognize the differences and similarities between anti-transition networks (Prestige and Algiers [and the mainstream] of the CNN and the BBC World) in highlighting and framing the protests of the Egyptian, Libyan, and Bahraini people. To achieve the research objectives, content analysis method was used. The sampling method is a multi-stage probabilistic research that eventually from each network and for each event selects and encodes 48 hours (2 statistical days) and 24 days for all events. The findings show that although the main flow and the anti-flow are very different from each other in terms of prioritization of the issues, the difference between the mainstream and the counter-current flow is essentially due to the difference between the networks. In general, the behavior of anti-circular news networks in general frameworks is largely influenced by mainstream networks, but in specific frameworks it can not be said with certainty about the effect or the lack of effect of the mainstream on the counterpart, but rather combination of factors such as media policies, ownership structure and, with a higher degree of certainty, the approach of the countries of origin of the networks to influence the way of covering the event.

The Islamic world is suffering from various crises in the current situation, and we have not spoken exacerbatedly if the prevailing strategic dominant position of the Islamic world is a destabilizing and inappropriate space in terms of sustainable development indicators. The purpose of this study is to present a model of the geopolitical crises of the Islamic world in the format of internal and international crises on two levels between the countries of the Islamic world and other countries. The research methodology is descriptive-analytic. The required information is collected using a library method and by referring to authoritative sources, books and articles. The main question of the research is which of the actors and at what level are involved in the crises of the Islamic world? The creation of a crisis at various levels throughout the Muslim world, especially in the Middle East and North Africa, has prevented the Islamic states from becoming powerful. Most of the geopolitical crises exist on the surface between the Islamic world countries, and secondly, between the West and the Muslim world. This point reflects the geopolitical interests of many Western countries in the Muslim world, which do not easily ignore this part of their national interests. The results of the research indicate that since the crises of the Islamic world have two internal and external origins and fields, and has spread to different levels and dimensions in this region, unfortunately in the current situation, a clear vision for reducing and resolving conflicts and going towards Islamic unity and coherence does not exist.

The aim of the research is to illustrate the continuity of the transition period after Libyan revolution on February, 2011, which has been turned into political crisis and security challenges. In other words, the aim of the research is to analyze and explain the reasons of continuity of the political crisis and security challenges in Libya after overthrow of Muammar Qaddafi Regime. The methodology of the research is descriptive-explanatory and its scope, geographically, includes North Africa (Libya), and in terms of time, includes 2011-2019. In this sense, the authors consider a set of factors, such as tribal structure of Libya’s society, ideological oppositions among victorious groups, variable of oil, and intervention of external powers in internal affairs of the country, as some of the reasons of the continuity of the crisis and security challenges in post-Qaddafi Libya. Libya’s situation, after overthrow of Muammar Qaddafi, unlike other North African Countries such as Tunisia and Egypt, have been dominated by chaos, civil war and secession. As a result, there can be no imagined clear prospect, at least until near future, for Libya.