فهرست مطالب

Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Volume:24 Issue: 6, Jun 2019

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1398/03/26
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Azar Mehri *, Faezeh Asadollahpour, Ahmadreza Khatoonabadi, Fereshteh Mohammadzaheri, Abbas Ebadi Page 1
    Background
    This study is to evaluate swallowing problems (dysphasia) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients; the importance of using tools that are durable and appropriate is well understood. One of the most trusted tools is the dysphagia in multiple sclerosis (DYMUS) test. The aim of this study was to prepare a Persian version and to evaluate the validity and reliability of the test.
    Materials and Methods
    This methodological study was conducted on 236 MS patients in Southeast of Iran from August 2015 to February 2016. After translation and cultural adaptation of the test in Persian, the validity of this test was determined using expert opinions accordance with the International Quality of Life Assessment Project. In addition, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed with varimax rotation. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted and the goodness of fit indices was calculated. Moreover, to test the reliability, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used.
    Results
    In total, 236 MS patients were included in the study (81 males and 155 females). All the questions in the test’s Persian version obtained an acceptable face and content validity (content validity ratio = 1, Scale content validity index/Ave = 1). EFA revealed that the scale has two factors (solid–liquid) with 67.5% cumulative variance. CFA indicated a good fit to the intended two‑factor structure, and the ratio of Chi‑square to the degree of freedom was 1.79, and the root mean square error of approximation was 0.058. The internal consistency of total test indicated the appropriate level (Cronbach’s alpha coefficient = 0.775), and test–retest reliability total questionnaire was found to be ICC = 0.985, indicating its high reliability.
    Conclusion
    The results of this study indicated that the Persian version of the DYMUS questionnaire had good reliability and validity for patients with MS.
    Keywords: Dysphagia, multiple sclerosis, questionnaire, reliability, validity
  • Marija S Trenkic Božinovic *_Gordana Stankovic Babic_Maja Petrovic_Jelena Karadžic_Tatjana Šarenac Vulovic_Milan Trenkic Page 2
    Background
    Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are drugs that are primarily used for the treatment of malaria and are also
    recommended for treating connective tissue disorders, autoimmune diseases, and some dermatological and inflammatory diseases.
    Treatment with these drugs has potential risk for the development of retinopathy, clinically characterized by bilateral pigment changes
    in the macula, as one serious ocular complication. The aim of this research was to evaluate the parafoveal and perifoveal macular
    retinal thickness, as central foveal thickness in adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on chloroquine therapy using optical
    coherence tomography (OCT).
    Materials and Methods
    In this cross‑sectional study, 56 RA patients (56 eyes) were included and
    examined. All patients were treated with chloroquine (tablets resochin or delagil) at a dose of 250 mg/day without treatment with
    steroids and other immunosuppressive drugs. Patients were divided into two groups, namely, Group I patients ‑ no visible changes
    in the macula (26 patients) and Group II patients‑ with visible changes in the macula (30 patients). The central fovea thickness and
    parafoveal and perifoveal retinal thickness in all quadrants were measured by OCT and compared in both groups.
    Results
    There
    are a significantly higher number of eyes without thinning of the macula in Group I patients than in Group II (P < 0.001) patients.
    There are a higher number of patients with recorded parafoveal thinning in Group II patients, especially in the inferior, nasal, and
    temporal sectors, respectively (P < 0.05).
    Conclusion
    Maculopathy is the main side effect of chloroquine therapy in RA patients
    that can be detected by OCT in the early stages of the macular involvement.
    Keywords: Chloroquine, optical coherence tomography, retina, rheumatoid arthritis
  • Muhammad Iqbal, Abdullah Abu Jamea, Miguel Alonso‑Alonso, Khalid A. Al, Regaiey, Shahid Bashir * Page 3
    Background
    We aimed to study the anatomical, physiological, and cognitive function of healthy individuals practicing fasting during
    the month of Ramadan. Measurements were taken 1 week before and 2 weeks after Ramadan fasting.
    Materials and Methods
    Twelve
    healthy male individuals (mean age ± standard error of the mean: 34.3 ± 2.9 years; body mass index: 26.26 ± 1.4 kg/m2) were assessed for
    various parameters before and after Ramadan fasting. All the tests were performed in the morning. Body composition characteristics
    were assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis using a commercially available body composition analyzer. For neurocognitive
    analysis, participants underwent the stop signal task (SST), pattern recognition memory task (PRM), and spatial working memory
    strategy (SWM) from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. T1‑weighted, 1 mm‑thick magnetic resonance
    images were also acquired.
    Results
    Anthropometric analysis showed a significant decrease in body weight, fat‑free mass (FFM),
    trunk FFM, and trunk predicted muscle mass, while the other body composition parameters did not exhibit any changes. The stop
    signal reaction time (SSRT) latency (ms) (P > 0.05) and PRM did not show any significant difference before and after fasting. SWM
    task (P < 0.05) improved significantly after fasting. Cortical thickness data of the whole brain were not significantly different after
    fasting at any brain location. There was a significant correlation between the left amygdala and the SWM strategy (r2 = 0.518) and
    between fat and brain segmentation volume (r2 = 0.375).
