نشریه پدافند غیر عامل و امنیت
پیاپی 19 (تابستان 1396)

The purpose of this article is to identify the causes of contamination of drinking water supply sources in Tehran especially in Karaj River. Its main question is: What are the pollutants in the Karaj River? The hypothesis is that: The most important contaminants of drinking water in the Karaj River in Tehran are in the order of priority: industrial waste (hazardous waste), solid waste and biological factors. This article is an applied and descriptive one. The population of the sample is 69 people. The method of data collection was questionnaire and library. The hypothesis has been analyzed by statistical inference method and statistical data has been analyzed by Excel and SPSS software. The results of the article show. All three variables of industrial wastes, solid wastes and biological wastes will equally affect the drinking water pollution in Tehran and have no particular priority or superiority over each other.

Social security as one of the dimensions of national security implies social solidarity. Social security, on the other hand, is achieved when individuals identify and adhere to a group (community). On the other hand, social capital, as one of the types of capital of a society (along with economic capital and human capital), facilitates crisis management in the event of an enemy attack that provides one of the passive defense objectives. This study seeks to examine how trust building (as the most important component of social capital) affects social security. In this research, the theoretical foundations of social security (religious doctrines, common linguistic patterns, social customs, common social values ​​and common social norms) are extracted from the Holy Quran, Imam Khamenei's views, and the views of experts in this field. Theoretical foundations of trust building (fundamental, interpersonal, generalized, and institutional) have also been derived from the theories of Giddens, Zetomka, and Ericsson. In this study, 79 experts were selected from experts in selected areas of social media, namely national media, social deputy of NAJA, Tehran General Administration of Social Affairs and academic experts using Cochran formula and a researcher-made questionnaire (75). An interview (4) was also conducted on them. Research findings suggest that trust-building measures in the social domain lead to changes in group identity (attitudes toward shared social values ​​and shared social norms) and individual identity (rituals or lifestyles and religious teachings). Also, both dimensions of identity (personal identity and social identity) are more affected by generalized trust than most types of trust. Individual identity after generalized trust is affected by interpersonal trust. But overall confidence building has little effect on common language patterns.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the principles of passive defense in landfill structures of strategic defense items. The research is done using descriptive-analytical method. This is an applied research. Methods and tools for collecting information In this research, questionnaires were used for library and internet searches. SPSS software was used to prove the validity and reliability of the questionnaire and was calculated using Cronbach's alpha method. The findings indicate that the principles and considerations of passive defense (location, coverage, retrofitting, hiding, camouflage, deception and dispersal) play a key role in the construction of landfills for strategic items. The most important indices of locating principle: Safe area selection in geography of the country, soil strength of the area, area air, the most important indices of covering principle: use of complex stairs such as polyhedral and concealment of the main identity of structures, the most important indices of retrofitting: application of plasma membranes, increased thickness and , Combining Multi-Immunization and Reinforcement Techniques, The Most Important Indicators of Principle of Conservation: Constructions in valleys, mountainous and buried areas near shores, The most important indices of camouflage: The use of thermal, multispectral and artificial camouflage fans, the most important indices L trick: use a fan pretense, false attack, deception, simulation and deformation technology, the most important indicators of the dispersion: miniaturization, pluralism and development facilities and structures are funeral.

The purpose of this study was to investigate "Human Factor Factors Affecting Reduction of Railway Locomotive Purchase Vulnerability", the main research question "What are the Human Factor Factors Affecting Reduction of Railway Locomotive Purchase Vulnerability?" And the main research hypothesis The humanity of the selected purchasing group has been characterized by being aware of legal issues, political issues, personality traits and the necessary training to reduce the vulnerability of locomotives in the process of purchasing railways. " This research is applied and descriptive. The statistical population of this study included all managers, deputies, chiefs, experts and staff of RA Railway Company, university professors with a master's degree, ten years of work experience and familiarity with the rail transport fleet, its functions and vulnerability reduction strategies. In buying locomotives make up. The statistical population is estimated at 200 people. The sample size, based on Cochran formula, was estimated to be 88 and the available sampling was used. Data collection was done through field and library. The validity of the measuring instrument (questionnaire) was obtained through expert opinion on the subject and validity of the questionnaire by the so-called Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The findings of the study indicate that the human factors of the selected purchasing group, including knowledge of legal issues, political issues, personality traits, and education, reduce the vulnerability of locomotives in the rail purchase.

By analyzing Hollywood productions one can find the gap between reality and what Hollywood depicts. In this regard, the CIA, using Hollywood and the film industry as a whole, is working to provide a framework for achieving its goals and policies worldwide. The general question is, how does the CIA represent itself through the media? To illustrate this, in more detail, we look at the relationship between the productions of the Hollywood film industry and the CIA. The topic of this article is to "identify and investigate the main components of the CIA's representation in Hollywood cinema". The survey appears to aim to portray or represent the CIA as a powerful, courageous, and patriotic institution that uses every tool to safeguard the safety of American citizens, in other words, the CIA using Hollywood and other media tools, including news networks. Principals like Cyan Ann and Fox News are trying to win the trust of the American people so they can create the social capital for American sovereignty. To portray Americans as "self" and to represent components of the enemy or "other" that differed in each era. The CIA also wanted to be seen as a strong, sophisticated, up-to-date organization in the international and global arena. To this end, we will come to an assessment of the main components of symbolization by analyzing, analyzing the message and the semantics of some Hollywood movies. While the theoretical framework of this paper is a combination of Robert Pantam's "social capital" and Jean Baudrillard's "reality and acute reality" as well as Stuart Hall's "representation" theory.

Damage to Tehran's drinking water dams as vital and strategic resources of the capital can be addressed in enemy policies and strategies. Therefore, to mitigate the impact of enemy operations on Tehran's drinking water dams, the weaknesses and vulnerabilities of these dams need to be addressed. And, depending on their vulnerabilities and new threats, identify and apply vulnerability mitigation strategies. The purpose of the present study was to determine strategies to reduce the vulnerability of Tehran's five drinking water dams to natural and man-made threats. In this study, while investigating the current vulnerability of five drinking water dams in Tehran against natural and man-made threats, the strategies for reducing the vulnerability of the mentioned dams have also been studied and prioritized. The main question of the present study is "Are the five strategies to reduce the vulnerability of Tehran's five water dams to human-made threats superior to natural threats?" And the underlying assumption is that "the five strategies to reduce the vulnerability of Tehran's five water dams to threats." Artificial or anthropogenic have priority over natural threats. "The present study uses a case-context method and descriptive statistics to analyze the results and Pearson's method to test the hypotheses. In this study, vulnerability of Tehran's five dams and vulnerability reduction strategies were investigated. , The overall and each dam has been investigated separately and the vulnerabilities and vulnerability reduction strategies have been prioritized. The results of the study confirm the main and secondary hypotheses and indicate that the implementation of the five vulnerability reduction strategies. Tehran has a higher priority over man-made threats than natural threats, and with some low-cost, education-preventive measures, in other words, by applying crisis management and passive defense principles, many vulnerabilities can be addressed or eliminated. The lowest cost and the loss of ongoing risks to be managed