نشریه راهبردهای کارآفرینی در کشاورزی
پیاپی 10 (پاییز و زمستان 1397)

Entrepreneurship as the capacity of exploring and exploitation of profitable opportunities is the center of gravity of the work and development in the present era. This study sought to answer the question of why, when, and how some people recognize and exploit opportunities, while others do not have this ability. Accordingly, this survey study was conducted to study the effects of emotional intelligence on rural entrepreneurship. For this purpose, two standardized questionnaires (Bar-on's Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i) and Scarborough and Zimmerer's Entrepreneurship Questionnaire) were used to collect data from 362 rural residents of Gallehdar district, Fars province. After confirming the validity of research tool by experts, to assess its reliability the pilot study was conducted and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was estimated from 0.76 to 0.91. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between emotional intelligence and entrepreneurship among participants. So, people who were better and more able to identify, control and appropriately manage self and others' emotions were more likely shown entrepreneurial tendency in comparison to others. Also, regression analysis revealed that the components of intrapersonal relationships, interpersonal relationships, adaptability and the general mood were able to predict 18.4% of the variance of the rural entrepreneurship.

Entrepreneurship is a source of flexibility, innovation, job creation for the economy, and an interesting opportunity for professional development. In this research, the role of the university in creating entrepreneurship awareness among the students of Isfahan University of Technology has been studied. The statistical population of this study is graduate, postgraduate, and undergraduate students who have completed at least two years of study. The research method was descriptive and analytic and a questionnaire was used. Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by using the Kmo coefficient and Bartlett's test and the reliability of the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used, indicating that the instrument was stable at 91%. Sample size was determined using Cochran formula and stratified sampling method with proportional assignment was used. As a sample, 98 students were selected in faculty of agricultural engineering. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics such as frequency, mean, Kruskal test, Mann-Whitney, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression were used. The results of the crolation analysis showed that thera are 99 percent significant relationship between the variables of the characteristics of the entrepreneurial university and the level of awareness of the entrepreneurial activities of the colleges.

Now, the role of cooperatives in socio-economic development, equipping capital and thoughts, and then changing them to effective powers in the process of socio-economic development, distributing the benefits of this process in a more equitable manner among people specially the poor and low-income masses, is obvious for all of us. For determining the level of cooperative success to achieve their goals, it is necessary to investigate their activities. The study of financial situation of cooperative is one of the important case in the study of cooperative conditions. So, this research will investigate the effective factors on financial success of agricultural cooperatives in Sari, Babol, and Amol cities during 1395 and 1396. Requirement data was collected by filling in questionnaire, then analyzed by SPSS and Eviews software. The results showed the level of staff's education, the level of manager's education and manager's experience have positive and significant effect on stockholder's profit. In other words, if manager experience and the number of educated staff increase, stockholders profit will increase 5.73 and 1.25 Million Tomans, respectively. Also the result showed if manager education increase for one year, stockholders profit will increase 42.14 million Toman. The finding also showed active agricultural cooperatives in Sari will pay more profit to their stockholders than cooperatives in Babol and Amol cities.

Optimal decision making is a prerequisite for job success, and decisions are influenced by motivations. This research was conducted to assess the optimal level of farmers' occupational decision making and the impact of job motivation and other factors on it by descriptive - correlational research and using a survey technique in Marvdasht Township of Fars province. The sample size (249 people) was determined by Mendenhall formula, which up to 307 people to increase research accuracy. A multi stage stratified random sampling method was used for sampling. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by the professors of agricultural extension and education and a pilot study was carried out to determine its reliability. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for research scales ranged from 0.71 to 0.86, indicating the accepted level of the measurement tool reliability. The results showed that farmers' attention to the optimal decision making criteria was moderate and all four types of job motivation had a positive and significant effect on optimal job decision making. Between the investigated criteria, the amount of hesitation in decision making and changing it has lower situation than the others. Moreover, one of the important factors in optimum decision making is the access of farmers to various information, especially meteorological information. According to the results, it is suggested that   authorities and experts pay more attention to different types of farmers' motivations, and to increase their knowledge and information about decision making subjects, provide them with appropriate solutions.

The purpose of the present study was to identify the employment feasibilitis and effective job opportunity strategies in villages of Mashhad-e-Morghab district, Fars province which was conducted in a survey between experts and local elites. The data were collected using a protocol and a questionnaire with open and closed questions which were analyzed using SWOT technique in 96 year. The results showed that the study area faced by 39 factors pertaining to weaknesses (with weight of 0.876), 28 factors of threats (with weight of 0.952), 14 strength factors (with weight of 1.917) and three factors pertaining to opportunities (with weight of 1.659) for developing job opportunity. According to the Strategic Assesment and Spacead Matrix and the total value of strengths and opportunities, the aggressive strategy (SO), which focuses on internal strengths and external opportunities was identified as a priority of strategies for employment in rural villages of Mashhad-e-Morghab district. Therefore, in presenting job opportunity strategies in the studied area, the focus is on internal weaknesses (such as lack of adequate budget allocation for entrepreneurship, rural financial weakness, mismanagement of water resources with total value of 0.028) and external threats (drought and high banking profits with total value of 0.03). Also, in categorizing of identified capacities, the most important factor in the weaknesses and threats in creating employment are the economic factors. Finally, according to the results of the study, applied strategies for developing job opportunity in Mashhad-e- Morghab district were recommended.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of green entrepreneurship orientation in increasing the performance of Agriculture Jihad Organization. The present study is an applied research and included witin descriptive research method. In this research, green entrepreneurship has been considered as an independent variable and organizational performance as a dependent variable. The statistical population of this research includes 115 managers and employees of Mazandaran Agriculture Jihad Organization. According to Krejcie & Morgan table, the minimum number of sample size has been determined as 89 people that have been selected randomly. Further, standardized questionnaires have been used to gather necessary data. The reliability of the questionnaire has ben approved by Cronbach's alpha coefficienty; Moreover, combined reliability, has been confirmed by using convergent validity. Furthermore, the validity has been confirmed by content validity through the esperts idea about the questionnaire. Further, SPSS22 and AMOS22 softwares were used to analyzing the data and determining the correlation between variables. The results of the current study show that green entrepreneurship has a significant effect on organizational performance. Therefore, managers can take a practical step towards developing environmental activities considering the dimensions of green entrepreneurship and their institutionalization in the organization.

The aim of this study was to identify the challenges of rural women entrepreneurship development in Ilam city. The statistical population of the study consisted of 51 rural women entrepreneurs in Ilam city who were studied by census method. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose content validity was confirmed by the opinion of the faculty members and experts of rural extension and development. The reliability of the research instrument was determined using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α = 0.78). Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and factor analysis with SSPS20 software. The results of factor analysis with exploratory approach led to the identification of four factors that explained in the form of educational training challenges, economic and legal challenges, individual and mental challenges, and socio-cultural challenges of 59.08% of the total variance. Extension and educational challenges as the first factor with a special amount of 2/631 had the highest share (21.62%) and social cultural challenges with a special amount of 1.306 of the lowest contribution (10.88%) in explaining the total variance.