    Conclusion
    Our pilot data suggest that Ramadan fasting leads to weight
    loss and FFM reductions and improve cognitive function.
    Keywords: Body composition, cognitive ability, neuroimaging, Ramadan fasting
  • Ozlem Gok, Zeynep Karaali, Arzu Ergen, Sema Sirma Ekmekci, Neslihan Abaci * Page 4
    Background
    Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin deficiency. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), serving as a
    deacetylase, is critical in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Recently, a number of studies have been conducted to
    investigate the role of SIRT1 in the pathogenesis of T2DM. However, there are no sufficient data about the relationship between SIRT1
    and T2DM. The aim of this study was to analyze the expressions of microRNAs (miRNAs) (miR‑34a, miR‑9, miR‑132, and miR‑181a)
    involved in SIRT1 regulation and SIRT1 protein in the serum of T2DM patients and controls.
    Materials and Methods
    miRNA
    expressions were determined by real‑time polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure
    the SIRT1 protein levels in 25 T2DM patients and 25 controls.
    Results
    Fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels were
    significantly higher in patients when compared with controls (P < 0.001). There was no difference for miRNA expressions between the
    groups (P > 0.05). SIRT1 protein level was significantly increased in patients as compared to controls (P = 0.044). Moreover, SIRT1 was
    negatively correlated with miR‑181a (r = −0.558, P = 0.005) and miR‑132 (r = −0.435, P = 0.034) in patients.
    Conclusion
    Obtained
    results indicate that serum SIRT1 may be a potentially new biomarker for T2DM and also miR‑181a and miR‑132 may be involved
    in the development of T2DM by targeting SIRT1. This is the first study reporting on the effects of SIRT1 and related miRNAs in
    Turkish T2DM patients.
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, microRNA, serum, sirtuin 1
  • Sajad Dehnavi, Farahzad Jabbari Azad, Reza Farid Hoseini, Nasrin Moazzen, Jalil Tavakkol, Afshari, Amin Reza Nikpoor, Amir Abbas Salmani, Hamid Ahanchian, Mojgan Mohammadi * Page 5
    Background
    Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is the most common allergic disease worldwide. The present study, evaluated effects of synbiotic
    on gene expression of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-17 (IL-17), transforming
    growth factor beta (TGF-β), and forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) in AR patients who received concomitant immunotherapy in a placebocontrolled
    clinical trial.
    Materials and Methods
    Twenty AR patients were randomized in synbiotic and placebo groups and received
    cluster immunotherapy for 2 months. RNA was extracted from peripheral PBMCs, then the cDNA synthesized. Subsequently, SYBR
    Green real-time Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction technique was employed for studying the expression of mentioned
    genes. In addition, SNOT-22 and mini-Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire questionnaires were completed by patients.
    Data were analyzed before and also 2 and 6 months after intervention.
    Results
    Clinical symptoms and quality of life were improved
    with immunotherapy, but there was no significant difference between the placebo and synbiotic groups. Gene expression of IFN-γ,
    TGF-β, and FoxP3 was increased whereas the gene expression of IL-4 and IL-10 decreased, but not significant. Interestingly, the
    gene expression of IL-17 in the synbiotic group was significantly decreased versus placebo after 2 months (P = 0.001) and also at
    the end of intervention (P = 0.0001) comparing with the time zero.
    Conclusion
    Significant reduction in the IL-17 gene expression
    following administration of synbiotic versus placebo shows the importance of synbiotic in control of the immunopathogenesis of AR.
    Further studies with more samples are recommended. In addition, evaluating the effects of synbiotic in patients who do not undergo
    immunotherapy is suggested to get a better conclusion.
    Keywords: Allergic rhinitis, forkhead box P3 transcription factor, immunotherapy, interferon‑gamma, interleukin‑10, interleukin‑17, interleukin‑4, synbiotic, transforming growth factor beta
  • Ramin Ghafari, Noushin Jalayer Naderi *, Amirnader Emami Razavi Page 6
    Background
    Despite the available data on demographic information of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the changing trend of
    histopathologic pattern of OSCC has not conducted yet, in Iran. The aim was to investigate the pattern of histopathologic features of
    OSCC in Iran by analyzing the patients referred to Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,
    Tehran, Iran, during 2006-2015.
    Materials and Methods
    The study was a retrospective institutional study. The pathology records
    with the diagnosis of OSCC were retrieved from Iran National Tumor Bank, Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of
    Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, during 2006-2015. The demographic characteristics and histopathologic
    features were recorded and analyzed for possible trend. Descriptive analysis was used for statistical interpretation.
    Results
    The data
    showed an increasing number of moderately and poorly differentiated OSCC. Accordingly, higher increasing rate in tumor size and
    vascular, perineural invasion was detected.
    Conclusion
    On the basis of histopathologic features, moderately differentiated OSCC
    with increasing rate of tumor size and vascular, perineural invasion was indicated in recent decade. Based on the findings, lower
    differentiation potentially is compatible with worsen prognosis.
    Keywords: Carcinomas, epidemiology, squamous cell, trends